CN102185367A - Pulse width modulation (PWM) rectification, variable-voltage and variable-current pulse charging system of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Pulse width modulation (PWM) rectification, variable-voltage and variable-current pulse charging system of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse width modulation (PWM) rectification, variable-voltage and variable-current pulse charging system of an electric vehicle and belongs to a large-size storage battery charging system. The system comprises a rectification module, a charging module and a direct current charging management module; the rectification module is respectively connected with an alternating current power grid and the charging module; the charging module consists of a direct current input module and a direct current output module; the rectification module, the direct current input module, the direct current output module and the direct current charging management module are mutually-independent modules and are contacted together through network buses. The PWM rectification, variable-voltage and variable-current pulse charging system of the electric vehicle has a simple structure, a small size and wide application ranges, can be applied to the charging of all lead-zinc storage batteries, and is applicable for large-scale promotion. Moreover, the charging time of the storage batteries is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to large-scale battery charging system, a kind of electric automobile PWM rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system more specifically say so.
Background technology
Electric automobile has not been a strange noun at present, electric automobile is compared the superiority that has clearly with the internal combustion automobile: pollute little, noise is little, therefore the development of electric automobile is quite rapid, what the power supply of electric automobile adopted is large-scale storage battery power supply, therefore the technology that storage battery is charged is quite important, the charging device power of normal domestic use is very little, and charging rate is required neither be very high, therefore its charging interval generally longer, but this charging device and be not suitable for electric automobile and use.The commercial charging device that is used for charging electric vehicle, it is little to satisfy the storage battery loss, pollute little, fireballing requirement, because it is big that the large-scale storage battery that uses on the electric automobile all possesses capacity, power is big, several big characteristics such as the life-span is long, so to its equipment that charges, especially the power requirement to the commercial charging device that is equivalent to the internal combustion filling station is also very high, this is because this charging device can not only charge to a storage battery, but to all storage batterys of whole chassis even several chassis be charged, but in the power of simply raising charging device, also make its influence to electrical network in use very big, its power is more greatly the topmost factor that influences electrical network.
Traditional high power charging device is based on the phase control rectifier technology, use thyristor as power device, except adopting common three phase rectifier technology to constitute the charger, also developed many pulse waves charger etc., but the charger that is based on the phase control rectifier technology has the volume heaviness, power factor is low, shortcomings such as harmonic pollution is big, if the charger power factor is lower, when the charger load increases, can produce tremendous influence to electrical network and other power consumption equipments, this phase control rectifier charger is in order to solve power factor and harmonic pollution, must be equipped with corresponding harmonic wave suppresses and reactive power compensating apparatus, but so both increased equipment volume, increased cost again, even and if take such measure, can not fundamentally solve harmonic pollution and power factor problem.
The charging of electric automobile cans be compared to the oiling of internal-combustion engines vehicle in addition, needs to charge about ten minutes under the normal condition to finish.For electric automobile vehicular charger; its advantage is need whenever charge at storage battery; as long as available power supply base is arranged; just can charge; its shortcoming then is limit by the space; thereby power handling capability is limited; can only provide little electric current to charge at a slow speed; charging interval is generally longer, if adopt traditional charging technique, accumulator of electric car once charges to be needed more than 12 hours at least; also have traditional charging method charging too simple; usually can shorten the useful life of storage battery, can imagine, adopt conventional art that electric automobile is charged and to promote at all.
So solve and to significantly reduce the charge in batteries time, also to guarantee simultaneously storage battery produced and damage this technical problem, be necessary to develop a kind of power factor height, harmonic wave is little and need not to be equipped with that corresponding harmonic wave suppresses and the quick charging system of reactive power compensating apparatus.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of power factor height is provided, and harmonic wave is little and need not to be equipped with that corresponding harmonic wave suppresses and a kind of electric automobile PWM rectification and the variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system of reactive power compensating apparatus.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of electric automobile PWM provided by the invention rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system comprise rectification module and charging module, and rectification module is connected with charging module with AC network respectively.Described charging system also comprises the DC charging administration module, and wherein charging module is made up of direct current input module and direct current output module; Described rectification module, direct current input module, direct current output module and DC charging administration module are separate module all, and link together by network-bus;
Rectification module carries out rectification and after filtering, forms stable VD the alternating current by the power supply input, offers the conversion module in the follow-up direct current output module;
The direct current input module is realized direct current is measured, direct current supply is controlled, security protection is carried out in the direct current input and output;
The direct current output module is realized communicating by letter with vehicle-mounted EMS, carries out the power output conversion, cooperates output charge in batteries required voltage and electric current;
The DC charging administration module is realized man-machine interaction, is used for interface display, identification, fee, bill printing, data management, interrupted, the remote monitoring of Control current.
