CN101798466A - Natural fiber composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Natural fiber composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof. The natural fiber composite material is mainly prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 14-135 parts of water-based resin, 100-500 parts of natural fiber, 0.3-5 parts of hardener, 0.01-5 parts of phase transfer catalyst, 50-500 parts of filler and 100-200 parts of water. In the invention, the natural fiber can be fully coated only by a small amount of polymer resin to obtain the natural fiber composite material with excellent waterproof performance; and the modified natural fiber can be used as a raw material of waterproof fiber boards, bakelite powder padding and plastic-wood composites (WPC).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of natural-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The natural fiber aboundresources, cheap, be mutually with 1 by many D-glucopyranoses, the polysaccharide that 4-β glycosidic bond is formed by connecting, each basic ring contains 3 hydroxyls (OH) in the repeating unit of cellulosic molecule, these hydroxyls form intramolecular hydrogen bond or intermolecular hydrogen bonding, make fiber have water-absorbent, and rate of moisture absorption reaches 8～12%.Because natural fiber water-absorbent height rots easily, therefore limited to its purposes.The matrix material that uses natural fiber to be made does not possess water-repellancy usually, can't be for a long time in outdoor application, for improving the waterproof effect of above-mentioned matrix material, existing a kind of mode is to use a large amount of macromolecular materials that all natural fibers are coated, but thus, must cause cost significantly to promote; Another kind of mode is that natural fiber is carried out modification, and existing natural fiber method of modifying comprises the use chemical process, as natron liquid, with the chemical feedstocks modification of high reactivity etc., all can produce a large amount of waste water usually; Perhaps, chemically it is grafted on surface of natural fibers, to reach waterproof effect with a small amount of lipophilicity high polymer monomer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of natural-fiber composite material that is coated with nonabsorbent material.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
A kind of natural-fiber composite material, it is characterized in that it is by mainly comprising the preparation of following components in weight portions: 100～200 parts in 14～135 parts of water-base resins, 100～500 parts in natural fiber, 0.3～5 part of stiffening agent, 0.01～5 part of phase-transfer catalyst, 50～500 parts in weighting material and water.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described water-base resin is by mainly comprising following components in weight portions preparation: 4～20 parts of 10～100 parts of non-aqueous resins and water-based initiators.The concrete preparation method of water-base resin is as follows: the non-aqueous Resins, epoxy of said ratio is put into reactor with the water-based initiator mix, obtained in 1～2 hour at 120～160 ℃ of compressive reactions.This part content has been open in detail in 200910310409.2 the patent application at the patentee's number of patent application, no longer carefully states at this.Described non-aqueous resin is selected from least a in Resins, epoxy, resol, unsaturated polyester, allyl resin, polyurethane resin or other associated resin.Preferably, described non-aqueous resin is a Resins, epoxy.Described water-based initiator is selected from Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate, 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid), 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid sodium), 4, at least a in 4-azo two (4-cyano group amylalcohol), methylethyl ketone peroxides, cyclohexanone peroxide or other the relevant initiators.Water-soluble action of free radical initiator is that hydrophilic radical is introduced Resins, epoxy, and it is water-soluble to make Resins, epoxy become.Preferably, described water-based initiator is 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid).
Described natural fiber is at least a in xylon, flaxen fiber, cotton fibre, bamboo fibers, vine fiber ti, straw fiber, sea-weed fibre, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk, paper, straw, wheat tangerine, Caulis Sacchari sinensis fiber, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), leaf, duricrust shell, melon seed cases, coffee grounds, tealeaf residue, Chinese medicine slag or other the relevant natural fibers.Preferably, described natural fiber is xylon (wood powder).Among the present invention, natural fiber need be ground into powder in advance, is then used again.
