CN101808423A - Photovoltaic energy autonomy system and method of wireless sensor network node - Google Patents
Photovoltaic energy autonomy system and method of wireless sensor network node Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A photovoltaic energy autonomy system and method of a wireless sensor network node belong to the technical field of wireless communication. The system comprises an energy storage module, a power selection module, a voltage regulator module and a sensor node module, wherein the energy storage module is connected with the power selection module to transmit energy information; the power selection module is connected with the voltage regulator module to transmit power information; the voltage regulator module is connected with the sensor node module to transmit stable voltage information; the energy storage module is connected with the sensor node module to transmit monitoring information; the sensor node module is connected with the power selection module to transmit control information; and the energy storage module comprises a solar panel, a capacitor module, a charging management module and a lithium polymer battery. The invention can effectively reduce charge-discharge frequency, prolong the service life of the node, ensure simple integral circuit design and lower the energy loss.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of system and method thereof of wireless communication technology field, specifically is a kind of wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system and autonomous method thereof.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is since phase late 1990s proposes research, because its huge using value has caused the very big concern of various countries military services, industrial quarters and academia.System compares with legacy network, and wireless sensor network on a large scale, characteristics such as laying, multi-hop communication mode, self-organizing and collaborative work make it at numerous areas such as military affairs, industry, household, environment wide application prospect be arranged all at random.Wireless sensor network node mostly is greatly to sow at random and lays, and owing to environment reason such as abominable or node motion, each node generally adopts the disposable battery power supply, maybe can't change in case lay back battery altering difficulty.For these reasons, the energy supply of node is the emphasis of studying in the wireless sensor network technology with management always.Along with going deep into of research, although can reduce energy consumption to a certain extent by optimizing measures such as network configuration and reduction node power consumption, but can't fundamentally solve the depleted of energy problem of node, open up a new direction for the solution of this class problem and utilize the collection of energy technology from surrounding environment, to gather utilisable energy continuously.
The collection of energy technology comprises the various technology of obtaining energy from resources such as illumination, vibration, the temperature difference and mechanical movement.Wherein, luminous energy, especially solar energy have obtained the most general application with its high energy density and ripe development technique.Nowadays, the every field during solar electric power supply system has been widely used in producing, living, but these powerful electric power systems all are not suitable for being applied to wireless sensor network from cost, installation and service efficiency equal angles.And existing design limitation at the small-sized solar electric power system is in utilizing solar energy directly to be the mode of rechargeable battery charging, this mode has prolonged service time to a certain extent, but, there are a lot of defectives in efficient with on useful life because frequently discharging and recharging of battery causes its performance degradation to accelerate.Therefore, energy supply system efficiently reasonable in design how, with energy supply that guarantees node and the useful life that prolongs node, just becoming needs the major issue that solves.
Through existing literature search is found, Chinese patent application number is: 200610114706.6, name is called: the self-powered micro-system that a kind of photovoltaic energy and sensor node are integrated, this technology adopts photovoltaic cell and lithium ion battery to give the sensor node circuit supply jointly, prolonged the operating time of node, but owing to use photovoltaic cell to be lithium cell charging simply in the circuit design by charging chip, do not consider the utilization ratio of energy and frequently discharging and recharging the life-span of battery, on energy management and circuit design, exist not enough.
Find by retrieval again, Chinese patent application number is: 200610114708.5 and 200710117796.9, title is respectively: the integrated autonomous micro-system of photovoltaic-temperature difference micro energy sources and wireless sensor network node and a kind of sensor node energy management system, all adopted photovoltaic cell and thermoelectric cell to constitute the dual energy converting system in these two kinds of technology, utilized environmental energy better, but designed circuit all carries out energy management by extra increase single-chip microcomputer and AD converter in two kinds of technology, complicated design must cause overall power to increase, efficient reduces, and utilizes existence not enough in energy management and efficient.