Further technical scheme is: described rectification module comprises transformer, rectifier, control section, Switching Power Supply, contactor or circuit breaker.Contactor or circuit breaker and transformer to main power source input and output isolate lifting with voltage; rectifier is finished the conversion of power supply by AC-to DC; control section generates the required pwm pulse signal of rectifier; finish control and various logic protection to power device, Switching Power Supply provides the voltage of each required grade of control.
Above-mentioned further technical scheme is: described transformer adopting poured with epoxy resin dry-type transformer, and primary side and secondary side all adopt Y-connection, and the primary side of transformer connects AC network, and secondary side connects the input of rectifier; Described rectifier is the PWM rectifier, and the PWM rectifier realizes that transformer alternating grid side electric current is sinusoidal, controlled, the electric energy transmitted in both directions of power factor.
Above-mentioned further technical scheme is: described control section is made up of controller and PWM rectifier control board, the double closed-loop control system of PWM rectifier control board for constituting by current inner loop, outer voltage, with DSP as the master control chip, employing space vector of voltage modulation algorithm is controlled input current, output voltage, realizes the constant function of current sinusoidalization, unity power factor and VD of transformer alternating grid side; Controller then is used to realize human-computer interaction interface, adopts master-slave mode RS485 bus and PWM rectifier control board to carry out communication, sends operating instruction to PWM rectifier control board, and control PWM rectifier operation also obtains PWM rectifier running status and parameter.
Above-mentioned further technical scheme is: described direct current input module is made up of power control section branch, rechargeable electrical energy metering module, control board, control power panel.
Further technical scheme is: described power control section divides employing contactor and protection device to realize, but circuit and late-class circuit safety after the rectification are isolated and Be Controlled, and its control signal comes from the DC charging administration module; The rechargeable electrical energy metering module adopts high-precision sensor that voltage, electric current are sampled, and rechargeable electrical energy is measured, and by the RS485 communication interface energy data is uploaded to the DC charging administration module; The DSP that the control board employing is 16 finishes communication and drives function as the single-chip microcomputer of main control chip; The control power panel adopts a plurality of integrated power modules, the 220V AC supply voltage is converted to the DC power supply voltage of multiple different brackets, for control board, transducer provide stable working power.
Further technical scheme is again: described direct current output module is made up of DC converting module, control board, control power panel.
Above-mentioned further technical scheme is: adopt bidirectional DC-DC converter in the described DC converting module, realization is to the various modes charging of accumulator of electric car, include modified constant-voltage charge, constant current pressure limiting charging, the charging of three stages, pulse interval charging, positive negative pulse stuffing charging charge mode, multiple charge mode can freely be selected; The DSP that the control board employing is 16 finishes the function of communication, driving as the single-chip microcomputer of main control chip; The control power panel adopts a plurality of integrated power modules, the 220V AC supply voltage is converted to the DC power supply voltage of multiple different brackets, for control board provides stable working power.
Above-mentioned further technical scheme is: described DC charging administration module is made up of embedded controller, display screen, radio-frequency card card reader, CAN communication card, remote monitoring communication expansion card, mini-printer; The DC charging administration module is as the control centre of charging system, gets in touch by CAN or RS485 bus and each module, sends all kinds of work orders, all kinds of feedback informations of receiver module, work schedule between Coordination module and logic to each module.
