CN102306949B - Energy self-supply method and device for sensor network node - Google Patents
Energy self-supply method and device for sensor network node Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy self-supply device for a sensor network node. The device comprises an energy storage unit and an energy management unit. The energy storage unit comprises a main energy storage unit and a standby energy storage unit. The energy management unit is suitable for detecting the energy state of each of the main and standby energy storage unit, selecting one of the main and standby energy storage units according to the state to supply power to an energy consumption unit, selecting the main energy storage unit to supply the power to the energy consumption unit when the energy state of the main energy storage unit meets the working voltage of the energy consumption unit, and selecting the standby energy storage unit to supply the power to the energy consumption unit when the voltage of the main energy storage unit does not meet the working voltage of the energy consumption unit and the energy state of the standby energy storage unit meets the working voltage of the energy consumption unit. The invention also provides an energy self-supply method for the sensor network node. By the device and the method, the working hours of the sensor network node can be greatly increased, and the service life of the node can be prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor network technique, relate in particular to a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with method and apparatus.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network (Wireless sensor network) is one of focus of studying in current IT field, compared with legacy network system, the features such as extensive, the random laying of wireless sensor network, multi-hop communication mode, self-organizing and collaborative work make it at numerous areas such as military affairs, industry, household, environment, all have broad application prospects.
Sensor node is the important composition unit of sensor network, and its working life affects the time-to-live of network.In the sensor network application of most, be all to use dry cell to power for node as Power supply, due to the restriction of volume and cost requirement, the entrained energy content of battery of node is limited, once lay rear battery altering difficulty, maybe cannot change.
For prolonging wireless sensor network working time of node as far as possible, most of system all adopts and reduces as much as possible the power of node unit or reduce the strategy of node work period (Duty Cycle) and reduce the energy that node consumes.These two kinds of methods can extend node useful life to a certain extent, but can not tackle the problem at its root.
If the energy that sensor node can utilize surrounding environment to obtain, has energy from supply capacity, so just can overcome the unidirectional problem of successively decreasing of above-mentioned node energy.The environmental energy generally utilizing at present mainly comprises solar energy, wind energy, heat energy and vibrational energy etc., and wherein solar energy has and the advantage such as is easy to obtain, energy density is high and pollution-free and is widely used.Solar panel is to utilize the photovoltaic effect of interface and the device that luminous energy directly changed into electric energy, can be used as the energy acquisition unit of system.
Therefore, how efficient sensor network energy reasonable in design is from feed system, with the major issue that guarantees the energy supply of node and extend node useful life, just become to need to solve.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with method and apparatus, improves the sensor network nodes operating time, i.e. node useful life.
According to one aspect of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from feedway, comprising: energy storage units, described energy storage units comprises main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit, and energy management unit, be suitable for detecting the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit, and one of them is the power supply of energy consumable unit according to described condition selecting, when the energy state of described main energy storage units meets the operating voltage of energy consumable unit, selecting main energy storage units is the power supply of energy consumable unit, when the voltage of described main energy storage units does not meet the operating voltage of energy consumable unit and the energy state of described backup energy storage unit while meeting the operating voltage of energy consumable unit, selecting backup energy storage unit is the power supply of energy consumable unit.
Optionally, described energy state comprises the energy value that this unit provides, stores and consumes.
Optionally, by main energy storage units, be backup energy storage unit charging.
Optionally, described sensor network nodes energy also comprises from feedway: energy acquisition unit, be connected with energy storage units, be suitable for collect obtain the energy of surrounding environment and by the Energy Transfer of collecting give described energy storage units; It is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging that described energy management unit is also suitable for controlling energy acquisition unit.
Optionally, described energy management unit comprises: energy detection unit, is suitable for the energy state of detected energy collecting unit, energy storage units and energy consumable unit; Select control unit with energy control unit and energy, being suitable for according to the energy of the next autonomous energy storage units of the reception of described state selectivity or backup energy storage unit is the power supply of energy consumable unit, and being also suitable for controlling energy acquisition unit is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging.
