CN101779092A - 用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于通过低温蒸馏生产至少一种液态产品(53,71)和至少一种气态产品(55,61)的方法,其中,根据第一工作模式,将进料空气的至少一部分从热交换管线(19)的中间位置移出,并在低温压缩机(37)中在低温下压缩,并送至热交换管线(19)中以进一步冷却,然后送至塔系统(65,67)中,将一部分进给空气送至第一膨胀机(39);根据第二工作模式,将全部进料空气都在第二压缩机(11,17)中压缩至高于塔系统(65,67)最高塔压至少20巴的高压,该高压空气在热交换管线(19)中冷却,并且部分地被送至塔系统(65,67),该高压空气的另一部分则被送至第二膨胀机(29)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法和设备。
背景技术
经常希望有这样一种空气分离单元,所述空气分离单元当电成本较高时在至少一个周期期间至少主要生产气体,而当电成本较低时,在至少一个周期期间至少主要生产液体。本发明的空气分离设备能在上述两种工作模式中均以最佳能耗运行。
发明内容
该设备包括一空气分离塔系统,该空气分离塔系统可以为任何已知类型,但尤其可以是包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔系统,其中,高压塔和低压塔经由位于低压塔底部处的再沸冷凝器热联接,其中从高压塔顶部出来的氮在该再沸冷凝器中冷凝。
本文所提到的所有压力均指绝对压力。
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于在第一工作模式和第二工作模式下通过低温蒸馏空气来生产至少一种液态产品和至少一种气态产品的方法,该方法在第二工作模式期间所生产的作为最终产品的液体多于第一工作模式,其中,在所有的工作模式中,经压缩和净化的气态空气在热交换管线中冷却,并送至一塔系统的至少一个塔中,将富含一空气成分的液流从该塔系统的一塔中移出,并使其在热交换管线中汽化,将增压后的空气送至热交换管线中进行冷凝,然后送至所述塔系统,进料空气的一部分送至至少两个膨胀机之一,并从该膨胀机送至所述塔系统的一塔中,其中:
i)根据第一工作模式,将进料空气的至少一部分从热交换管线的中间位置移出,在一低温压缩机中在低温下压缩,并送至热交换管线中以被进一步冷却,然后送至塔系统中,将进料空气的一部分送至第一膨胀机;和
ii)根据第二工作模式,所有进料空气都在一第二压缩机中压缩至高于所述塔系统最高塔压至少20巴的高压,该高压空气在热交换管线中被冷却并部分地送至塔系统,该高压空气的另一部分则被送至第二膨胀机中。
根据本发明的可选的方面:
-根据第一工作模式,将在低温压缩机出口压力下的进料空气的一部分冷却并送至第一膨胀机;
-使低温压缩机与第一膨胀机相联接;
-使第二压缩机与第二膨胀机相联接;
-将在第二工作模式中在第二压缩机中处理过的空气和在第一工作模式中在低温压缩机中处理过的空气随后送至位于塔系统上游的一共用的输送装置;
-在第一工作模式中,该空气经由一管路从低温压缩机送至热交换管线,而在第二工作模式中,该空气经由同一管路从第二压缩机送至第二膨胀机;
-在第一工作模式中,该空气经由热交换管线的一通道从低温压缩机送至热交换管线的低温端,及在第二工作模式中,该空气经由同一通道从第二压缩机送至热交换管线的低温端。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备,该设备包括:
a)塔系统
b)热交换管线
c)主压缩机
d)与主压缩机出口相连的低温压缩机
e)与主压缩机出口相连的第二压缩机
f)第一和第二膨胀机
g)用于将空气从低温压缩机送至第一膨胀机的装置
h)用于将空气从第二压缩机送至第二膨胀机的装置
i)用于将空气从第一和第二膨胀机送至塔系统的装置
j)用于将空气在不经过第一和第二膨胀机之一的情况下经由热交换装置从低温压缩机和第二压缩机送至塔系统的装置。
根据其它可选的方面:
-所述用于将空气从低温压缩机送至第一膨胀机的装置和所述用于将空气从第二压缩机送至第二膨胀机的装置包括一共用的管路部段;
-所述用于使空气在不经过第一和第二膨胀机之一的情况下经由热交换装置从低温压缩机和第二压缩机送至塔系统的装置包括位于热交换装置中的至少一个共用通道;
-所述设备包括一第三膨胀机和用于将空气从塔系统送至该第三膨胀机并从该第三膨胀机送至热交换装置的装置。
附图说明