Described water-soluble stiffening agent is selected from trolamine, quadrol, diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetren, polyvinylamine, phenolic aldehyde amine, 2,4,6-three (dimethylamino methyl) phenol, aqueous polyurethane, aqueous polyamide, policapram, dicyanamide, boron trifluoride-amine complex, dislike boron heterocycle boron amide complex compound, the water-based polyureas, polyetheramine (Jeffamine), hexanediamine, amine end-blocking water-based polyimide, ammoniacal liquor, diethylin is for propylamine, water-soluble aromatic amine, isophorone diamine, thiocarbamide, mercaptan amine, at least a in thiocarbamide-polyamine condenses or other the relevant stiffening agents.Preferably, described stiffening agent is a quadrol.Water-soluble stiffening agent is the stiffening agent of aqueous epoxy resins, and it must have the water-based performance, with the Resins, epoxy commissure.
Described phase-transfer catalyst is at least a in crown ether, polyoxyethylene glycol, quaternary amine, quaternary alkylphosphonium salt, sulfonium salt or arsenic salt, cave ether, bromination Shi six alkyl San Ding Ji Phosphonium, Tetrabutyl amonium bromide, methyl trioctylphosphine ammonium chloride or other related compound.Preferably, described phase-transfer catalyst is a Tetrabutyl amonium bromide.The epoxide functional groups that act as the catalysis oil phase of phase-transfer catalyst and the reaction of the stiffening agent of water.Because in the aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, epoxide functional groups is at oil phase, and the functional group of water-based stiffening agent is at water, carries out catalysis between the two-phase because of needing phase-transfer catalyst a bit.
Described weighting material is selected from silica flour, stone flour, lard, fire retardant, lubricant, peanut oil, tung oil, soya-bean oil, butter, machine oil, silicone oil, the pottery powder, silica powder, the soil powder, starch, titanium dioxide, the clay powder, carbon black, nano-carbon powder, nano clay, Graphite Powder 99, Graphene, the animal excrement powder, glass powder, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, phosphoric acid ester, titanic acid ester, the aluminic acid ester, sand, glass fibre, carbon fiber, the plastic waste powder, cement, rubble, useless foaming rubber powder, the wax powder, asphalt powder, wood charcoal powder, kaolin powder, at least a in talcum powder or other associated materials.Preferably, described weighting material is a kind of or its combination in native powder or the silicone oil.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, also comprise 1～10 part of monomer in the above-mentioned water-base resin, described monomer is selected from least a in vinylbenzene, vinyl cyanide, divinyl, butylene, vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, the different monooctyl ester of propylene, Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, toxilic acid, maleic anhydride or other relevant monomer.Preferably, described monomer is selected from least a in vinylbenzene, the acrylic or methacrylic acid methyl esters.Further preferably, described monomer is a vinylbenzene.The monomeric lifting water-based initiator that act as grafts on Resins, epoxy Zhong And and reduces cost the increase material filming.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, also comprise 1～5 part non-aqueous initiator in the above-mentioned water-base resin, described non-aqueous initiator is selected from 4,4-azo two (4-cyano group butane peroxy dicarbonate two-2-phenoxy group ester), peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl hexanaphthene), 2,5-two (2-ethyl hexanoyl peroxide)-2,5-dimethyl ethane, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide-2-ethylhexanoate, 2-tertiary butyl azo-2-dicyanopropane, 2-tertiary butyl azo-dicyanobutane, 1,1-two (t-butyl peroxy) 3,3, the 5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-two (t-butyl peroxy) hexanaphthene, 1-tertiary butyl azo-1-cyanocyclohexanoic alkane, O, the O-tertiary butyl-O-sec.-propyl list peroxycarbonates, butyl perbenzoate, ethyl-3,3-two (tert-butyl peroxide) butyric ester, dicumyl peroxide, the peroxidation lauric acid, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diperoxy ethylhexoate, peroxide-2-ethyl hexanoic acid tert-butyl, peroxide acid tert-butyl, 3, at least a in 3-two (t-butyl peroxy) ethyl butyrate or other the relevant initiators.Hydrophobicity and water-based initiator that non-aqueous initiator can increase behind the hardened material are shared, regulate material and can be dispersed in emulsification in the water before sclerosis, have certain hydrophobicity after the sclerosis.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of natural-fiber composite material.