Optionally, described energy detection unit comprises: comprise voltage detection unit and current detecting unit; Described voltage detection unit makes to be suitable for resistance, cell voltage dividing potential drop to be detected to be adjusted in the input voltage range that AD conversion unit is applicable to conversion, then according to measuring voltage and virtual voltage corresponding relation, calculates the virtual voltage of to-be-measured cell; Described current detecting unit is suitable for the input and output side series connection sampling resistor in unit to be detected, the current signal that sampling resistor two ends are obtained is sent in current conversion amplifying unit and is transformed and be enlarged into voltage signal, then according to the corresponding relation of measuring voltage and actual current, calculates the actual current of to-be-measured cell.
Optionally, described energy selects control unit to comprise: two-way analog switch chip; Described energy control unit comprises: DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit and processing unit; An input of described two-way analog switch chip connects main energy storage units output, another input connects backup energy storage unit output, the output of two-way analog switch chip connects the input of energy consumable unit, and the control end of two-way analog switch chip is connected with the control interface unit of the processor in processing unit; The output voltage of described energy acquisition unit and output current control are that the reference voltage level that processor arranges comparator by control interface unit completes, the input anode of comparator connects the voltage of solar panel, the negative pole of input connects reference voltage, the switch interface of the output control DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit of comparator, is stabilized in the Voltage-output of energy collecting unit and arranges on the magnitude of voltage pre-seting.
Optionally, described main energy storage units is suitable for supporting to discharge and recharge more frequently operation compared to described backup energy storage unit, and described backup energy storage unit is suitable for having larger energy storage capacity and has less leakage current compared to described main energy storage units.
Another aspect according to the present invention, also provides a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supply method, comprising: step 1, detect the energy state of described main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit; Step 2, judge whether main energy storage units meets node energy supply conditions; If the main energy storage units of step 3 meets node energy supply conditions, by main energy storage units, provide energy for node; If the main energy storage units of step 4 can not meet node energy supply conditions, judge whether backup energy storage unit meets node energy supply conditions; But if can not meet node energy supply conditions backup energy storage unit with the main energy storage units of step 5, meet node energy supply conditions, by backup energy storage unit, provide energy for node.
Optionally, said method also comprises: if the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition, by main energy storage units, backup energy storage unit is charged.
Optionally, said method also comprises: find peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit, then the operating state of energy acquisition unit is arranged on to its peak power output working point, energy collecting unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment and to main energy storage units charging.
Optionally, described main energy storage units is suitable for supporting to discharge and recharge more frequently operation compared to described backup energy storage unit, and described backup energy storage unit is suitable for having larger energy storage capacity and has less leakage current compared to described main energy storage units.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: increase substantially the sensor network nodes operating time, i.e. node useful life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sensor network nodes energy that provides in the one embodiment of the invention structured flowchart from feedway;
Fig. 2 is the sensor network nodes energy that provides in the another embodiment of the present invention structured flowchart from feedway;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the energy detection unit that provides in another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the preferred embodiment schematic diagram of each unit in voltage detection unit 10111 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the preferred embodiment schematic diagram of each unit in current detecting unit 10112 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the energy control unit structured flowchart providing in another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the energy control unit execution mode schematic diagram providing in another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the sensor network nodes energy that provides in the one embodiment of the invention flow chart from supply method.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Inventor finds under study for action, due to the easy climate of solar energy and impact round the clock, and solar cell is generally pressure limiting current source, therefore generally not allowing solar panel is directly separately node power supply, and need to be take energy storage units as intermediary, making solar panel is that energy consumable unit is powered indirectly.Also there is similar defect in the environmental energy of other types, needs energy storage units as intermediary.Meanwhile, in order more to obtain environmental energy, need to make solar panel work in the mode of maximum power output, therefore we need to control solar panel and be operated in maximum power point (mpp).Energy storage units Main Function is the energy that stored energy collecting unit gathers, and directly for energy consumable unit provides energy.General available energy storage units comprises electric capacity and rechargeable battery, rechargeable battery generally has the features such as high-energy-density, low-leakage current, but it has the limited number of times that discharges and recharges, can cause node battery charging and discharging number of times too much cannot charge and affect node working; Although electric capacity has the ability that can unlimitedly discharge and recharge, its energy density is low, and leakage current is large, causes capacity usage ratio not high.If can form efficient two-stage energy storage module in conjunction with thering is the battery that infinitely discharges and recharges the electric capacity of number of times and high-energy-density, low-leakage current, can realize and significantly extend the sensor network nodes object in useful life, solving in existing system exists energy storage units form single, environmental energy gathers, utilance is not high, the deficiencies such as energy management method poor efficiency.