Also find by retrieval, Chinese patent application number is: 200710065331.3, name is called: a kind of energy supply device of sensor node in wireless network and method, this technology discloses a kind of power supply and method of wireless sensor network node, but it discloses insufficient, exploitativeness can not be confirmed, and the energy state monitoring is not included in the wireless sensor network system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system and autonomous method thereof are provided.The present invention includes energy autonomy method in the wireless sensor network system in, utilize and reuse long super capacitor and the high lithium polymer battery of energy density of life-span, and be aided with power supply and select module, prolong the continuous useful life of system effectively, solved the energy supply difficult problem of wireless sensor network node.
The wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system that the present invention relates to comprises: energy storage module, power supply are selected module, Voltage stabilizing module and sensor node module, wherein: energy storage module and power supply are selected the module transmission of power information that links to each other, power supply selection module links to each other with Voltage stabilizing module and transmits power information, Voltage stabilizing module links to each other with the sensor node module and transmits stable information of voltage, the energy storage module transmission of monitoring information that links to each other with the sensor node module, sensor node module and power supply are selected the module transmission of control signals that links to each other.
Described energy storage module comprises: solar panel, capacitance module, charge management module and lithium polymer battery, wherein: solar panel links to each other with capacitance module and transmits solar energy, capacitance module links to each other with charge management module and transmits power information and control information, electric capacity and power supply are selected the module control information transmission that links to each other, electric capacity links to each other with the sensor node module and transmits the capacitance simulation voltage signal, lithium polymer battery links to each other with charge management module and transmits power information and control information, lithium polymer battery and power supply are selected the module control information transmission that links to each other, and lithium polymer battery links to each other with the sensor node module and transmits the lithium polymer battery voltage signal.
Described capacitance module is the electric capacity of some series connection.
Described sensor node module comprises: processor module, jtag interface module, RF functional interface module and expanded function interface module, wherein: processor module links to each other with the jtag interface module and transmits programming and detecting information, the transmission system function control information that links to each other with the expanded function interface module of the processor module transmitting radio frequency signal process information that links to each other with the RF functional interface module, processor module.
The autonomous method of the above-mentioned wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system that the present invention relates to comprises that step is as follows:
The first step, during system start-up, it is the capacitance module charging that power supply selects module to select solar panel, after energy that capacitance module has reaches the energy requirement of sensor node module, the energy of capacitance module provides energy through Voltage stabilizing module for the sensor node module, and the sensor node module is started working.
Second step, the voltage of sensor node module monitors capacitance module and lithium polymer battery, and the voltage of capacitance module and lithium polymer battery is carried out energy judge, thereby to select module to select capacitance module or lithium polymer battery be the sensor node module for power supply to sensor node module controls power supply.
Described energy judgement, specifically: when the capacitance module energy state does not satisfy sensor node module energy requirement, switch to the lithium polymer battery power supply, and capacitance module is by the solar panel makeup energy; When the capacitance module energy state reaches the node energy demand, the sensor node module switches to the capacitance module powering mode, capacitance module is by the solar panel makeup energy, and capacitance module is the lithium polymer battery charging simultaneously, when the voltage of lithium polymer battery during greater than threshold value V, capacitance module stops to be the lithium polymer battery charging that the energy of consumption replenishes by the solar panel charging; Under the capacitance module powering mode, when can not satisfying sensor node module energy requirement, the capacitance module state switches to the lithium polymer battery power supply once more.
In the 3rd step, the sensor node module is finished power supply and is selected the back operate as normal, enters resting state to save energy at the idle period of working.