下面将参考附图更加详细地说明本发明。
图1、2和3示出根据本发明的空气分离单元的空气流程图。虚线表示压缩机和透平之间的连接。
具体实施方式
图1所示的方法使用一双塔系统(double column system),在该双塔系统中,高压塔65置于低压塔67的下方,并经由再沸冷凝器69与该低压塔热联接。
在所有的工作模式中,经冷却、净化和压缩的气态空气被送至高压塔65中。如本领域中众所周知的,将回流(未示出)从高压塔送至低压塔67。此外,在所有的工作模式中,将气态氮61从低压塔67的顶部移出并在热交换器19中加热,同时将废氮59从低压塔67的较低处移出并在其用于使净化单元8再生之前在热交换器19中加热。
在图1中,使所有的空气在压缩机1中压缩到15.5巴,然后在冷却器4中冷却以形成流3。经在冷却器6中进一步冷却后,该空气在净化单元8中被净化。压缩机1的出口与压缩机5的入口和热交换器19相连。
当设备在气体模式下运行时,所有来自压缩机1的空气都不作为流5送至压缩机11。所有的空气都经由打开的阀13作为流7送至热交换管线19的高温端。该空气7冷却到热交换管线19的中间温度,然后在低温压缩机(cold compressor)37中压缩至26巴。阀21打开,然后所有的压缩空气都经由管路23送回至热交换管线19,该压缩空气在管路43中进一步冷却,并在低于低温压缩机37入口温度的中间温度下分成两部分。一部分作为流41在热交换管线19中完全冷却,而余下部分33经由阀35送至与低温压缩机37联接的透平39。然后,将经膨胀的空气送至所述塔系统的塔中。在该示例中,该(经膨胀的)空气作为流45送至高压塔65,形成进入该高压塔的唯一的气态进料。
在这种工作模式中,液氧是从低压塔57的底部移出,并作为流55在泵57中加压,随后在热交换器19中汽化,以形成产品高压气态氧(HPGOX)。
当设备在液体模式下运行时,所有来自压缩机1的空气都作为流5送至压缩机11、17中并压缩到34巴,其中阀15打开和阀13关闭。然后,使该高压空气5在压缩机17中进一步压缩到47巴,然后送至热交换管线19的高温端。一旦流5经部分冷却就被分成两部分,其中一部分41在热交换管线19中经由管路43完全冷却,而余下部分31经由管路23和阀21送至透平29。将经膨胀的空气流45送至所述塔系统的塔——处为高压塔65。压缩机17与膨胀机49相联接,该膨胀机49对从高压塔中移出的空气47进行膨胀。离开膨胀机49的空气51在排入大气之前被送入热交换管线19中进行加热。压缩机12与膨胀机29相联接。
在该液体模式期间,分别将液氧LOX 53和液氮LIN 69从低压塔和高压塔中移出。此外,将液氧从低压塔57的底部移出并作为流55在泵57中加压,随后在热交换器19中汽化以形成产品高压气态氧(HP GOX)。
应该理解,根据采用的模式,多个管路具有不同的用途。冷却部段43在液体模式期间接收压力为47巴的空气并使其通过整个热交换管线进行冷却,而在气体模式期间接收来自低温压缩机37的压力为26巴的空气。此外,在两种工作模式之间部段23中的流动方向相反:在液体模式中,空气沿一个方向从热交换管线19流向透平29,而在气体模式中,空气沿另一方向从低温压缩机37流向热交换管线19。
应该理解,在气体模式期间可生产少量的液体,而在液体模式期间可生产气体。
可选地,在图1的所有工作模式中,氮61在压缩机63中压缩至较高的压力。
在图2中,使所有空气在压缩机1中压缩到15.5巴,在冷却器4中冷却以形成流3。经在冷却器6中进一步冷却后,该空气在净化单元8中进行净化。压缩机1的出口与压缩机5的入口和热交换器19相连。
当设备在气体模式下运行时,所有来自压缩机1的空气都不作为流5送至压缩机11。所有空气都经由打开的阀13作为流7送至热交换管线19的高温端。阀15关闭。该空气7冷却到热交换管线19的中间温度,然后在低温压缩机37中压缩至26巴。阀21打开,然后所有的压缩空气都经由管路23送回至热交换管线19中,该压缩空气在管路43中进一步冷却,然后在低于低温压缩机37入口温度的中间温度下分成两部分。其中一部分作为流41在热交换管线19中完全冷却,而余下部分33经由阀35送至与低温压缩机37相联接的透平39。然后,将经膨胀的空气送至所述塔系统的塔中。在该示例中,该(经膨胀的)空气作为流45送至高压塔65,形成进入该高压塔的唯一的气态进料。
在该模式中,将液氧从低压塔57的底部移出,并作为流55在泵57中加压,随后在热交换器19中汽化,以形成产品高压气态氧(HP GOX)。