According to above-mentioned discovery, the invention provides a kind of energy storage units that adopts two-level memory structure, comprise main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit.Wherein, main energy storage units can be the chargeable device with following characteristic: the first, from energy acquisition unit, obtain energy, simultaneously for energy consumable unit provides energy; The second, need to support to discharge and recharge frequently operation; When the depleted of energy of main energy storage units, need to use backup energy storage unit to power for node.Backup energy storage unit can be the chargeable device with following characteristic: the first, the in the situation that of main energy storage units depleted of energy, can power for a long time for node; The second, need to there is stronger energy storage capacity, require its leakage current as far as possible little.The charging requirement of main energy storage module (for example electric capacity) is not high, generally uses energy acquisition module for its charging.For example, and the charging requirement of standby energy storage module (rechargeable battery) is higher, the lithium battery using take system is as example, general charging process comprises constant voltage charge and constant current charge, therefore can not use the solar panel of pressure limiting current source for it is directly in charging, be its charging and use the more stable electric capacity of voltage and current.
Utilize above-mentioned energy storage units, in one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from feedway.As shown in Figure 1, described device 100 comprises: energy management unit 101 and energy storage units 102.Energy management unit 101 is connected with energy consumable unit 200, energy acquisition unit 300 and energy storage units 102 respectively, and is connected with energy storage units 102 signals.
Wherein, energy management unit 101 is suitable for the energy that management gathers from energy acquisition unit 300, main energy storage units 1021 in detected energy memory cell 102 and the energy state of backup energy storage unit 1022, according to the state of main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022, selecting one of them is the power supply of energy consumable module.Energy management unit 101 is also suitable for according to described energy state, and the energy that optionally receives autonomous energy storage units 1021 or backup energy storage unit 1022 is that energy consumable unit 200 is powered.In figure, arrow 001,002,003 represents energy flow; Arrow 004 represents signal stream.Energy state is to detect by the voltage and current information to unit, then by what simply calculate out, generally comprises the energy value that this unit provides, stores and consumes.
Wherein, described main energy storage units 1021 is electric capacity, and backup energy storage unit 1022 is rechargeable battery, preferred, by main energy storage units 1021, for backup energy storage unit 1022, charges.
Preferably, described main energy storage units 1021 is selected super capacitor (super capacitor).Super capacitor is again double electric layer capacitor (Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor), gold electric capacity, farad capacitor, by polarization electrolyte, carrys out energy storage.It is a kind of electrochemical element, but in the process of its energy storage, chemical reaction does not occur, and this thermal energy storage process is reversible, also just because of can repeated charge hundreds thousand of times of this ultracapacitor.The advantage of super capacitor mainly comprises: at very little volume, be issued to a capacitance for farad level, charging circuit is compared with battery with controlled discharge circuit and overcharged, crosses to put not its life-span is formed to negative effect, angle consideration from environmental protection especially, it is a kind of green energy resource etc.Therefore use it for main energy storage units and have special advantage.
According to another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from feedway.As shown in Figure 2, described device 100 comprises:
Energy management unit 101, energy storage units 102 and energy acquisition unit 103.Wherein, energy storage units 102 comprises main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022; Energy management unit 101 comprises energy detection unit 1011, energy control unit 1012, circuit protection unit 1013, energy selection control unit 1034 and environmental monitoring unit 1035.Wherein, the energy output of energy acquisition unit 103 is connected with the input of energy storage units 102, the energy output of energy storage units 102 selects control unit 1014 to be connected with the energy input of energy consumable unit 200 by energy, and energy management unit 103 is connected by corresponding control interface with energy acquisition unit 101, energy storage units 102 and energy consumable unit 200.In figure, thick arrow represents energy flow, thin arrow representation signal stream.
Energy acquisition unit 103 is suitable for collecting the energy that obtains surrounding environment, by the stored energy collecting in energy storage units 102, described energy acquisition unit 103 is to adopt the unit that various forms of environmental energies is converted to electric energy, comprise, vibrational energy, wind energy, the environmental energy of the forms such as solar energy.In this example, adopt solar cell to describe as energy acquisition unit.
Energy storage units 102 is suitable for the energy that stored energy collecting unit 103 obtains.
Concrete, energy storage units 102 adopts two-level memory structure, is respectively main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022.