Above-mentioned also further technical scheme is: described DC charging administration module reads user profile by the radio-frequency card card reader, and shows IC-card information, and the prompting user correctly connects charging plug, selects charging interval, charging modes, and confirms to start charging; In charging process, embedded controller regularly obtains electric quantity data, when charging interval that reaches user's setting or charge capacity, transmission stops charging instruction to the direct current input module, contactor is carried out action in the control direct current input module, cut off the electricity supply, and the prompting user end of charging on display screen, after the user pulls up plug, can pay the bill, check the operation of consumption information, printed tickets.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can realize that in the charging process of electric automobile grid side current sinusoidalization, unity power factor are constant, and improve the power factor of charging system, in power transfer control, realize the control of Zero-voltage zero-current simultaneously, system effectiveness reaches as high as 95%, thereby reduced electric automobile harmonic content in the charging system in charging process, reduced the pollution of charging system and equipment, played the effect of energy-conserving and environment-protective electrical network.Direct current output module in the while charging system has multiple charge mode can be for being provided with, can satisfy the demand of different accumulator of electric car, and it is convenient flexibly, and preferentially adopt the positive negative pulse stuffing fast charge method, it is long to have solved in the past the accumulator of electric car charging interval, though perhaps there is the problem of damaging in charging to storage battery itself soon, further shortened the charging interval, and less to storage battery damage itself, in the useful life of prolongation storage battery, satisfy current demand.A kind of electric automobile PWM provided by the present invention rectification simultaneously and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system configuration are simple, and volume is less, and applicable to all lead-zinc accumulator chargings, applied range is suitable for large-scale promotion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the rectification module circuit structure block diagram in the middle of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the direct current input module circuit structure block diagram in the middle of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the direct current output module circuit structure block diagram in the middle of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the DC charging administration module circuit structure block diagram in the middle of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electric automobile PWM provided by the present invention rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, comprise rectification module and charging module, rectification module is connected with charging module with AC network respectively, the rated voltage of AC network is 380V in the present embodiment, described charging system also comprises the DC charging administration module, wherein charging module is made up of direct current input module and direct current output module, and rectification module, the direct current input module, direct current output module and DC charging administration module all are separate module respectively, and they all are to link together by network-bus; Four independently the function of module is as follows: rectification module carries out rectification and after filtering, forms stable VD the alternating current by the power supply input, to offer the conversion module in the follow-up direct current output module; The direct current input module is realized direct current is measured, direct current supply is controlled, security protection is carried out in the direct current input and output; The direct current output module is realized communicating by letter with vehicle-mounted EMS, carries out the power output conversion, cooperates output charge in batteries required voltage and electric current; The DC charging administration module is realized man-machine interaction, is used for interface display, identification, fee, bill printing, data management, interrupted, the remote monitoring of Control current.
As shown in Figure 2; for the galvanic transformation conversion effect that arrives that better embodies alternating current; preferably adopt transformer, rectifier, control section, Switching Power Supply in the parts of composition rectification module; wherein transformer to main power source input and output isolate lifting with voltage; rectifier is finished the conversion of power supply by AC-to DC; control section generates the required pwm pulse signal of rectifier; finish control and various logic protection to power device, Switching Power Supply provides the voltage of each required grade of control.In the present embodiment for to embody than more excellent voltage regulation result, transformer adopting be the poured with epoxy resin dry-type transformer, the primary side and the secondary side of transformer are all adopted Y-connection, make the primary side of its transformer connect AC network, secondary side connects the input of rectifier; And rectifier is the PWM rectifier, realizes that by the PWM rectifier transformer alternating grid side electric current is sinusoidal, controlled, the electric energy transmitted in both directions of power factor.Control section preferably adopts controller and PWM rectifier control board to form, the double closed-loop control system of PWM rectifier control board for constituting by current inner loop, outer voltage, with DSP as the master control chip, employing space vector of voltage modulation algorithm is controlled input current, output voltage, realizes the constant function of current sinusoidalization, unity power factor and VD of transformer alternating grid side; Controller then is used to realize human-computer interaction interface, adopts master-slave mode RS485 bus and PWM rectifier control board to carry out communication, sends operating instruction to PWM rectifier control board, and control PWM rectifier operation also obtains PWM rectifier running status and parameter.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, at above-mentioned direct current input module and direct current output module, consider itself and rectification module matching and with the compatibility of charging system, the direct current input module preferentially adopts power control section branch, rechargeable electrical energy metering module, control board, control power panel to form.The direct current output module adopts DC converting module, control board, control power panel to form.Power control section in the middle of the direct current input module divides employing contactor and protection power device to realize, but circuit and late-class circuit safety after the rectification are isolated and Be Controlled, and its control signal comes from the DC charging administration module; The rechargeable electrical energy metering module adopts high-precision sensor that voltage, electric current are sampled, and rechargeable electrical energy is measured, and by the RS485 communication interface energy data is uploaded to the DC charging administration module; Control board adopts 16 single-chip microcomputers as main control chip, finishes communication and drives function; The control power panel adopts a plurality of integrated power modules, the 220V AC supply voltage is converted to the DC power supply voltage of multiple different brackets, for control board, transducer provide stable working power.And adopt bidirectional DC-DC converter in the DC converting module in the middle of the direct current output module, realization is to the various modes charging of accumulator of electric car, include charge modes such as modified constant-voltage charge, constant current pressure limiting charging, the charging of three stages, pulse interval charging, positive negative pulse stuffing charging in the charge mode, multiple charge mode can freely be selected; The DSP that the control board employing is 16 is as the single-chip microcomputer of main control chip, and wherein DSP preferentially adopts 16 fixed DSPs of the TMS320F2407 of TI company, is used to finish the function of communication of direct current output module and driving; Identical in the middle of control power panel and the direct current output module also is a plurality of high-performance of employing, integrated power module, the 220V AC supply voltage is converted to the DC power supply voltage of multiple different brackets, for control board provides stable working power.