The 4th step according to the time interval t that sets, repeated for second step and the 3rd step successively, guaranteed the normal power supply and the work of sensor node module.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt two-stage energy accumulator structure, the electric capacity of life-span length is as the prime energy accumulator, lithium polymer battery is as back level energy accumulator, be aided with automatic power and select module, can reduce discharging and recharging number of times effectively, prolong the useful life of node; The integrated circuit simplicity of design has reduced energy loss; Energy supply system is combined with sensor node system, only need carry out software loading is connected with corresponding hardware module and can realizes the wireless sensor network communication function, be convenient to the system capacity management, help the modularization of sensor node circuit, the intellectuality of energy management; The energy state monitoring is included in the wireless sensor network system, and overall structure is more reasonable, and its implementation is confirmed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the system circuit diagram of embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system that present embodiment relates to comprises: solar panel 1, capacitance module 2, charge management module 3, lithium polymer battery 4, power supply is selected module 5, Voltage stabilizing module 6 and sensor node module 7, wherein: the solar panel 1 transmission of power information that links to each other with capacitance module 2, the capacitance module 2 transmission of power information that links to each other with charge management module 3, capacitance module 2 and power supply are selected the module 5 transmission of power information that links to each other, the charge management module 3 transmission of power information that links to each other with lithium polymer battery 4, lithium polymer battery 4 and power supply are selected the module 5 transmission of power information that links to each other, power supply is selected the module 5 transmission of power information that links to each other with Voltage stabilizing module 6, the Voltage stabilizing module 6 transmission of power information that links to each other with sensor node module 7, the sensor node module 7 transmission voltage signal that links to each other with capacitance module 2, the sensor node module 7 transmission voltage signal that links to each other with lithium polymer battery 4, sensor node module 7 and power supply are selected module 5 transmission of control signals that links to each other.
The system circuit diagram of present embodiment is as shown in Figure 2:
Described solar panel 1 is single solar panel, be of a size of 40mm * 80mm, crest voltage is 4.8V, open circuit voltage 5 is .5V, short circuit current is 80mA, by interface JP1, the positive pole of solar panel 1 links to each other with the positive pole of diode D1 (SS24), and the negative pole of solar panel 1 links to each other with ground.
Described capacitance module 2 is two same capacitance C1 and C2 polyphone, and each capacitance voltage is 2.7V, and capacity is 25F, and the positive pole of capacitor C 1 links to each other with the negative pole of diode D1, and the negative pole of capacitor C 1 links to each other with the positive pole of capacitor C 2, and the negative pole of capacitor C 2 links to each other with ground.
Described charge management module 3 adopts lithium cell charging managing chip BQ2057C, wherein: capacitor C 1 positive pole, resistance R 1, the pin VCC of BQ2057C and an end of pin COMP and capacitor C 4 link to each other in the negative pole of diode D1 and the capacitance module 2, and the other end of capacitor C 4 links to each other with ground; The positive pole of lithium polymer battery 4 links to each other with the negative pole of pin BAT, the diode D2 (SS24) of BQ2057C and an end of capacitor C 3, and the other end of capacitor C 3 links to each other with ground; The pin CC of BQ2057C links to each other with the grid of PMOS pipe Q1 (A03401), and the source electrode of PMOS pipe Q1 links to each other with the pin SNS of resistance R 1 and BQ2057C, and the drain electrode of PMOS pipe Q1 links to each other with the positive pole of diode D2; The pin STAT of BQ2057C links to each other with resistance R 2, and the other end of resistance R 2 links to each other with LED light DS1, indicates charged state; The pin VSS of BQ2057C links to each other with ground.Whole charging process and state show to be realized separately by BQ2057C, and can adjust charging current by the resistance of adjusting resistance R 1.
Described lithium polymer battery 4 is single lithium polymer battery, cell voltage is 3.7V, capacity is 300mAh, by interface JP2, the negative pole of pin BAT, the diode D2 of BQ2057C and an end of capacitor C 3 link to each other in the positive pole of lithium polymer battery 4 and the charge management module 3, and the negative pole of lithium polymer battery 4 links to each other with ground.
The module 5 of selecting described power supply adopts two-way analog switch chip MAX4544 to finish the selection function of power supply, and wherein: the pin NC of MAX4544 links to each other with the positive pole of capacitor C 1 in the capacitance module 2; The pin NO of MAX4544 links to each other with the positive pole of lithium polymer battery 4; The pin COM of MAX4544 links to each other with the pin IN of voltage stabilizing chip MIC5209 in the Voltage stabilizing module 6; The pin GND of MAX4544 links to each other with ground; The pin V+ of MAX4544 links to each other with negative pole and the resistance R 4 of the negative pole of diode D3 (1N4148), diode D4 (1N4148), the other end of resistance R 4 links to each other with ground, the positive pole of diode D3 links to each other with the positive pole of lithium polymer battery 4, the positive pole of diode D4 links to each other with the positive pole of capacitor C 1 in the capacitance module 2, guarantee that as long as lithium polymer battery 4 or capacitance module 2 arbitrary power supply that provides in the two MAX4544 can both operate as normal; The pin IN of MAX4544 links to each other with pin P2.0 and the resistance R 3 of processor MSP430F2418 in the sensor node module 7, the other end of resistance R 3 links to each other with ground, sensor node module 7 is by the IO interface of processor MSP430F2418, the NO or the NC that send commands for controlling MAX4544 are communicated with COM, to select suitable power supply.