Main energy storage units 1021 obtains energy and for energy consumable unit 200 provides energy, can also provide energy for backup energy storage unit 1022 simultaneously from energy acquisition unit 103.Because needs support has, discharge and recharge very frequently operation, and electric capacity is not limited by charging times, therefore, in example of the present invention, adopt electric capacity to describe as main energy storage units.
When the depleted of energy of main energy storage units 1021, need to use backup energy storage unit 1022 for node power supply.Backup energy storage unit 1022 need to have following functions requirement: the first, the in the situation that of main energy storage units 1021 depleted of energy, can power for a long time for node; The second, need to there is stronger energy storage capacity, require its leakage current as far as possible little; The 3rd, need the number of times that discharges and recharges as much as possible, reach and extend the node life-span.Rechargeable battery all meets above-mentioned requirements substantially, therefore, in example of the present invention, adopts rechargeable battery energy storage units in support.
Energy management unit 101 is suitable for the energy of unit to manage: main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022 that energy management unit 101 is controlled in energy storage units 102 are powered for energy consumable unit 200; Energy management unit 101 is controlled energy acquisition unit 103 for main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022 makeup energy in energy storage units 102; Energy management unit 101 is monitored the energy state of energy acquisition unit 103, energy storage units 102 and energy consumable unit 200.
Concrete, energy management unit 101 comprises energy detection unit 1011, energy control unit 1012, and circuit protection unit 1013, energy is selected control unit 1014 and environmental monitoring unit 1015.
Wherein, energy detection unit 1011 detected energy collecting units 103, the energy state of energy storage units 102 and energy consumable unit 200, detection information comprises the information such as electric current and voltage.
It is that node is selected suitable energy source according to the energy state of unit that energy is selected control unit 1014.
1015 effects of environmental monitoring unit are to measure in real time and provide environmental information.In this example, environmental monitoring unit 1015 comprises aerial temperature and humidity transducer and optical sensor, and air themperature, humidity and illuminance information can be provided.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, energy detection unit 1011 comprises voltage detection unit 10111 and current detecting unit 10112.Voltage detection unit 10111 comprises again solar cell panel voltages detecting unit, capacitance voltage detecting unit, battery voltage detection unit and node voltage detecting unit (being energy consumable unit detecting unit), mainly be connected with the voltage measurement interface of solar panel, electric capacity, battery and node respectively, detect its information of voltage.Current detecting unit 10112 comprises again solar panel output electric current measure unit, electric capacity input and output current detecting unit, battery input and output current detecting unit and node input current detecting unit, respectively with solar panel, electric capacity, the current measuring interface of battery and node is connected, and detects its current information.Here input and output electric current is different, current value when general input current refers to its charging, and output current refers to the current value that it provides for other equipment as power supply.So main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit just have these two kinds of electric currents of input and output electric current.And Power supply unit just only has output current, energy consumable unit just only has input current.
As shown in Figure 4, for each unit in voltage detection unit 10111 preferred embodiment, use precision resister 301 that each cell voltage dividing potential drop is adjusted in the input voltage range that AD conversion unit 302 is applicable to conversion.Processor calculates the virtual voltage of to-be-measured cell again according to voltage corresponding relation afterwards.
As shown in Figure 5, for each unit in current detecting unit 10112 preferred embodiment, at the input and output side series connection sampling resistor 401 of each unit, the current signal again sampling resistor 401 two ends being obtained is sent in current conversion amplifying unit 402 and is transformed and be enlarged into voltage signal, then the voltage signal after conversion is sent into processor by AD conversion unit 403 and process.Processor calculates the actual current of to-be-measured cell according to the corresponding relation of measuring voltage and actual current.
According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 6, energy control unit 1102 comprises voltage control unit 501 and current control unit 502.Voltage control unit 501 comprises again solar cell panel voltages control unit 5011, capacitance voltage control unit 5012, cell voltage control unit 5013 and node voltage control unit 5014, be connected with the voltage control interface of solar panel, electric capacity, battery and node respectively, control the output of its voltage.Current control unit 502 comprises again solar cell output current control unit 5021, electric capacity input and output current control unit 5022, battery input and output current control unit 5023 and node input current control unit 5024, be connected with the Current Control interface of solar panel, electric capacity, battery and node respectively, control the output of its electric current.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from feedway.If Fig. 7 is energy control unit execution mode schematic diagram, wherein, energy acquisition unit is solar panel 601, and energy storage units is electric capacity 603 and rechargeable battery 605, and energy control unit comprises DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602,604,606 and processing unit 607.