The DC charging administration module as shown in Figure 5, is made up of embedded controller, display screen, radio-frequency card card reader, CAN communication card, remote monitoring communication expansion card, mini-printer as the control centre of whole charging system; It is mainly got in touch by CAN or RS485 bus and each module, sends all kinds of work orders, all kinds of feedback informations of receiver module, work schedule between Coordination module and logic to each module.Be embodied in: the DC charging administration module reads user profile by the radio-frequency card card reader, and shows IC-card information, and the prompting user correctly connects charging plug, selects charging interval, charging modes, and confirms to start charging; In charging process, embedded controller regularly obtains electric quantity data, when charging interval that reaches user's setting or charge capacity, transmission stops charging instruction to the direct current input module, contactor is carried out action in the control direct current input module, cut off the electricity supply, and the prompting user end of charging on display screen, after the user pulls up plug, can pay the bill, check the operation of consumption information, printed tickets.
Electric automobile PWM provided by the present invention rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system work process are as follows: the AC network that inserts 380V by rectification module, the direct current that rectification module becomes 650V by the PWM rectifier system with the alternating current of 380V is sent in the middle of the direct current input module, control power panel in the middle of the direct current input module inserts the alternating current of 220V, for control board, transducer provide stable working power; In the middle of the adjusted 650V direct current of direct current input module enters the direct current output module, change the different conditions of voltage by the bidirectional DC-DC converter in the middle of the direct current output module, realize modified constant-voltage charge, constant current pressure limiting charging, the charging of three stages, the pulse interval charging, freely selecting of various modes such as positive negative pulse stuffing charging charge mode, the direct current output module is connected with the electric automobile or the storage battery of charging, begin charging after regulating the charge mode in the DC-DC converter, the DC charging administration module links to each other all kinds of work orders respectively by CAN or RS485 bus with each module, all kinds of feedback informations of receiver module.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electric automobile PWM provided by the present invention rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, comprise rectification module and charging module, rectification module is connected with charging module with AC network respectively, the rated voltage of AC network is 380V in the present embodiment, described charging system also comprises the DC charging administration module, wherein charging module is made up of direct current input module and direct current output module, and rectification module, the direct current input module, direct current output module and DC charging administration module all are separate module respectively, and they all are to link together by network-bus; Four independently the function of module is as follows: rectification module carries out rectification and after filtering, forms stable VD the alternating current by the power supply input, to offer the conversion module in the follow-up direct current output module; The direct current input module is realized direct current is measured, direct current supply is controlled, security protection is carried out in the direct current input and output; The direct current output module is realized communicating by letter with vehicle-mounted EMS, carries out the power output conversion, cooperates output charge in batteries required voltage and electric current; The DC charging administration module is realized man-machine interaction, is used for interface display, identification, fee, bill printing, data management, interrupted, the remote monitoring of Control current.