Described Voltage stabilizing module 6 adopts voltage stabilizing chip MIC5209 to realize stable 3.3V output, and wherein: the pin IN of MIC5209 selects the pin COM of MAX4544 in the module 5 to link to each other with power supply; The pin DVCC of processor MSP430F2418 links to each other with AVCC in the pin OUT of MIC5209 and the sensor node module 7; The pin GND of MIC5209 links to each other with ground.
Described sensor node module 7 comprises: processor module, jtag interface module, RF functional interface module and expanded function interface module, wherein: processor module links to each other with the jtag interface module and transmits programming and detecting information, the transmission system function control information that links to each other with the expanded function interface module of the processor module transmitting radio frequency signal process information that links to each other with the RF functional interface module, processor module.
Sensor node module 7 adopts super low-power consumption 16 bit processor MSP430F2418 to finish the allomeric function of system in the present embodiment, and wherein: the pin DVCC of MSP430F2418 links to each other with the pin OUT of MIC5209 in the Voltage stabilizing module 6 with AVCC; The pin P6.5 of MSP430F2418 and pin P6.6 are the AD translation interface, link to each other with the positive pole of capacitor C 1 and the positive pole of lithium polymer battery 4 in the capacitance module 2 respectively; The pin P2.0 of MSP430F2418 makes the IO interface and uses, and selects the pin IN of MAX4544 in the module 5 to be connected with power supply, and the supply that sends instruction realization power supply is selected; All the other function pins of MSP430F2418 lead to RF functional interface, expanded function interface and jtag interface respectively, can be according to concrete application demand expanded function.This modularized design not only is integrated into energy management among the total system, can satisfy the application function demand of system simultaneously again neatly.
The autonomous method of the above-mentioned wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system that present embodiment relates to comprises that step is as follows:
The first step, system is in initial condition, and power supply selects the pin NC of MAX4544 in the module 5 to be communicated with COM, promptly selects capacitance module 2 as initial power supply, as long as node gets final product work when with assurance illumination being arranged.At this moment, solar panel 1 is capacitance module 2 charging, after reaching the sensor node operating voltage and requiring, provides energy through Voltage stabilizing module 6 for sensor node module 7, and sensor node module 7 starts the EMS program running.
Second step, after sensor node module 7 starts, by the AD interface monitoring capacitance module 2 of processor MSP430F2418 inside and the voltage of lithium polymer battery 4, through energy option program logic determines, send the commands for controlling power supply by its inner IO interface and select module to select suitable power work.Concrete deterministic process is: when the voltage of capacitance module 2 during less than preset threshold V, select the IO interface that MAX4544 links to each other in the module 5 to send instruction by processor MSP430F2418 inside and power supply, the pin NO of control MAX4544 is communicated with COM, promptly switch to lithium polymer battery 4 power supplies, at this moment, capacitance module 2 is by solar panel 1 makeup energy; When the voltage of capacitance module 2 is greater than or equal to preset threshold, switch to capacitance module 2 powering modes, at this moment, capacitance module 2 is 7 power supplies of sensor node module and is lithium polymer battery 4 chargings that the energy of consumption replenishes by solar panel 1 charging simultaneously; Under capacitance module 2 powering modes, when the voltage of capacitance module 2 switches to lithium polymer battery 4 power supplies during less than preset threshold V once more; Under lithium polymer battery 4 powering modes, when the voltage of lithium polymer battery 4 switches to capacitance module 2 power supplies during less than the protection threshold value set, to play the effect of protection lithium polymer battery.The energy of lithium polymer battery 4 is its charging by charge management module 3 by its special-purpose charging circuit management automatically when cell voltage is low to moderate set point and satisfies charge condition, otherwise then stops charging.
