CN102306949A - Energy self-supply method and device for sensor network node - Google Patents
Energy self-supply method and device for sensor network node Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy self-supply device for a sensor network node. The device comprises an energy storage unit and an energy management unit. The energy storage unit comprises a main energy storage unit and a standby energy storage unit. The energy management unit is suitable for detecting the energy state of each of the main and standby energy storage unit, selecting one of the main and standby energy storage units according to the state to supply power to an energy consumption unit, selecting the main energy storage unit to supply the power to the energy consumption unit when the energy state of the main energy storage unit meets the working voltage of the energy consumption unit, and selecting the standby energy storage unit to supply the power to the energy consumption unit when the voltage of the main energy storage unit does not meet the working voltage of the energy consumption unit and the energy state of the standby energy storage unit meets the working voltage of the energy consumption unit. The invention also provides an energy self-supply method for the sensor network node. By the device and the method, the working hours of the sensor network node can be greatly increased, and the service life of the node can be prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor network technique, relate in particular to a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with method and apparatus.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network (Wireless sensor network) is one of focus of studying in the present IT field; System compares with legacy network, and wireless sensor network on a large scale, characteristics such as laying, multi-hop communication mode, self-organizing and collaborative work make it all have broad application prospects at numerous areas such as military affairs, industry, household, environment at random.
Sensor node is the important composition unit of sensor network, and its working life affects the time-to-live of network.All be to use dry cell to supply with as energy during present most sensor network is used and be the node power supply, because the restriction of volume and cost requirement, the entrained energy content of battery of node is limited, in case the battery altering difficulty maybe can't be changed after laying.
For prolonging wireless sensor network working time of node as far as possible, most of system all adopts the power that reduces each unit of node as much as possible or reduces the strategy of node work period (Duty Cycle) and reduce the energy that node consumes.These two kinds of methods can prolong node useful life to a certain extent, but can not tackle the problem at its root.
If the energy that sensor node can utilize surrounding environment to obtain has energy from the supply ability, so just can overcome the unidirectional problem of successively decreasing of above-mentioned node energy.The environmental energy that generally utilizes at present mainly comprises solar energy, wind energy, heat energy and vibrational energy etc., wherein solar energy have be easy to obtain, energy density is high and advantage such as pollution-free and being used widely.Solar panel is to utilize the photovoltaic effect of interface and directly change luminous energy the device of electric energy into, can be used as the energy acquisition unit of system.
Therefore, how sensor network energy efficiently reasonable in design is from the supply system, and with the energy supply that guarantees node and prolong node useful life, just becoming needs the major issue that solves.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with method and apparatus, improves the sensor network nodes operating time, i.e. node useful life.
According to one aspect of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with device, comprising: energy storage units; Said energy storage units comprises main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit; And energy management unit; Be suitable for detecting the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit; And select one of them to supply power for the energy consumption unit according to said state; When the energy state of said main energy storage units satisfies the operating voltage of energy consumption unit; Select main energy storage units to be the power supply of energy consumption unit, when operating voltage and the energy state of said backup energy storage unit that does not satisfy the energy consumption unit when the voltage of said main energy storage units satisfied the operating voltage of energy consumption unit, selecting backup energy storage unit was the power supply of energy consumption unit.
Optional, said energy state comprises the energy value that this unit provides, stores and consumes.
Optional, be the backup energy storage unit charging through main energy storage units.
Optional, said sensor network nodes energy also comprises from supplying with device: the energy acquisition unit, is connected with energy storage units, be suitable for collecting the energy that obtains surrounding environment and with the power transfer of collecting to said energy storage units; It is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging that said energy management unit also is suitable for the control energy collecting unit.
Optional, said energy management unit comprises: energy detection unit is suitable for the energy state of detected energy collecting unit, energy storage units and energy consumption unit; Select control unit with energy control unit and energy; Be suitable for coming the energy of autonomous energy storage units or backup energy storage unit to be the power supply of energy consumption unit according to the reception of said state selectivity, also being suitable for the control energy collecting unit is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging.