A kind of preparation method of natural-fiber composite material is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) gets the raw materials ready according to above-mentioned component and weight proportion;
2) water, water-base resin and water-soluble stiffening agent are added in the stirred pot, water-base resin and water-soluble stiffening agent be scattered in form emulsion in the water, then add natural fiber, phase-transfer catalyst and weighting material and mix, reacted 36～60 hours down at 80～100 ℃;
3) during the reactant transfer that will finish reaction to oven dry is provided with, and be warming up to 180～200 ℃ of oven dry, obtain product.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, described reactor should have and stirs and heating function, can be in reactor, stirred pot, twin screw extruder, single screw rod extruder or the kneader a kind of.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, described drying plant should have functions/drying, can for the stirred pot of tool functions/drying, baking box, barn, the platform that can get sun or can the platform of air-dry material in a kind of.
Unless name especially, the implication of employed here all technology and scientific terminology is identical with the common implication of understanding of the technical field of the invention those skilled in the art.Equally, all publication, patent application, patent and other bibliographys are all introduced the present invention as a reference referred in this.
Compared with prior art, natural-fiber composite material of the present invention has following characteristics:
1) the present invention only uses small amount of polymer resin natural fiber can be coated fully, obtains the splendid natural-fiber composite material of water resistance; Modified natural fiber can be used for the water-repellancy fiberboard, bakelite filler and mould the raw material of the multiple material of wood;
2) the present invention is scattered in water-base resin and water-soluble stiffening agent and forms emulsion in the water, adds natural fiber phase-transfer catalyst and weighting material, treats the moistening natural fiber post-heating of emulsion, makes water evaporates, and natural fiber is overmolding to nonabsorbent material; Compared with prior art, natural-fiber composite material preparation method operation steps of the present invention is simple, and need not with an organic solvent, acid or alkali, can not produce by products such as waste water in the production process yet.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Epoxy resin 30g, wood powder (natural fiber) 100g, silicone oil (weighting agent) 50g, quadrol (water-soluble stiffening agent) 3g, Tetrabutyl amonium bromide (phase-transfer catalyst) 1g and water 200g by weight fetch water.
The 30g aqueous epoxy resins obtains by following mode: extracting epoxy resin 15g, 4, two (4-cyanopentanoic acid) (initiator) 5g of 4-azo and vinylbenzene (monomer) 10g, with Resins, epoxy, 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid) is put into reactor with vinylbenzene and is mixed, and obtains in 1 hour at 150 ℃ of compressive reactions.
Above-mentioned water, aqueous epoxy resins, quadrol are added in the stirred pot, aqueous epoxy resins and quadrol are scattered in form emulsion in the water, then add Tetrabutyl amonium bromide, wood powder and silicone oil and mix, 80 ℃ of reactions 60 hours down; After reaction is finished, reactant transfer to baking box, and is warming up to 180 ℃ of oven dry, obtains to be coated with the powder (product) of nonabsorbent material.
Detection method and result:
1) with water droplet directly at powder surface, powder does not suck moisture content;
2) add urea-formaldehyde resin pressing plate (prior art) in powder, gained sheet material does not absorb water.
Embodiment 2
Epoxy resin 70g, wood powder (natural fiber) 500g, lard (weighting agent) 200g, quadrol (water-soluble stiffening agent) 0.3g, Tetrabutyl amonium bromide (phase-transfer catalyst) 0.01g and water 100g by weight fetch water.
The 70g aqueous epoxy resins obtains by following mode: extracting epoxy resin 49g, 4, two (4-cyanopentanoic acid) (initiator) 20g of 4-azo and vinylbenzene (monomer) 1g, with Resins, epoxy, 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid) and vinylbenzene are put into reactor and are mixed, and obtain in 1 hour at 150 ℃ of compressive reactions.