Rectification module among the present invention can also be made up of air switch, pre-charge resistance, A.C. contactor, input side inductance, three-phase fully-controlled type bridge converter, PWM rectifier, dc-link capacitance, dummy load, power tube driving and Digital Logic protective circuit, control part branch.Wherein the power device in the middle of the rectification module adopts powerful voltage-controlled device IGBT or IPM, to guarantee the requirement of system power capacity and heat radiation; The pwm pulse signal that adopts special-purpose power tube chip for driving and driver module, insulating power supply that the chip in the middle of the control section is sent is converted to IGBT or the IPM pulse with driving force; and when power device generation over current fault, to Digital Logic protective circuit feedback fault-signal.Connect by no inductance bus between the power device, reduce the influence of parasitic parameter main circuit.AC side at the PWM rectifier adopts filter inductance, realize exchanging the four quadrant running of surveying unity power factor control and PWM rectifier, filtering PWM rectifier AC side harmonic current, thereby realize the control of AC side sine-wave current, make the PWM rectifier have BOOST PWM AC/DC property, guarantee the stable of charging system operation simultaneously.Withstand voltage in the DC side employing of PWM rectifier is 1200V, capacity is the 40000uF filter circuit, filter circuit is formed by the withstand voltage electrochemical capacitor connection in series-parallel of a plurality of 400V or a plurality of thin-film capacitor is formed in parallel, suppress the DC side harmonic voltage, energy exchange between buffering AC side and the DC side guarantees the level and smooth, stable of middle dc voltage.
PWM rectifier in the middle of the rectification module among the present invention adopts the three-phase voltage type topological structure, the master control chip of the control section of rectification module adopts 32 fixed DSPs of the TMS320F2812 of TI company, its speed rises to 150M, the deal with data figure place also rises to 32 fixed points, it has the AD data acquisition of EVA, EVB task manager and supporting 12 16 passages, add abundant Peripheral Interface,, make peripheral circuit more succinct as CAN, SCI etc.The control section of rectification module is made of ancillary equipment such as TMS320F2812 and crystal oscillator, reset circuits, finishes functions such as signal sampling, control algolithm computing, pwm signal output, data source storage.
The control board of the rectification module PWM rectifier among the present invention is the form of two closed-loop controls of being made of current inner loop, outer voltage, as the master control chip, adopt the control of space vector of voltage modulation (SVPWM) algorithm realization with DSP to input current, output voltage.The DC side output voltage is through the sampling feedback, compare with given reference voltage, with the input of the error amount that obtains after relatively as Voltage loop pi regulator in the control board, output is given as the ac-side current amplitude, the electric current loop pi regulator with current amplitude given and current feedback signal as input, through obtaining the space command voltage vector after the computing, synthetic by space voltage vector then, feasible actual space voltage vector trace command voltage vector is to reach the purpose of control input current amplitude and phase place.The double closed-loop control system design of PWM rectifier adopts digital governer to realize, the hard-wired function of former cause is replaced with software, makes control mode more flexible, and parameter adjustment is convenient.Adopt Direct Current Control that the rectifier input current is carried out closed-loop control in the double closed-loop control system design in the PWM rectifier; directly adopt electric current that the transient current waveform is carried out High Accuracy Control; this kind control mode has good dynamic property; can the bucking-out system parameter change the error brought and the influence in tube voltage drop and dead band, and be easy to prevent overload and realize overcurrent protection.The double circle structure that control board adopted of the PWM rectifier of Direct Current Control, outer shroud is a Voltage loop, obtain the instruction instantaneous value of alternating current by adjusting to DC bus-bar voltage, interior ring is electric current loop, the effect of current inner loop is to carry out Current Control by the current-order that outer voltage is exported, make the actual input current of PWM rectifier can follow current given, realize the Current Control of High Power Factor sine wave.Perfect Digital Logic protective circuit is set in rectification module, by sampling to input voltage, output voltage, output current etc., defencive functions such as realization input overvoltage, input is under-voltage, input phase shortage, output overvoltage, output overloading, output short-circuit.
The current controller of the double closed-loop control system design among the present invention in the control board of PWM rectifier adopts the PI under the synchronous rotating frame to regulate Current Control, with the input of the deviation of current instruction value and actual value as pi regulator, the space voltage vector that pi regulator output is required, in synchronous rotating frame, the electric current set-point is a DC quantity, pi regulator can be accomplished the indifference adjusting, so the control precision of system is higher.