Optional, said energy detection unit comprises: comprise voltage detection unit and current detecting unit; Said voltage detection unit makes and is suitable for resistance cell voltage dividing potential drop to be detected being adjusted in the input voltage range that AD conversion unit is fit to conversion, calculates the virtual voltage of to-be-measured cell again according to measuring voltage and virtual voltage corresponding relation; Said current detecting unit is suitable for the input and output side series connection sampling resistor in unit to be detected; The current signal that the sampling resistor two ends are obtained is sent into to transform in the current conversion amplifying unit and is enlarged into voltage signal, calculates the actual current of to-be-measured cell again according to the corresponding relation of measuring voltage and actual current.
Optional, said energy selects control unit to comprise: the two-way analog switch chip; Said energy control unit comprises: DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit and processing unit; An input of said two-way analog switch chip connects main energy storage units output; Another input connects the backup energy storage unit output; The output of two-way analog switch chip connects the input of energy consumption unit, and the control interface unit of the processor in the control end of two-way analog switch chip and the processing unit links to each other; The output voltage of said energy acquisition unit and output current control are that processor is accomplished through the reference voltage level that the control interface unit is provided with comparator; The input anode of comparator connects the voltage of solar panel; The negative pole of input connects reference voltage; The switch interface of the output of comparator control DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit is stabilized in the voltage output of energy collecting unit and is provided with on the magnitude of voltage that pre-sets.
Optional; Said main energy storage units is suitable for supporting the more frequent operation that discharges and recharges compared to said backup energy storage unit, and said backup energy storage unit is suitable for having bigger energy storage capacity and has littler leakage current compared to said main energy storage units.
Another aspect according to the present invention also provides a kind of sensor network nodes energy from the supply method, comprising: the energy state of step 1, the said main energy storage units of detection and backup energy storage unit; Step 2, judge whether main energy storage units satisfies the node energy supply conditions; If the main energy storage units of step 3 satisfies the node energy supply conditions, be that node provides energy by main energy storage units; If the main energy storage units of step 4 can not satisfy the node energy supply conditions, judge whether backup energy storage unit satisfies the node energy supply conditions; But satisfying the node energy supply conditions if can not satisfy node energy supply conditions backup energy storage unit with the main energy storage units of step 5, is that node provides energy by backup energy storage unit.
Optional, said method also comprises: if the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition, by main energy storage units backup energy storage unit is charged.
Optional; Said method also comprises: seek peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit; Operating state with the energy acquisition unit is arranged on its peak power output working point then, and promptly the energy collecting unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment and to main energy storage units charging.
Optional; Said main energy storage units is suitable for supporting the more frequent operation that discharges and recharges compared to said backup energy storage unit, and said backup energy storage unit is suitable for having bigger energy storage capacity and has littler leakage current compared to said main energy storage units.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: increase substantially the sensor network nodes operating time, i.e. node useful life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the sensor network nodes energy that provides in the one embodiment of the invention is from the structured flowchart of supplying with device;
Fig. 2 is that the sensor network nodes energy that provides in the another embodiment of the present invention is from the structured flowchart of supplying with device;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the energy detection unit that provides in the another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the sketch map preferred embodiment of each unit in the voltage detection unit 10111 among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the sketch map preferred embodiment of each unit in the current detecting unit 10112 among Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the energy control unit structured flowchart that provides among another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the energy control unit execution mode sketch map that provides in the another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that the sensor network nodes energy that provides in the one embodiment of the invention is from the flow chart of supplying with method.
Embodiment
In order to make the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
The inventor finds under study for action; Because solar energy is subject to weather and influence round the clock; And solar cell generally is the pressure limiting current source; Therefore generally do not allow solar panel directly to be the node power supply separately, and need be intermediary with the energy storage units, making solar panel be that the energy consumption unit supplies power indirectly.Also there is similar defective in the environmental energy of other types, needs energy storage units as intermediary.Simultaneously,, solar panel is worked with the mode of maximum power output, so we need control solar panel and are operated in maximum power point (mpp) in order more to obtain environmental energy.It is the energy that the stored energy collecting unit is gathered that energy storage units mainly acts on, and directly for the energy consumption unit energy is provided.General available energy storage units comprises electric capacity and rechargeable battery; Rechargeable battery generally has characteristics such as high-energy-density, low-leakage current; But it has the limited number of times that discharges and recharges, and can cause node battery charging and discharging number of times too much can't charge and influence node working; Though electric capacity has the ability that can unlimitedly discharge and recharge, its energy density is low, and leakage current is big, causes capacity usage ratio not high.Form two-stage energy storage module efficiently if can combine to have the battery of the electric capacity that infinitely discharges and recharges number of times and high-energy-density, low-leakage current; Can realize prolonging significantly the sensor network nodes purpose in useful life; Solving in the existing system exists the energy storage units form single; Environmental energy is gathered, utilance is not high, deficiencies such as energy management method poor efficiency.