Wherein, the energy in energy management unit selects control unit to adopt two-way analog switch chip 610 to realize the selection function of power supply.An input of two-way analog switch chip 610 connects main energy storage units output, another input connects backup energy storage unit output, the output of two-way analog switch chip 610 connects the input of energy consumable unit, and the control end of two-way analog switch chip 610 is connected with the control interface unit 6072 of the processor 6071 in processing unit 607.Guarantee that any can provide power supply in the two for main energy storage units or backup energy storage unit.It is node power supply that processor 6071 is selected suitable energy storage units according to the energy-state control control interface unit of energy storage units.Energy consumable unit refers to wireless sensor network node.
Wherein, the output voltage of solar panel 601 and output current control are processor 6071 arranges comparator 608 reference voltage levels by control interface unit 6072, the input anode of comparator 608 connects the voltage of solar panel, the negative pole of input connects reference voltage, the switch interface of the output control DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602 of comparator 608, the Voltage-output that just can control solar panel by such mode is stabilized in and arranges on the magnitude of voltage pre-seting; The voltage control of electric capacity 603 is that processor 6071 is arranged and controlled by the voltage control interface 6021 of DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602 by control interface unit 6072; The electric current of electric capacity 603 is that processor 6071 is arranged and controlled by the Current Control interface 6022 of DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602 by control interface unit 6072; The voltage of rechargeable battery 605 is that processor 6071 is arranged and controlled by the voltage control interface 6041 of DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 604 by control interface unit 6072.The electric current of battery 605 is that processor 6071 is arranged and controlled by the Current Control interface 6042 of DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 604 by control interface unit 6072.The voltage of sensor network nodes 607 is that processor 6071 is controlled and arranged by the voltage control interface 6061 of DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 606 (its other end should connect the power interface of energy consumable unit) by control interface unit 6072.
According to one embodiment of the invention, energy acquisition unit is solar panel, applies above-mentioned energy as follows to the process of node power supply from feedway:
(daytime) starts whole system, and first system adopts backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery is node power supply;
The maximum power point (mpp) operating state of solar panel is found in energy management unit operation, and controls solar panel and be operated on its maximum power point (mpp);
The energy that solar panel obtains is main energy storage units capacitor charging;
Energy management unit is by the voltage and current homenergic state of the main energy storage units electric capacity of monitoring and backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery, when main energy storage units electric capacity is full of after energy, by energy management unit control simulation switch, selecting main energy storage units is that Power supply node is powered, and reduces the use of margin of energy storage device rechargeable battery as far as possible;
Energy management unit is monitored the energy state of backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery simultaneously, is its makeup energy, and it keeps full energy state at any time as far as possible;
At night, unglazed photograph in the situation that, use the energy of electric capacity mid point electric capacity, it's night are past the general enough node degrees of energy of the capacitance stores of selecting;
Having daytime after illumination, continue to utilize electricity energy harvester to collect environmental energy, is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit makeup energy.The environmental energy of collecting for general one day enough node is used and is that electric capacity is full of electricity, and the general like this backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery that can not use is powered for node.
The enough node work of the energy some months of backup energy storage unit.Even if node crashes because energy has been consumed, after waiting environmental energy abundant, can utilize again environmental energy to restart.
According to another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes, comprise that the sensor network node energy is from feedway, and energy consumable unit.