Control MCU in the direct current input module among the present invention can adopt 16 single-chip microcomputer MSP430F4152 of TI company, the MCU of this kind model has 16KB flash memory, 512BRAM, 56 I/O mouths and lcd driver, 10 ADC transducer, SPI and UART interface, the power supply voltage range of MCU is 1.8～3.6V, built-in WatchDog (house dog) circuit prevents because external disturbance or inside programming mistake cause the single-chip microcomputer operation troubles.The direct current output control module then can also partly be made up of prime input capacitance, filter circuit, bridge converter, high frequency transformer, output diode rectifier bridge, output contactor, control board etc.Output voltage, current signal is sent into control board through the sampling feedback circuit, compare with given signal, behind the pi regulator in the PWM rectifier control board, input to the PWM generation module of dsp chip as control signal, bridge converter is recently regulated output current or voltage by the duty that changes control impuls, the master control chip of control board adopts 16 fixed DSPs of the TMS320F2407 of TI company in the middle of the direct current output control module, the inner Harvard structure that adopts of TMS320LF2407, data space separates with the program space, and independently data/address bus and program bus allow simultaneously program and data to be operated; Its processing speed reaches 30MIPS, the single port RAM of the integrated data/program RAM of sheet inner treater, 544 word dual port RAMs (DARAM) and 2K word up to the 1.5K word, and 32K word Flash program's memory space arranged, its two task manager EVA and EVB function are all more outstanding, can generate the PWM waveform of various needs.Modules such as 16 path 10 position A/D converters, SCI serial communication and CAN bus that TMS320LF2407 is also integrated.
Also adopt XC95144XL type CPLD to realize the Digital Logic protection and the relevant expanded function of system in electric automobile PWM of the present invention in addition rectification and the variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, guarantee reliable, the safe work of charging system.
DC charging administration module in of the present invention adopts embedded controller, touch display screen, radio-frequency card card reader, CAN communication card, remote monitoring communication expansion card, microprinting to form.Adopt RS485 or CAN communication, button input, liquid crystal display circuit to form the communication and the human-machine interface module of system, finish system data input, state-detection and functions such as remote monitoring, client trading.Adopt bi-directional half bridge DC-DC translation circuit in the charging system, finish, realize the positive negative pulse stuffing charging, and the electric energy of emitting can be reclaimed the discharging and recharging of battery.
The control power supply of each module in the middle of electric automobile PWM of the present invention rectification and the variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system all adopts Switching Power Supply, the 220V of input exchanged become control board level power supplies such as 5V, 15V, 24V etc. are various are provided, Switching Power Supply output is stable, ripple is little, reliability is high.Adopt multiple measure to carry out the electromagnetic Compatibility Design of system, adopt RCD to absorb circuit in main switch power device loop overvoltage is suppressed; In the method that each intermodule adopts multipoint earthing and concentrated ground connection to combine, the interference of resolution system static; Adopt piezo-resistance, transient state diode pair surge to suppress at circuit interface.
Design has multiple charge mode in charging system for electric automobile and the equipment, performance difference and user's actual needs of the tactful design consideration different batteries of charging plan that design has modified constant-voltage charge method, constant current pressure limiting mise-a-la-masse method, three stage charging method, pulse interval mise-a-la-masse method, positive negative pulse stuffing mise-a-la-masse method in native system.The direct current output module is by sampling to the voltage, the current signal that output on the battery, the signal that samples is sent into control board, compare with given signal, behind the pi regulator in the PWM rectifier control board, input to the PWM generation module of dsp chip as control signal, recently regulate charging current or voltage by the duty that changes control impuls, realize different charge modes.
Protection scope of the present invention not only is confined to the foregoing description; more than be the preferred embodiments of the present invention; be not limited to invention itself; any to PWM rectification of the present invention and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge charging system for electric automobile and equipment in the equivalence made of each component models replace, revise, deletion, all in the scope that the present invention protected.
Claims (10)
1. electric automobile PWM rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, comprise rectification module and charging module, rectification module is connected with charging module with AC network respectively, it is characterized in that: described charging system also comprises the DC charging administration module, and wherein charging module is made up of direct current input module and direct current output module; Described rectification module, direct current input module, direct current output module and DC charging administration module are separate module all, and link together by network-bus;
Rectification module carries out rectification and after filtering, forms stable VD the alternating current by the power supply input, offers the conversion module in the follow-up direct current output module;
The direct current input module is realized direct current is measured, direct current supply is controlled, security protection is carried out in the direct current input and output;
The direct current output module is realized communicating by letter with vehicle-mounted EMS, carries out the power output conversion, cooperates output charge in batteries required voltage and electric current;
The DC charging administration module is realized man-machine interaction, is used for interface display, identification, fee, bill printing, data management, interrupted, the remote monitoring of Control current.