According to above-mentioned discovery, the present invention provides a kind of energy storage units that adopts the two-stage storage organization, comprises main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit.Wherein, main energy storage units can be the chargeable device with following characteristic: the first, obtain energy from the energy acquisition unit, and for the energy consumption unit energy is provided simultaneously; The second, need to support the frequent operation that discharges and recharges; When the depleted of energy of main energy storage units, then need use backup energy storage unit to supply power as node.Backup energy storage unit can be the chargeable device with following characteristic: the first, under the situation of main energy storage units depleted of energy, can supply power for a long time for node; The second, need strong energy storage capacity, require its leakage current as far as possible little.The charging requirement of main energy storage module (for example electric capacity) is not high, generally uses the energy acquisition module to be its charging.And the charging requirement of reserve energy storage module (for example rechargeable battery) is than higher; The lithium battery that uses with system is example; General charging process comprises constant voltage charge and constant current charge; Therefore can not use the solar panel of pressure limiting current source directly charging, and the more stable electric capacity of working voltage and electric current is its charging for it.
Utilize above-mentioned energy storage units, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy in the one embodiment of the invention from supplying with device.As shown in Figure 1, said device 100 comprises: energy management unit 101 and energy storage units 102.Energy management unit 101 is connected with energy consumption unit 200, energy acquisition unit 300 and energy storage units 102 respectively, and is connected with energy storage units 102 signals.
Wherein, Energy management unit 101 is suitable for managing the energy of being gathered from energy acquisition unit 300; The main energy storage units 1021 in the detected energy memory cell 102 and the energy state of backup energy storage unit 1022; According to the state of main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022, selecting one of them is the energy consumption module for power supply.Energy management unit 101 also is suitable for according to said energy state, and the energy that optionally receives autonomous energy storage units 1021 or backup energy storage unit 1022 is 200 power supplies of energy consumption unit.Arrow 001,002,003 expression energy stream among the figure; Arrow 004 expression signal stream.Energy state is to detect through the voltage and current information to each unit, then through what simply calculate out, generally comprises the energy value that this unit provides, stores and consumes.
Wherein, said main energy storage units 1021 is an electric capacity, and backup energy storage unit 1022 is a rechargeable battery, and is preferred, is backup energy storage unit 1022 chargings through main energy storage units 1021.
Preferably, said main energy storage units 1021 is selected super capacitor (super capacitor) for use.Super capacitor is double electric layer capacitor (Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor), gold electric capacity, farad capacitor again, comes energy storage through the polarization electrolyte.It is a kind of electrochemical element, but in the process of its energy storage chemical reaction does not take place, and this thermal energy storage process is reversible, also just because of can repeated charge hundreds thousand of times of this ultracapacitor.The advantage of super capacitor mainly comprises: be issued to the capacitance of farad level at very little volume, charging circuit that need not be special is compared with battery with the control discharge circuit and overcharged, crosses to put not its life-span is constituted negative effect, considers that from the angle of environmental protection it is a kind of green energy resource etc.Therefore using it for main energy storage units has special advantage.
According to another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with device.As shown in Figure 2, said device 100 comprises:
Energy management unit 101, energy storage units 102 and energy acquisition unit 103.Wherein, energy storage units 102 comprises main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022; Energy management unit 101 comprises energy detection unit 1011, energy control unit 1012, circuit protection unit 1013, energy selection control unit 1034 and environmental monitoring unit 1035.Wherein, The energy output of energy acquisition unit 103 links to each other with the input of energy storage units 102; The energy output of energy storage units 102 selects control unit 1014 to link to each other with the energy input of energy consumption unit 200 through energy, and energy management unit 103 and energy acquisition unit 101, energy storage units 102 and energy consumption unit 200 link to each other through corresponding control interfaces.Among the figure, thick arrow is represented energy stream, thin arrow representation signal stream.