Wherein, energy consumable unit comprises processing module, radio frequency unit, memory cell etc.Processing module and above-mentioned processing unit can pass through a microprogram control unit (MCU, Microprogrammed Control Unit) realize, microprogram control unit is that CPU, RAM, ROM, timer, multiple I/O interface and analog-to-digital conversion unit are integrated on chip piece, forms the computer of chip-scale.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supply method.As shown in Figure 8, the method comprises:
S1: start sensor network energy, from supplying with node system, turns to S2;
S2: judge that whether environment collecting unit energy is sufficient, if satisfied condition, turns to S3.If do not satisfied condition, turn to S4;
S3: starting energy acquisition unit is main energy storage units charging, turns to S4;
S4: judge whether main energy storage units meets node energy supply conditions, if satisfied condition, turns to S5, if do not satisfied condition, turns to S6;
S5: start main energy storage units for node provides energy, turn to S9;
S6: judge whether backup energy storage unit meets node energy supply conditions, if satisfied condition, turns to S7, if do not satisfied condition, turns to S8;
S7: start backup energy storage unit for node provides energy, turn to S9;
S8: energy enters deadlock state from feedway, turns to S2;
S9: detect the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit, turn to S10;
S10: the energy state that judges backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition, if satisfied condition, turns to S11; If do not satisfied condition, turn to S2;
S11: backup energy storage unit is implemented to energy supplement, turn to S12;
S12: the energy state that judges backup energy storage unit reaches the condition of completely filling, if satisfied condition, turns to S13; If do not satisfied condition, turn to S2;
S13: stop backup energy storage unit implementing energy supplement, turn to S2.
Wherein, the main energy storage units of node is electric capacity, and backup energy storage unit is rechargeable battery.The charging requirement of rechargeable battery is higher, its charging process needs constant voltage charge and constant current charge, and energy acquisition unit power supply is generally pressure limiting current source, voltage instability, be difficult to meet the charging requirement of rechargeable battery, main energy storage units electric capacity is not high to charging requirement simultaneously, and voltage is more stable; Therefore, the charging modes adopting in the present embodiment is: by energy acquisition unit, be that main energy storage units charges, main energy storage units is backup energy storage unit charging again.
In step S4, judge that can main energy storage units furnish good supplies to comprise: whether the voltage that judges main energy storage units reaches node energy consumable unit required voltage.
In step S5, S7, for providing energy, node comprises: be the energy consumable unit power supply of node.
Step S9 detects the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit for periodically detecting, and the cycle is generally 15 minutes and can be configured as required.
In step S10, because backup energy storage unit generally has the limited number of times that discharges and recharges, so by judging whether backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition and discharge and recharge number of times to save, and Rule of judgment comprises: the first, whether reach the magnitude of voltage that needs charging; The second, in the time of main energy storage units, having enough energy is backup energy storage unit charging.Step S10 judges that the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition for periodically judgement, and the cycle is generally 15 minutes and can be configured as required.
Step S12 judges that the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches the condition of completely filling for periodically judgement, and the cycle is generally 15 minutes and can be configured as required.
Further, in order to make full use of solar energy or other environmental energy, the maximized environmental energy that obtains, can also be arranged on the operating state of energy acquisition unit on its peak power output working point.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supply method, be not with its of said method, step S3 comprises:
S301: find peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit, then the operating state of energy acquisition unit is arranged on to its peak power output working point;
S302: energy acquisition unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment, to main energy storage units charging.
In the present embodiment for the maximum power output control of solar energy, but other forms of environmental energy generally also has maximum power point (mpp) control method, and the control of carrying out maximum power point is mainly maximizedly to obtain environmental energy.
Should be noted that and understand, in the situation that not departing from the desired the spirit and scope of the present invention of accompanying claim, can make various modifications and improvement to the present invention of foregoing detailed description.Therefore, the scope of claimed technical scheme is not subject to the restriction of given any specific exemplary teachings.
