CN103259323A - Wireless sensor network (WSN) node self-powered system based on solar energy-wind energy complementation - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network (WSN) node self-powered system based on solar energy-wind energy complementation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless sensor network (WSN) node self-powered system based on solar energy-wind energy complementation. The system mainly comprises a solar energy acquisition module, a piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module, a super-capacitor energy storage module and an interface circuit, wherein the solar energy acquisition module acquires luminous energy in the environment through a solar cell panel, the piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module acquires wind energy in the environment, the super-capacitor energy storage module stores the acquired energy into a super capacitor, and the interface circuit provides a channel for energy storage and WSN node power supply. In addition, in order to improve acquisition efficiency of the wind energy acquisition module and reduce influences of a wind direction, a vertical axis piezoelectric type scheme is adopted by the wind energy acquisition module. Due to the facts that rechargeable times of a lithium cell are limited, and in the process of acquisition of environmental energy, charging and discharging are frequent, the super capacitor in the system is used for replacing the lithium cell to serve as a system energy storage unit, and the service life of the energy storage unit can be prolonged. The WSN node self-powered system can collect energy in the environment, does not need to conduct maintenance on a cell, such as cell replacement and charging, therefore prolongs service life of a node, and solves the energy supply problem of a WSN.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication and broadcast technology field, relate to a kind of WSN(wireless sensor network based on the solar-wind energy complementation) Self Powered Device of node, be mainly used in the energy of WSN node from supplying with.
Background technology
Along with the development of wireless sensor network technology, wireless sensor network is advantage such as strong and low energy consumption with its cheapness, convenience, autgmentability, is widely used in fields such as military affairs, aviation, explosion-proof, the disaster relief, environment, medical treatment, health care, household, industry, commerce.The wireless sensor network wireless network that to be a large amount of static or mobile transducers constitute in the mode of self-organizing and multi-hop, its objective is that perception collaboratively, collection, processing and transmission network cover the monitoring information of perceptive object in the geographic area, and report to the user.
Traditional wireless sensor network node uses dry cell or rechargeable battery that energy is provided usually, but because the finite capacity of battery, needs regularly replace battery or are battery charge.Yet many in sensor node quantity, have a very wide distribution, under environment is abominable, the position the is remote situation, change battery or will seem loaded down with trivial details unusually for this work of battery charge, the original intention that is convenient for people to live with wireless sensor network is disagreed undoubtedly.And when using rechargeable battery, rechargeable battery often reached useful life before sensor node loses efficacy, influenced the long-time use of sensor node greatly.Therefore exploitation is imperative based on the environmentally friendly wireless sensor network self-contained electric system of environmental energy collection.
The energy that can gather in the environment generally has following several: solar energy, wind energy, heat energy, vibrational energy, electromagnetic energy etc.For multi-form energy, it is all inequality to enrich degree and acquisition principle, wherein the enrich degree of solar energy in environment can reach under the 100mW/cm2(illumination), the energy density of wind energy is that (1mW/cm2) other forms of energy is generally at the μ W/cm2 order of magnitude.Along with the development of solar panel technology with popularize, the collection of solar energy is comparatively convenient, and solar panel that is of a size of 95*95mm peak power output in the sun can reach 1W.Wind-driven generator is generally used in the collection of wind energy, and traditional wind power plant volume is big, energy transformation ratio is low, the interference wireless signal output that generates an electromagnetic field, and therefore is not suitable for the self-contained electric system of sensor node.The piezoelectric type wind-driven generator refers to do the wind collecting equipment that forces vibration to produce electric energy by the cam driven beam type piezoelectric vibrator that is installed on the flabellum rotating shaft, this wind collecting plant capacity conversion ratio height, no electromagnetic interference and being applicable in the micromodule equipment.
Electrical energy storage device commonly used has two kinds of battery and electric capacity.Common rechargeable battery generally has lead accumulator, nickel-cadmium cell, Ni-MH battery and lithium battery at present.Wherein lithium battery with the energy density height, advantage such as self-discharge rate is low, monomer voltage is high, the light volume of quality is little, be widely used in the power supply of various micro system equipments.But exist chargeable number of times less, shortcoming such as the life-span is short, and operating temperature range is less produces risk in sensor network nodes uses.Electric capacity is that the energy storage density of common electric capacity is less by gathering charge storage electric energy, but the energy storage density of super capacitor is bigger, a super capacitor that is of a size of diameter 22mm height 45mm, and capacity can reach 100F.The super capacitor operating temperature range is wide, and can to discharge and recharge number of times generally be 10 ~ 100 times of lithium battery, is more suitable in discharging and recharging frequently energy collecting system.