2. electric automobile PWM according to claim 1 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, it is characterized in that: described rectification module comprises transformer, rectifier, control section, Switching Power Supply, contactor or circuit breaker; Contactor or circuit breaker and transformer to main power source input and output isolate lifting with voltage; rectifier is finished the conversion of power supply by AC-to DC; control section generates the required pwm pulse signal of rectifier; finish control and various logic protection to power device, Switching Power Supply provides the voltage of each required grade of control.
3. electric automobile PWM according to claim 2 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, it is characterized in that: described transformer adopting poured with epoxy resin dry-type transformer, primary side and secondary side all adopt Y-connection, the primary side of transformer connects AC network, and secondary side connects the input of rectifier; Described rectifier is the PWM rectifier, and the PWM rectifier realizes that transformer alternating grid side electric current is sinusoidal, controlled, the electric energy transmitted in both directions of power factor.
4. electric automobile PWM according to claim 2 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, it is characterized in that: described control section is made up of controller and PWM rectifier control board, the double closed-loop control system of PWM rectifier control board for constituting by current inner loop, outer voltage, with DSP as the master control chip, employing space vector of voltage modulation algorithm is controlled input current, output voltage, realizes the constant function of current sinusoidalization, unity power factor and VD of transformer alternating grid side; Controller then is used to realize human-computer interaction interface, adopts master-slave mode RS485 bus and PWM rectifier control board to carry out communication, sends operating instruction to PWM rectifier control board, and control PWM rectifier operation also obtains PWM rectifier running status and parameter.
5. electric automobile PWM according to claim 1 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system is characterized in that: described direct current input module is made up of power control section branch, rechargeable electrical energy metering module, control board, control power panel.
6. electric automobile PWM according to claim 5 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, it is characterized in that: described power control section divides employing contactor and protection device to realize, but circuit and late-class circuit safety after the rectification are isolated and Be Controlled, and its control signal comes from the DC charging administration module; The rechargeable electrical energy metering module adopts high-precision sensor that voltage, electric current are sampled, and rechargeable electrical energy is measured, and by the RS485 communication interface energy data is uploaded to the DC charging administration module; The DSP that the control board employing is 16 finishes communication and drives function as the single-chip microcomputer of main control chip; The control power panel adopts a plurality of integrated power modules, the 220V AC supply voltage is converted to the DC power supply voltage of multiple different brackets, for control board, transducer provide stable working power.
7. electric automobile PWM according to claim 1 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system is characterized in that: described direct current output module is made up of DC converting module, control board, control power panel.
8. electric automobile PWM according to claim 7 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, it is characterized in that: adopt bidirectional DC-DC converter in the described DC converting module, realization is to the various modes charging of accumulator of electric car, include modified constant-voltage charge, constant current pressure limiting charging, the charging of three stages, pulse interval charging, positive negative pulse stuffing charging charge mode, multiple charge mode can freely be selected; Control board adopts 16 single-chip microcomputers as main control chip, finishes the function of communication, driving; The control power panel adopts a plurality of integrated power modules, the 220V AC supply voltage is converted to the DC power supply voltage of multiple different brackets, for control board provides stable working power.
9. electric automobile PWM according to claim 1 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system is characterized in that: described DC charging administration module is made up of embedded controller, display screen, radio-frequency card card reader, CAN communication card, remote monitoring communication expansion card, mini-printer; The DC charging administration module is as the control centre of charging system, gets in touch by CAN or RS485 bus and each module, sends all kinds of work orders, all kinds of feedback informations of receiver module, work schedule between Coordination module and logic to each module.
10. electric automobile PWM according to claim 1 rectification and variable voltage and variable current pulse current charge system, it is characterized in that: described DC charging administration module reads user profile by the radio-frequency card card reader, and demonstration IC-card information, the prompting user correctly connects charging plug, select charging interval, charging modes, and confirm to start charging; In charging process, embedded controller regularly obtains electric quantity data, when charging interval that reaches user's setting or charge capacity, transmission stops charging instruction to the direct current input module, contactor is carried out action in the control direct current input module, cut off the electricity supply, and the prompting user end of charging on display screen, after the user pulls up plug, can pay the bill, check the operation of consumption information, printed tickets.
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Application publication date: 20110914 |