Above-mentioned water, aqueous epoxy resins, quadrol are added in the stirred pot, aqueous epoxy resins and quadrol are scattered in form emulsion in the water, then add Tetrabutyl amonium bromide, wood powder and lard and mix, 100 ℃ of reactions 48 hours down; After reaction is finished, reactant transfer to baking box, and is warming up to 200 ℃ of oven dry, obtains to be coated with the powder (product) of nonabsorbent material.
Detection method and result:
1) water droplet is directly dropped in powder surface, water droplet is not inhaled into;
2) add urea-formaldehyde resin pressing plate (prior art) in powder, gained sheet material does not absorb water.
Embodiment 3
Epoxy resin 130g, wood powder (natural fiber) 250g, native powder (weighting agent) 500g, quadrol (water-soluble stiffening agent) 5g, Tetrabutyl amonium bromide (phase-transfer catalyst) 5g and water 150g by weight fetch water.
The 130g aqueous epoxy resins obtains by following mode: extracting epoxy resin 100g, 4, two (4-cyanopentanoic acid) (initiator) 20g of 4-azo and vinylbenzene (monomer) 10g, with Resins, epoxy, 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid) and vinylbenzene are put into reactor and are mixed, and obtain in 1 hour at 150 ℃ of compressive reactions.
Above-mentioned water, aqueous epoxy resins, quadrol are added in the stirred pot, aqueous epoxy resins and quadrol are scattered in form emulsion in the water, then add Tetrabutyl amonium bromide, wood powder and native powder and mix, 100 ℃ of reactions 36 hours down; After reaction is finished, reactant transfer to baking box, and is warming up to 200 ℃ of oven dry, obtains to be coated with the powder (product) of nonabsorbent material.
Detection method and result:
1) water droplet is directly dropped in powder surface, water droplet is not inhaled into;
2) add urea-formaldehyde resin pressing plate (prior art) in powder, gained sheet material does not absorb water.
Reference examples 1
Get the 100g wood powder and add in the stirred pot,,, obtain powder product then 200 ℃ of oven dry 100 ℃ of reactions 48 hours.
Detection method and result:
1) water droplet is directly dropped in powder surface, the very fast suction of water droplet;
2) in powder, add urea-formaldehyde resin pressing plate (prior art), the suction of gained sheet material, and scatter after soaked.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. natural-fiber composite material, it is characterized in that it is by mainly comprising the preparation of following components in weight portions: 100～200 parts in 14～135 parts of water-base resins, 100～500 parts in natural fiber, 0.3～5 part of stiffening agent, 0.01～5 part of phase-transfer catalyst, 50～500 parts in weighting material and water.
2. according to the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that described water-base resin is by mainly comprising following components in weight portions preparation: 4～20 parts of 10～100 parts of non-aqueous resins and water-based initiators; Described non-aqueous resin is selected from least a in Resins, epoxy, unsaturated polyester resin, resol, urea-formaldehyde resin or the Vinylite; Described water-based initiator is selected from Sodium Persulfate, Potassium Persulphate, 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acids), 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid sodium), 4, at least a in 4-azo two (4-cyano group amylalcohol), methylethyl ketone peroxide or the cyclohexanone peroxide.
3. according to the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: described non-aqueous resin is preferably Resins, epoxy; Described water-based initiator is preferably 4,4-azo two (4-cyanopentanoic acid).
4. according to the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: also comprise 1～10 part of monomer in the described water-base resin, described monomer is selected from least a in vinylbenzene, vinyl cyanide, divinyl, butylene, vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, the different monooctyl ester of propylene, Jia Jibingxisuanyizhi, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, toxilic acid or the maleic anhydride.
5. according to the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: described monomer is preferably at least a in vinylbenzene, the acrylic or methacrylic acid methyl esters.