More existing node self-contained electric systems, be based on the environmental energy collection of photovoltaic and the temperature difference as patent " the integrated autonomous micro-system of photovoltaic-temperature difference micro energy sources and wireless sensor network circuit node ", but these two kinds of energy all are just can collect when illumination is arranged, and therefore can not play complementary effect; Only adopt lithium battery as energy storage units in the patent " the self-powered micro-system that a kind of photovoltaic energy and sensor node are integrated ", limited useful life and the environment for use of self-contained electric system; The self-contained electric system that is based on the vibrational energy collection that patent " wireless sensor network node of piezoelectric generator power supply " proposes, but because the energy density of vibrational energy is less, therefore be only applicable to the stronger occasion of some vibration.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes battery-powered deficiency in order to remedy wireless sensor network node, and a kind of wireless sensor network node self-contained electric system based on the solar-wind energy complementation is provided.This system uses solar energy acquisition module, piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module to gather solar energy and wind energy in the environment, be converted into electric energy, and be stored in the power storage module of being formed by super capacitor, super capacitor is powered to wireless sensor network node as supply unit.Thereby realize that the wireless sensor network node energy is from supplying with.
The present invention to achieve these goals, by the following technical solutions:
A kind of wireless sensor network node self-contained electric system based on the solar-wind energy complementation comprises solar energy acquisition module, piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module, super capacitor energy-storage module and interface circuit.
The solar energy acquisition module is used for gathering the solar energy of environment and converting it into electric energy, and by constituting of the solar panel that is installed in the self-contained electric system shell and diode series connection, the function of diode is to prevent the retrograde harm of electric current solar panel.
Piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module be used for to be gathered the wind energy of environment and is converted it into electric energy, comprises flabellum, piezoelectric vibrator array and the rotating shaft of cam is installed; Four flabellums are parallel to rotating shaft, are symmetrically distributed about rotating shaft center, and with the rotating shaft radial direction angle are arranged.The piezoelectric vibrator array is made up of the piezoelectric vibrator cell array that is circle distribution centered by rotating shaft, and the piezoelectric vibrator unit is made up of elastomer and piezoelectric ceramic, and both are pasted together.Cam has jut, and this jut can be stirred elastomer when cam rotates, and makes elastomer generation forced vibration, thereby makes the piezoelectric ceramic distortion produce electric current.
The effect of interface circuit is for each module provides interface, and it is made up of solar energy input module, wind energy input module, power storage interface and Voltage stabilizing module several sections.
The solar energy input module comprises a diode and drives in the wrong direction to prevent electric current; The wind energy input module comprises bridge rectifier and low capacity memory cell, wherein bridge rectifier converts the alternating current that the wind collecting module collects to direct current, the low capacity memory cell is made up of low capacity electric capacity and switching circuit, when the low capacity capacitance voltage reaches predetermined value, the switching circuit conducting makes the energy of little capacitive accumulation be transferred to late-class circuit; The power storage interface is connected two super capacitors, and the voltage stabilizing output module makes output voltage satisfy WSN node power demands.
Because the chargeable number of times of lithium battery is less, and discharge and recharge in the environmental energy gatherer process frequently, use super capacitor to replace lithium battery as energy-storage units in the system.The super capacitor that the super capacitor energy-storage module is 60F by two capacity is composed in series.For guaranteeing the late-class circuit operate as normal, the super capacitor energy-storage module voltage should be higher than the minimum operating voltage of Voltage stabilizing module.Being connected in series to make super capacitor energy-storage module total voltage raise, thereby the available capacity of super capacitor is increased, to improve the energy supply efficient of super capacitor energy-storage module.