Energy acquisition unit 103 is suitable for collecting the energy that obtains surrounding environment; The energy that collects is stored in the energy storage units 102; Described energy acquisition unit 103 is to adopt the unit that various forms of environmental energies is converted into electric energy, comprises vibrational energy; Wind energy, the environmental energy of forms such as solar energy.In this example, adopt solar cell to describe as the energy acquisition unit.
Energy storage units 102 is suitable for the energy that stored energy collecting unit 103 obtains.
Concrete, energy storage units 102 adopts the two-stage storage organization, is respectively main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022.
Main energy storage units 1021 obtains energy and for energy consumption unit 200 energy is provided from energy acquisition unit 103, can also energy be provided for backup energy storage unit 1022 simultaneously.Owing to need to support that the very frequent operation that discharges and recharges is arranged, and electric capacity is not limited by charging times, therefore in instance of the present invention, adopts electric capacity to describe as main energy storage units.
When the depleted of energy of main energy storage units 1021, then need use backup energy storage unit 1022 to supply power as node.Backup energy storage unit 1022 need have following functional requirement: the first, under the situation of main energy storage units 1021 depleted of energy, can supply power for a long time for node; The second, need strong energy storage capacity, require its leakage current as far as possible little; The 3rd, need the number of times that discharges and recharges as much as possible, reach the prolongation node life-span.Rechargeable battery all satisfies above-mentioned requirements basically, therefore, in instance of the present invention, adopts rechargeable battery energy storage units in support.
Energy management unit 101 is suitable for the energy of each unit is managed: the main energy storage units 1021 in the energy management unit 101 control energy memory cell 102 is 200 power supplies of energy consumption unit with backup energy storage unit 1022; Energy management unit 101 control energy collecting units 103 are the main energy storage units 1021 and backup energy storage unit 1022 makeup energy in the energy storage units 102; Energy management unit 101 is monitored the energy state of energy acquisition unit 103, energy storage units 102 and energy consumption unit 200.
Concrete, energy management unit 101 comprises energy detection unit 1011, energy control unit 1012, and circuit protection unit 1013, energy is selected control unit 1014 and environmental monitoring unit 1015.
Wherein, energy detection unit 1011 detected energy collecting units 103, the energy state of energy storage units 102 and energy consumption unit 200, detection information comprises information such as electric current and voltage.
It is that node is selected appropriate energy source according to the energy state of each unit that energy is selected control unit 1014.
1015 effects of environmental monitoring unit are to measure and provide environmental information in real time.In this example, environmental monitoring unit 1015 comprises aerial temperature and humidity transducer and optical sensor, and air themperature, humidity and illuminance information can be provided.
Another embodiment is as shown in Figure 3 according to the present invention, and energy detection unit 1011 comprises voltage detection unit 10111 and current detecting unit 10112.Voltage detection unit 10111 comprises the solar cell panel voltages detecting unit again; The capacitance voltage detecting unit; Battery voltage detection unit and node voltage detecting unit (being energy consumable unit detecting unit); Mainly be connected with the voltage measurement interface of solar panel, electric capacity, battery and node respectively, detect its information of voltage.Current detecting unit 10112 comprises solar panel output current detecting unit again; Electric capacity input and output current detecting unit; Battery input and output current detecting unit and node input current detecting unit, respectively with solar panel, electric capacity; The current measurement interface of battery and node is connected, and detects its current information.Here the input and output electric current is different, the current value when general input current is meant its charging, and output current is meant the current value that it provides for other equipment as power supply.So main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit just have these two kinds of electric currents of input and output electric current.And the energy feed unit just has only output current, and the energy consumption unit just has only input current.
As shown in Figure 4, for each unit in the voltage detection unit 10111 preferred embodiment, use precision resister 301 that each cell voltage dividing potential drop is adjusted to AD conversion unit 302 and be fit in the input voltage ranges of conversion.Processor calculates the virtual voltage of to-be-measured cell again according to the voltage corresponding relation afterwards.
As shown in Figure 5; For each unit in the current detecting unit 10112 preferred embodiment; Input and output side series connection sampling resistor 401 in each unit; The current signal that again sampling resistor 401 two ends is obtained is sent into to transform in the current conversion amplifying unit 402 and is enlarged into voltage signal, and the voltage signal after will changing is again sent into processor through AD conversion unit 403 and handled.Processor calculates the actual current of to-be-measured cell according to the corresponding relation of measuring voltage and actual current.