In the 3rd step, sensor node module 7 is finished power supply and is selected the back operate as normal, enters resting state to save energy at the idle period of working.
The 4th step according to the time interval t that sets, repeated for second step and the 3rd step successively, guaranteed the normal power supply and the work of sensor node module 7.
Present embodiment is under the illumination condition of 3 to 4 hours every days, (the rechargeable battery life-span was generally 4 to 5 years in about 4 to 5 years with 10% work duty ratio continuous service can to guarantee sensor node module 7, if rechargeable battery then still can use, then the operating time is longer), can also further prolong working time of node by reducing modes such as node communication frequency.
Claims (5)
1. wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system, comprise: energy storage module, power supply is selected module, Voltage stabilizing module and sensor node module, wherein: energy storage module and power supply are selected the module transmission of power information that links to each other, power supply selection module links to each other with Voltage stabilizing module and transmits power information, Voltage stabilizing module links to each other with the sensor node module and transmits stable information of voltage, the energy storage module transmission of monitoring information that links to each other with the sensor node module, sensor node module and power supply are selected the module transmission of control signals that links to each other, it is characterized in that
Described energy storage module comprises: solar panel, capacitance module, charge management module and lithium polymer battery, wherein: solar panel links to each other with capacitance module and transmits solar energy, capacitance module links to each other with charge management module and transmits power information and control information, electric capacity and power supply are selected the module control information transmission that links to each other, electric capacity links to each other with the sensor node module and transmits the capacitance simulation voltage signal, lithium polymer battery links to each other with charge management module and transmits power information and control information, lithium polymer battery and power supply are selected the module control information transmission that links to each other, and lithium polymer battery links to each other with the sensor node module and transmits the lithium polymer battery voltage signal.
2. wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described capacitance module is the electric capacity of some series connection.
3. wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensor node module comprises: processor module, jtag interface module, RF functional interface module and expanded function interface module, wherein: processor module links to each other with the jtag interface module and transmits programming and detecting information, the transmission system function control information that links to each other with the expanded function interface module of the processor module transmitting radio frequency signal process information that links to each other with the RF functional interface module, processor module.
4. the autonomous method of a wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomous system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises that step is as follows:
The first step, during system start-up, it is the capacitance module charging that power supply selects module to select solar panel, after energy that capacitance module has reaches the energy requirement of sensor node module, the energy of capacitance module provides energy through Voltage stabilizing module for the sensor node module, and the sensor node module is started working;
Second step, the voltage of sensor node module monitors capacitance module and lithium polymer battery, and the voltage of capacitance module and lithium polymer battery is carried out energy judge, thereby to select module to select capacitance module or lithium polymer battery be the sensor node module for power supply to sensor node module controls power supply;
In the 3rd step, the sensor node module is finished power supply and is selected the back operate as normal, enters resting state to save energy at the idle period of working;
The 4th step according to the time interval t that sets, repeated for second step and the 3rd step successively, guaranteed the normal power supply and the work of sensor node module.
5. wireless sensor network node photovoltaic energy autonomy method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described energy is judged, specifically: when the capacitance module energy state does not satisfy sensor node module energy requirement, switch to the lithium polymer battery power supply, and capacitance module is by the solar panel makeup energy; When the capacitance module energy state reaches the node energy demand, the sensor node module switches to the capacitance module powering mode, capacitance module is by the solar panel makeup energy, and capacitance module is the lithium polymer battery charging simultaneously, when the voltage of lithium polymer battery during greater than threshold value V, capacitance module stops to be the lithium polymer battery charging that the energy of consumption replenishes by the solar panel charging; Under the capacitance module powering mode, when can not satisfying sensor node module energy requirement, the capacitance module state switches to the lithium polymer battery power supply once more.
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Application publication date: 20100818 |