Advantage of the present invention is to adopt the energy acquisition form of solar-wind energy complementation, and collecting energy is the wireless sensor network node power supply from environment, has realized the self-powered of node, removes to node and changes battery or be the work of battery charge.And used the energy storage units of super capacitor as node, solved because short problem of the wireless sensor network node life-span that the lithium battery age limit causes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is each module connection layout of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is overall structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is piezoelectric vibrator array junctions composition of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is interface circuit figure of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1 flabellum, 2 piezoelectric vibrator arrays, 3 interface circuits, 4 super capacitor energy-storage modules,
5 solar panels, 6 rotating shafts, 7 cams, 8 piezoelectric ceramic, 9 elastomers, 10 retainer rings.
Embodiment
Describe specific embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1, can be easy to find out connection relationship between each module from figure: interface circuit is the tie that links between each module in the native system.Solar energy acquisition module and piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module charge to super capacitor by interface circuit after collecting energy in the environment, power storage in the super capacitor energy-storage module, also can directly be wireless sensor network node power supply (when energy has been filled with in the super capacitor energy-storage module).When environmental energy collection capacity deficiency is thought the node power supply, super capacitor will discharge and be the node power supply, in case collect energy again, will replenish the loss of super capacitor energy-storage module immediately.
As shown in Figure 2, piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module is mainly by flabellum 1 and piezoelectric vibrator array 2, interface circuit 3, super capacitor energy-storage module 4, solar panel 5 etc.Four flabellums are parallel to rotating shaft, are symmetrically distributed about rotating shaft center, and with the rotating shaft radial direction angle are arranged.The advantage that vertical axis is installed is that wind-engaging is not to influence, and structural stability is good.The piezoelectric vibrator array is used in the collection of wind energy, compares with traditional electromagnetic type generating, and wind energy transformation efficient is higher and do not generate an electromagnetic field wireless signal not to be produced and disturb.The super capacitor energy-storage module is used the super capacitor series connection of two 60F.Use the super capacitor storage of electrical energy to compare with traditional lithium battery, have and to discharge and recharge often, long service life, advantage such as operating temperature range is wide.Use two super capacitors to connect to improve the voltage of whole energy supplying system, make the capacity utilance of energy-storage system higher.
Shown in Fig. 3, the piezoelectric vibrator array mainly is made up of several parts such as rotating shaft 6, cam 7, piezoelectric ceramic 8, elastomers 9, and piezoelectric vibrator unit (comprising piezoelectric ceramic, elastomer) is fixing by retainer ring 10.When the flabellum rotation, the flabellum rotating shaft drives the cam that is installed on the rotating shaft and rotates.Cam driven piezoelectric vibrator unit is done and is forced vibration, thereby the piezoelectric ceramic piece generation deformation in the piezoelectric vibrator produces electric current.
Rotating shaft is the rotating shaft of flabellum among the figure.Cam refers to have the wheel disc of a series of projections.Elastomer is the matrix of piezoelectric vibrator, uses copper or aluminum alloy flake.Piezoelectric ceramic is a kind of ceramic material with piezoelectric effect, during use piezoelectric ceramic is bonded on the elastomer, produces miniature deformation with elastomeric vibration.Retainer ring is used for fixing these piezoelectric vibrator unit, makes it form the piezoelectric vibrator array.Rotate when wind-force drives flabellum, rotating shaft and cam rotate thereupon, and cam projection is partly stirred elastomer, makes elastomer generation forced vibration, and the piezoelectric ceramic distortion produces electric current.Compare with the generating of traditional electromagnetic type, this structure makes wind energy transformation efficient higher and do not generate an electromagnetic field wireless signal is not produced interference.
As shown in Figure 4, interface circuit provides interface for the connection of each module in the system.Main realize receiving energy that solar energy acquisition module and piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module collect, provide interface for the super capacitor energy-storage module discharges and recharges, be functions such as WSN node power supply.
As shown, interface circuit is made up of solar energy input interface, piezoelectric type wind energy input interface, power storage interface and voltage stabilizing output several sections.The solar energy input interface uses diode to connect with solar panel and prevents that electric current from driving in the wrong direction.Piezoelectric type wind energy input interface comprises a full bridge rectifier alternating voltage that collects is converted into direct voltage, and be low capacity capacitor C 1 charging of 4.7mF, along with the accumulation low capacity electric capacity both end voltage of energy raises gradually, when the threshold values sum of the voltage stabilizing value that reaches voltage stabilizing didoe D5 and triode Q1, triode Q1 is in conducting state, the dividing potential drop of resistance R 2 reaches the cut-in voltage of field effect transistor Q2, it is that piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module begins to be the super capacitor power supply that Q2 is in conducting state, after the voltage of C1 descends, Q2 is in off-state again, capacitor C 1 is initially located in charged state again, so circulation.The voltage stabilizing output module uses MAX666 voltage stabilizing chip, and by the mode of dividing potential drop output voltage is controlled at 3.3V.Select for use MAX666 voltage stabilizing chip to be because its input voltage range is wide, minimum input voltage is 2.0V, and the capacity utilance of super capacitor is higher.