According to another embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 6, energy control unit 1102 comprises voltage control unit 501 and current control unit 502.Voltage control unit 501 comprises solar cell panel voltages control unit 5011, capacitance voltage control unit 5012, cell voltage control unit 5013 and node voltage control unit 5014 again; Be connected with the voltage control interface of solar panel, electric capacity, battery and node respectively, control the output of its voltage.Current control unit 502 comprises solar cell output current control unit 5021, electric capacity input and output current control unit 5022, battery input and output current control unit 5023 and node input current control unit 5024 again; Be connected with the Current Control interface of solar panel, electric capacity, battery and node respectively, control the output of its electric current.
According to still another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from supplying with device.Like Fig. 7 is energy control unit execution mode sketch map; Wherein, The energy acquisition unit is a solar panel 601, and energy storage units is electric capacity 603 and rechargeable battery 605, and the energy control unit comprises DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602,604,606 and processing unit 607.
Wherein, the energy in the energy management unit selects control unit to adopt two-way analog switch chip 610 to realize the selection function of power supply.An input of two-way analog switch chip 610 connects main energy storage units output; Another input connects the backup energy storage unit output; The output of two-way analog switch chip 610 connects the input of energy consumption unit, and the control interface unit 6072 of the processor 6071 in the control end of two-way analog switch chip 610 and the processing unit 607 links to each other.Guarantee that any can provide power supply in the two for main energy storage units or backup energy storage unit.It is the node power supply that processor 6071 is selected suitable energy storage units according to the energy state control control interface unit of energy storage units.The energy consumption unit refers to wireless sensor network node.
Wherein, The output voltage of solar panel 601 and output current control are processor 6071 is provided with comparator 608 through control interface unit 6072 reference voltage levels; The input anode of comparator 608 connects the voltage of solar panel; The negative pole of input connects reference voltage, the switch interface of the output of comparator 608 control DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602, and the voltage output that just can control solar panel through such mode is stabilized on the magnitude of voltage that setting pre-sets; The voltage control of electric capacity 603 is that processor 6071 is provided with and control through the voltage control interface 6021 of control interface unit 6072 through DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602; The electric current of electric capacity 603 is that processor 6071 is provided with and control through the Current Control interface 6022 of control interface unit 6072 through DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 602; The voltage of rechargeable battery 605 is that processor 6071 is provided with and control through the voltage control interface 6041 of control interface unit 6072 through DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 604.The electric current of battery 605 is that processor 6071 is provided with and control through the Current Control interface 6042 of control interface unit 6072 through DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 604.The voltage of sensor network nodes 607 is that processor 6071 is through voltage control interface 6061 control setting of control interface unit 6072 through DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit 606 (its other end should connect the power interface of energy consumption unit).
According to one embodiment of the invention, the energy acquisition unit is a solar panel, and it is following to the process of node power supply from supplying with device to use above-mentioned energy:
(daytime) starts whole system, and it is the node power supply that system at first adopts the backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery;
The maximum power point (mpp) operating state of solar panel is sought in the energy management unit operation, and the control solar panel is operated on its maximum power point (mpp);
The energy that solar panel obtains is main energy storage units electric capacity charging;
Energy management unit is through the voltage and current homenergic state of main energy storage units electric capacity of monitoring and backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery; After main energy storage units electric capacity is full of energy; Selecting main energy storage units by energy management unit control analog switch is that energy is supplied with the node power supply, reduces the use of margin of energy storage device rechargeable battery as far as possible;
Energy management unit is monitored the energy state of backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery simultaneously, is its makeup energy, and it keeps full energy state at any time as far as possible;
Under the situation of unglazed photograph at night, then use the energy of electric capacity mid point electric capacity, it's night are past the general enough node degrees of the energy of the capacitance stores of selecting for use;
After daytime illumination being arranged, continuing to utilize electricity energy harvester to collect environmental energy, is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit makeup energy.The environmental energy of collecting in general one day enough node uses and is full of electricity as electric capacity, and the general like this backup energy storage unit rechargeable battery that can not use is supplied power as node.