6. according to the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: also comprise 1～5 part non-aqueous initiator in the described water-base resin, described non-aqueous initiator is selected from 4,4-azo two (4-cyano group butane peroxy dicarbonate two-2-phenoxy group ester), peroxy dicarbonate two (4-tertiary butyl hexanaphthene), 2,5-two (2-ethyl hexanoyl peroxide)-2,5-dimethyl ethane, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide-2-ethylhexanoate, 2-tertiary butyl azo-2-dicyanopropane, 2-tertiary butyl azo-dicyanobutane, 1,1-two (t-butyl peroxy) 3,3, the 5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,1-two (t-butyl peroxy) hexanaphthene, 1-tertiary butyl azo-1-cyanocyclohexanoic alkane, O, the O-tertiary butyl-O-sec.-propyl list peroxycarbonates, butyl perbenzoate, ethyl-3,3-two (tert-butyl peroxide) butyric ester, dicumyl peroxide, the peroxidation lauric acid, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diperoxy ethylhexoate, peroxide-2-ethyl hexanoic acid tert-butyl, peroxide acid tert-butyl or 3, at least a in 3-two (t-butyl peroxy) ethyl butyrate.
7. according to the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6, it is characterized in that: described natural fiber is at least a in xylon, flaxen fiber, cotton fibre, bamboo fibers, vine fiber ti, straw fiber, sea-weed fibre, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk, paper, straw, wheat tangerine, Caulis Sacchari sinensis fiber, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), leaf, duricrust shell, melon seed cases, coffee grounds, tealeaf residue or the Chinese medicine slag;
Described water-soluble stiffening agent is selected from trolamine, quadrol, diethylenetriamine, Triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetren, polyvinylamine, phenolic aldehyde amine, 2,4,6-three (dimethylamino methyl) phenol, aqueous polyurethane, aqueous polyamide, policapram, dicyanamide, boron trifluoride-amine complex, dislike boron heterocycle boron amide complex compound, the water-based polyureas, polyetheramine, hexanediamine, amine end-blocking water-based polyimide, ammoniacal liquor, diethylin is for propylamine, water-soluble aromatic amine, isophorone diamine, thiocarbamide, at least a in mercaptan amine or thiocarbamide-polyamine condenses.
Described phase-transfer catalyst is at least a in crown ether, polyoxyethylene glycol, quaternary amine, quaternary alkylphosphonium salt, sulfonium salt or arsenic salt, cave ether, bromination Shi six alkyl San Ding Ji Phosphonium, Tetrabutyl amonium bromide or the methyl trioctylphosphine ammonium chloride;
Described weighting material is selected from silica flour, stone flour, lard, fire retardant, lubricant, peanut oil, tung oil, soya-bean oil, butter, machine oil, silicone oil, the pottery powder, silica powder, the soil powder, starch, titanium dioxide, the clay powder, carbon black, nano-carbon powder, nano clay, Graphite Powder 99, Graphene, the animal excrement powder, glass powder, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, phosphoric acid ester, titanic acid ester, the aluminic acid ester, sand, glass fiber powder, carbon fiber powder, the plastic waste powder, cement, rubble, useless foaming rubber powder, the wax powder, asphalt powder, wood charcoal powder, at least a in kaolin powder or the talcum powder.
8. the natural-fiber composite material described in according to Claim 8, it is characterized in that: described natural fiber is preferably xylon; Described phase-transfer catalyst is a Tetrabutyl amonium bromide; Described water-soluble stiffening agent is a quadrol; Described weighting material is preferably a kind of or its combination in native powder or the silicone oil.
9. the preparation method of a natural-fiber composite material is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) gets the raw materials ready according to component in the claim 7 and weight proportion;
2) water, water-base resin and water-soluble stiffening agent are added in the stirred pot, water-base resin and water-soluble stiffening agent be scattered in form emulsion in the water, then add natural fiber, phase-transfer catalyst and weighting material and mix, reacted 36～60 hours down at 80～100 ℃;
3) during the reactant transfer that will finish reaction to oven dry is provided with, and be warming up to 180～200 ℃ of oven dry, obtain product.
10. according to the preparation method of the natural-fiber composite material described in the claim 9, it is characterized in that: described reactor is a kind of in reactor, stirred pot, twin screw extruder, single screw rod extruder or the kneader; Described drying plant be the tool functions/drying stirred pot, baking box, barn, the platform that can get sun or can the platform of air-dry material in a kind of.
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