Claims (7)
1. sensor network nodes energy, from a feedway, comprising:
Energy storage units; Described energy storage units comprises main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit;
Energy acquisition unit, is connected with energy storage units, be suitable for collect obtain the energy of surrounding environment and by the Energy Transfer of collecting give described energy storage units; With
Energy management unit, be suitable for detecting the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit, and one of them is the power supply of energy consumable unit according to described condition selecting, when the energy state of described main energy storage units meets the operating voltage of energy consumable unit, selecting main energy storage units is the power supply of energy consumable unit, when the voltage of described main energy storage units does not meet the operating voltage of energy consumable unit and the energy state of described backup energy storage unit while meeting the operating voltage of energy consumable unit, selecting backup energy storage unit is the power supply of energy consumable unit, also being suitable for controlling energy acquisition unit is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging,
Described energy management unit comprises: energy detection unit, is suitable for the energy state of detected energy collecting unit, energy storage units and energy consumable unit;
Described energy detection unit comprises: comprise voltage detection unit and current detecting unit, described voltage detection unit comprises energy acquisition cell voltage detecting unit, main energy storage units voltage detection unit, backup energy storage unit voltage detection unit and energy consumable unit detecting unit, be connected with the voltage measurement interface of described energy acquisition unit, main energy storage units, backup energy storage unit and energy consumable unit respectively, described current detecting unit comprises output electric current measure unit, energy acquisition unit, main energy storage units input and output current detecting unit, backup energy storage unit input and output current detecting unit and energy consumable unit input current detecting unit, respectively with energy acquisition unit, main energy storage units, backup energy storage unit is connected with the current measuring interface of energy consumable unit, wherein, the current value when input current of described main energy storage units or backup energy storage unit is this main energy storage units or backup energy storage unit charging, and the output current of described main energy storage units or backup energy storage unit is the current value that described main energy storage units or backup energy storage unit provide for other equipment as power supply, described voltage detection unit makes to be suitable for resistance, cell voltage dividing potential drop to be detected to be adjusted in the input voltage range that AD conversion unit is applicable to conversion, then according to measuring voltage and virtual voltage corresponding relation, calculates the virtual voltage of to-be-measured cell,
Described current detecting unit is suitable for the input and output side series connection sampling resistor in unit to be detected, the current signal that sampling resistor two ends are obtained is sent in current conversion amplifying unit and is transformed and be enlarged into voltage signal, then according to the corresponding relation of measuring voltage and actual current, calculates the actual current of to-be-measured cell;
Described energy management unit also comprises: energy control unit; Described energy control unit comprises voltage control unit and current control unit; Described voltage control unit comprises energy acquisition cell voltage control unit, main energy storage units voltage control unit, backup energy storage unit voltage control unit and energy consumable unit voltage control unit, is connected respectively with the voltage control interface of energy acquisition unit, main energy storage units, backup energy storage unit and energy consumable unit; Current control unit comprises energy acquisition unit output current control unit, main energy storage units input and output current control unit, backup energy storage unit input and output current control unit and backup energy storage unit input current control unit, is connected respectively with the Current Control interface of energy acquisition unit, main energy storage units, backup energy storage unit and energy consumable unit; Described energy management unit is also applicable to find peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit, then the operating state of energy acquisition unit is arranged on to its peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment and to main energy storage units charging.
2. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 is from feedway, and described energy state comprises the energy value that this unit provides, stores and consumes.
3. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1, from feedway, wherein, is backup energy storage unit charging by main energy storage units.
4. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 is from feedway, and described energy management unit also comprises: energy is selected control unit;
Described energy control unit and energy are selected control unit, being suitable for according to the energy of the next autonomous energy storage units of the reception of described state selectivity or backup energy storage unit is the power supply of energy consumable unit, and being also suitable for controlling energy acquisition unit is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging.
5. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 4 is from feedway, and described energy selects control unit to comprise: two-way analog switch chip; Described energy control unit comprises: DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit and processing unit;
An input of described two-way analog switch chip connects main energy storage units output, another input connects backup energy storage unit output, the output of two-way analog switch chip connects the input of energy consumable unit, and the control end of two-way analog switch chip is connected with the control interface unit of the processor in processing unit;
The output voltage of described energy acquisition unit and output current control are that the reference voltage level that processor arranges comparator by control interface unit completes, the input anode of comparator connects the voltage of solar panel, the negative pole of input connects reference voltage, the switch interface of the output control DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit of comparator, is stabilized in the Voltage-output of energy collecting unit and arranges on the magnitude of voltage pre-seting.
Based on sensor network nodes energy claimed in claim 1 from the sensor network nodes energy of feedway from a supply method, comprising:
Step 1, detect the energy state of described main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit;
Step 2, judge whether main energy storage units meets node energy supply conditions;
If the main energy storage units of step 3 meets node energy supply conditions, by main energy storage units, provide energy for node;
If the main energy storage units of step 4 can not meet node energy supply conditions, judge whether backup energy storage unit meets node energy supply conditions; With
If but the main energy storage units of step 5 can not meet node energy supply conditions backup energy storage unit, meet node energy supply conditions, by backup energy storage unit, provide energy for node;
Described sensor network nodes energy is from supply method, also comprise: find peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit, then the operating state of energy acquisition unit is arranged on to its peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment and to main energy storage units charging.
7. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 6, from supply method, also comprises:
If the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition, by main energy storage units, backup energy storage unit is charged.
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