The enough node work of the energy of backup energy storage unit some months.Even node crashes because energy has been consumed, wait environmental energy abundant after, can utilize environmental energy to restart again.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a kind of sensor network nodes is provided, oneself supplies with device to comprise the sensor network node energy, and the energy consumption unit.
Wherein, the energy consumption unit comprises processing module, radio frequency unit, memory cell etc.Processing module and above-mentioned processing unit can pass through a microprogram control unit (MCU; Microprogrammed Control Unit) realizes; Microprogram control unit is that CPU, RAM, ROM, timer, multiple I/O interface and analog-to-digital conversion unit are integrated on the chip piece, forms the computer of chip-scale.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from the supply method.As shown in Figure 8, this method comprises:
S1: the start sensor network energy turns to S2 from supplying with node system;
S2: judge that whether environment collecting unit energy is sufficient, if satisfy condition, turns to S3.If do not satisfy condition, then turn to S4;
S3: starting the energy acquisition unit is main energy storage units charging, turns to S4;
S4: judge whether main energy storage units satisfies the node energy supply conditions, if satisfy condition, turns to S5, if do not satisfy condition, turns to S6;
S5: starting main energy storage units is that node provides energy, turns to S9;
S6: judge whether backup energy storage unit satisfies the node energy supply conditions, if satisfy condition, turns to S7, if do not satisfy condition, turns to S8;
S7: starting backup energy storage unit is that node provides energy, turns to S9;
S8: energy gets into the deadlock state from supplying with device, turns to S2;
S9: detect the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit, turn to S10;
S10: the energy state of judging backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition, if satisfy condition, turns to S11; If do not satisfy condition, turn to S2;
S11: backup energy storage unit is implemented energy supplement, turn to S12;
S12: the energy state of judging backup energy storage unit reaches the condition of completely filling, if satisfy condition, turns to S13; If do not satisfy condition, turn to S2;
S13: stop backup energy storage unit being implemented energy supplement, turn to S2.
Wherein, the main energy storage units of node is an electric capacity, and backup energy storage unit is a rechargeable battery.The charging requirement of rechargeable battery is than higher; Its charging process needs constant voltage charge and constant current charge; And energy acquisition unit power supply is generally the pressure limiting current source, and voltage instability is difficult to satisfy the charging requirement of rechargeable battery; Main simultaneously energy storage units electric capacity is not high to charging requirement, and voltage is more stable; Therefore, the charging modes that adopts in the present embodiment is: by the energy acquisition unit is main energy storage units charging, and main energy storage units is the backup energy storage unit charging again.
Among the step S4, judge that can main energy storage units furnish good supplies to comprise: whether the voltage of judging main energy storage units reaches node energy consumable unit required voltage.
Among step S5, the S7,, node comprises: be the energy consumption unit power supply of node for providing energy.
Step S9 detects the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit for periodically detecting, and the cycle was generally 15 minutes and can be configured as required.
Among the step S10; Because backup energy storage unit generally has the limited number of times that discharges and recharges; So through judging whether backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition and discharge and recharge number of times with saving, and Rule of judgment comprises: the first, whether reach the magnitude of voltage that needs charging; The second, it is the backup energy storage unit charging that enough energy are arranged in the time of main energy storage units.Step S10 judges that the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition for periodically judging, the cycle was generally 15 minutes and can be configured as required.
Step S12 judges that the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches the condition of completely filling for periodically judging, the cycle was generally 15 minutes and can be configured as required.
Further, in order to make full use of solar energy or other environmental energy, the maximized environmental energy that obtains can also be arranged on the operating state of energy acquisition unit on its peak power output working point.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of sensor network nodes energy from the supply method, be not that step S3 comprises with its of said method:
S301: seek peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit, the operating state with the energy acquisition unit is arranged on its peak power output working point then;
S302: the energy acquisition unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment, to main energy storage units charging.
Control to the maximum power output of solar energy in the present embodiment, but other forms of environmental energy generally also has the maximum power point (mpp) control method, the control of carrying out maximum power point mainly is maximizedly to obtain environmental energy.