Claims (3)
1. the WSN node self-contained electric system based on the solar-wind energy complementation is characterized in that this self-contained electric system comprises solar energy acquisition module, piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module, interface circuit and super capacitor energy-storage module;
The solar energy acquisition module is used for gathering the solar energy of environment and converting it into electric energy, by constituting of the solar panel that is installed in the self-contained electric system shell and diode series connection;
Piezoelectric type vertical axis wind energy acquisition module be used for to be gathered the wind energy of environment and is converted it into electric energy, comprises flabellum, piezoelectric vibrator array and the rotating shaft of cam is installed; Four flabellums are parallel to rotating shaft, are symmetrically distributed about rotating shaft center, and with the rotating shaft radial direction angle are arranged; The piezoelectric vibrator array is made up of the piezoelectric vibrator cell array that is circle distribution centered by rotating shaft, and the piezoelectric vibrator unit is made up of elastomer and piezoelectric ceramic, and both are pasted together; Cam has jut, and this jut can be stirred elastomer when cam rotates, and makes elastomer generation forced vibration, thereby makes the piezoelectric ceramic distortion produce electric current;
The effect of interface circuit is for each module provides interface, and it is made up of solar energy input module, wind energy input module, power storage interface and Voltage stabilizing module several sections; The solar energy input module comprises a diode and drives in the wrong direction to prevent electric current; The wind energy input module comprises bridge rectifier and low capacity memory cell, and wherein bridge rectifier converts the alternating current that the wind collecting module collects to direct current, and the low capacity memory cell is made up of low capacity electric capacity and switching circuit; The power storage interface is connected two super capacitors, and the voltage stabilizing output module makes output voltage satisfy WSN node power demands.
2. WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described low capacity electric capacity is 4.7mF.
3. WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described super capacitor is 60F.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103490668A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 中南大学 | Wind power utilization device based on piezoelectric effect |
| CN105515147A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-04-20 | 大连楼兰科技股份有限公司 | Composite power supply system |
| CN105680548A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-06-15 | 北京理工大学 | Automatic power-supply apparatus for wireless sensing nodes |
| CN107147202A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-08 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of photovoltaic conversion circuit for being applied to fixed and mobile WSN nodes |
| CN107659203A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-02 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of deep tunnel roof monitoring wireless sensing node based on wind collecting |
| CN113676081A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-19 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Wind energy collecting device for ventilation tunnel |
| CN114629222A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-06-14 | 武汉华工融军科技有限公司 | Energy storage system suitable for unmanned ship and unmanned ship |
| CN115440021A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-06 | 绵阳能创科技有限责任公司 | Internet of things meter control system and electronic equipment |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103490668A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 中南大学 | Wind power utilization device based on piezoelectric effect |
| CN105515147A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-04-20 | 大连楼兰科技股份有限公司 | Composite power supply system |
| CN105515147B (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2018-03-06 | 大连楼兰科技股份有限公司 | A kind of composite power supply system |
| CN105680548A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-06-15 | 北京理工大学 | Automatic power-supply apparatus for wireless sensing nodes |
| CN107147202A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-08 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of photovoltaic conversion circuit for being applied to fixed and mobile WSN nodes |
| CN107147202B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-01-03 | 安徽农业大学 | Photovoltaic conversion circuit suitable for fixed and mobile WSN node |
| CN107659203A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-02 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of deep tunnel roof monitoring wireless sensing node based on wind collecting |
| CN113676081A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-19 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Wind energy collecting device for ventilation tunnel |
| CN114629222A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-06-14 | 武汉华工融军科技有限公司 | Energy storage system suitable for unmanned ship and unmanned ship |
| CN115440021A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-06 | 绵阳能创科技有限责任公司 | Internet of things meter control system and electronic equipment |
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