Should be noted that and understand, under the situation that does not break away from the desired the spirit and scope of the present invention of accompanying Claim, can make various modifications and improvement the present invention of above-mentioned detailed description.Therefore, the scope of the technical scheme of requirement protection does not receive the restriction of given any specific exemplary teachings.
Claims (10)
1. a sensor network nodes energy comprises from supplying with device:
Energy storage units; Said energy storage units comprises main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit; With
Energy management unit; Be suitable for detecting the energy state of main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit; And select one of them to supply power for the energy consumption unit according to said state; When the energy state of said main energy storage units satisfies the operating voltage of energy consumption unit; Select main energy storage units to be the power supply of energy consumption unit, when operating voltage and the energy state of said backup energy storage unit that does not satisfy the energy consumption unit when the voltage of said main energy storage units satisfied the operating voltage of energy consumption unit, selecting backup energy storage unit was the power supply of energy consumption unit.
2. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 is from supplying with device, and said energy state comprises the energy value that this unit provides, stores and consumes.
3. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 wherein, is the backup energy storage unit charging through main energy storage units from supplying with device.
4. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 also comprises from supplying with device:
The energy acquisition unit is connected with energy storage units, is suitable for collecting the energy that obtains surrounding environment and gives said energy storage units with the power transfer of collecting;
It is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging that said energy management unit also is suitable for the control energy collecting unit.
5. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 4 is from supplying with device, and said energy management unit comprises:
Energy detection unit is suitable for the energy state of detected energy collecting unit, energy storage units and energy consumption unit; With
Energy control unit and energy are selected control unit; Be suitable for coming the energy of autonomous energy storage units or backup energy storage unit to be the power supply of energy consumption unit according to the reception of said state selectivity, also being suitable for the control energy collecting unit is main energy storage units and backup energy storage unit charging.
6. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 5 is from supplying with device, and said energy detection unit comprises: comprise voltage detection unit and current detecting unit;
Said voltage detection unit makes and is suitable for resistance cell voltage dividing potential drop to be detected being adjusted in the input voltage range that AD conversion unit is fit to conversion, calculates the virtual voltage of to-be-measured cell again according to measuring voltage and virtual voltage corresponding relation;
Said current detecting unit is suitable for the input and output side series connection sampling resistor in unit to be detected; The current signal that the sampling resistor two ends are obtained is sent into to transform in the current conversion amplifying unit and is enlarged into voltage signal, calculates the actual current of to-be-measured cell again according to the corresponding relation of measuring voltage and actual current.
7. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 5 is from supplying with device, and said energy selects control unit to comprise: the two-way analog switch chip; Said energy control unit comprises: DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit and processing unit;
An input of said two-way analog switch chip connects main energy storage units output; Another input connects the backup energy storage unit output; The output of two-way analog switch chip connects the input of energy consumption unit, and the control interface unit of the processor in the control end of two-way analog switch chip and the processing unit links to each other;
The output voltage of said energy acquisition unit and output current control are that processor is accomplished through the reference voltage level that the control interface unit is provided with comparator; The input anode of comparator connects the voltage of solar panel; The negative pole of input connects reference voltage; The switch interface of the output of comparator control DCDC boost-buck power administrative unit is stabilized in the voltage output of energy collecting unit and is provided with on the magnitude of voltage that pre-sets.
8. a sensor network nodes energy comprises from the supply method:
The energy state of step 1, the said main energy storage units of detection and backup energy storage unit;
Step 2, judge whether main energy storage units satisfies the node energy supply conditions;
If the main energy storage units of step 3 satisfies the node energy supply conditions, be that node provides energy by main energy storage units;
If the main energy storage units of step 4 can not satisfy the node energy supply conditions, judge whether backup energy storage unit satisfies the node energy supply conditions; With
Satisfying the node energy supply conditions if but the main energy storage units of step 5 can not satisfy node energy supply conditions backup energy storage unit, is that node provides energy by backup energy storage unit.
9. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 also comprises from the supply method:
If the energy state of backup energy storage unit reaches charge condition, backup energy storage unit is charged by main energy storage units.
10. sensor network nodes energy according to claim 1 also comprises from the supply method:
Seek peak power output working point, energy acquisition unit, the operating state with the energy acquisition unit is arranged on its peak power output working point then, and promptly the energy collecting unit is with maximum power output collecting energy environment and to main energy storage units charging.
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