当设备在液体模式下运行时,所有来自压缩机1的气体都作为流5被送至压缩机11、17中并压缩到34巴,其中阀15打开和阀13关闭。然后,将该高压空气5送至热交换管线19的高温端。一旦气流5经部分冷却,就分成两部分,其中一部分41在热交换管线19中经由管路43完全冷却,而余下部分31经由管路23和阀21送至透平29。将经膨胀的空气流45送至塔系统的塔——此处为高压塔65。压缩机17与膨胀机29相联接。
在该液体模式期间,分别使液氧LOX 53和液氮LIN 69从低压塔和高压塔中移出。此外,将液氧从低压塔57的底部移出,并作为流55在泵57中加压,随后在热交换器19中汽化,以形成产品高压气态氧(HP GOX)。
应该理解,根据所使用的模式,多个管路具有不同的用途。在液体模式期间,冷却部段43接收空气并使其通过整个热交换管线进行冷却,而在气体模式期间,该冷却部段43接收来自低温压缩机37的压力为26巴的空气。此外,在两种工作模式之间部段23中的流动方向相反:在液体模式中,气体沿一个方向从热交换管线19流向透平29,而在气体模式中,气体沿另一方向从低温压缩机37流向热交换管线19。
应该理解,在气体模式期间可生产少量的液体,而在液体模式期间可生产气体。
可选地,在图2的所有工作模式中,氮61在压缩机63中压缩到较高的压力。
在对图1进行简化后的示例中,如图3所示,只使用两个空气透平。
图3所示的方法可使用图1中示出并进行说明的双塔系统,在该双塔系统中,高压塔65置于低压塔67的下方,并经由再沸冷凝器69与该低压塔67热联接。
在所有的运行模式中,如同图1的情况那样,将经冷却、净化和压缩的气态空气送至高压塔65。如本领域中众所周知,将回流(未示出)从高压塔送至低压塔67。此外,在所有的工作模式中,将气态氮61从低压塔67的顶部移出并在热交换器19中加热,而将废氮59从低压塔67的较低处移出并在其用于使净化单元8再生之前在热交换器19中加热。
在图3中,使所有的空气在压缩机1中压缩到15.5巴,形成流3。经进一步冷却(未示出)后,该空气在净化单元(未示出)中进行净化。压缩机1的出口与压缩机5的入口和热交换器19相连。
当设备在气体模式下运行时,所有来自压缩机1的空气都不作为流5送至压缩机11。所有的空气都作为流7经由打开的阀13送至热交换管线19的高温端。该空气7被冷却到热交换管线19的中间温度,然后在低温压缩机37中被压缩到26巴。阀21打开,然后将所有的压缩空气经由管路23送回到热交换管线19,该压缩空气在管路43中进一步冷却,并在高于压缩机37入口温度的中间温度下分成两部分。其中一部分作为流41在热交换管线19中完全冷却,而余下部分33经由阀35送至与低温压缩机37相联接的透平39。然后,将经膨胀的空气送至所述塔系统的塔中。在该示例中,该(经膨胀的)空气被作为流45送至高压塔65,形成进入高压塔的唯一的气态进料。
在该模式中,液氧从低压塔57的底部移出,作为流55在泵57中加压,随后在热交换器19中汽化以形成产品高压气态氧(HP GOX)。
当设备在液体模式下运行时,所有来自压缩机1的空气都作为流5送至压缩机11中压缩到34巴,此时,阀15打开而阀13关闭。然后使高压空气5在压缩机17中进一步压缩到47巴,然后将其送至热交换管线19的高温端。一旦气流5经部分冷却,就分成两部分,其中一部分41在热交换管线19中经由管路43完全冷却,而余下部分31经由管路23送至透平29。将经膨胀的气流45送至所述塔系统的塔——此处为高压塔65。压缩机17与膨胀机29相联接。在该模式期间,分别使液氧LOX 53和液氮LIN69从低压塔和高压塔移出。此外,液氧从低压塔57的底部移出,然后作为流55在泵57中加压,随后在热交换器19中汽化,以形成产品高压气态氧(HP GOX)。
应该理解,根据所使用的模式,多个管路具有不同的用途。在液体模式期间,冷却部段43接收压力为47巴的空气并使其通过整个热交换管线进行冷却,而在气体模式期间,该冷却部段43接收来自低温压缩机37的压力为26巴的空气。此外,在两种模式之间部段23中的流动方向相反:在液体模式中,空气沿一个方向从热交换管线19流向透平29,而在气体模式中,空气沿另一方向从低温压缩机37流向热交换管线19。
对于所有的实施例,除上述气体模式和液体模式之外,还可存在其它的工作模式。
Claims (11)
1.用于在第一工作模式和第二工作模式下通过低温蒸馏空气来生产至少一种液态产品(53)和至少一种气态产品(55,61)的方法,该方法在第二工作模式期间所生产的作为最终产品的液体多于第一工作模式,其中,在所有工作模式中,将经压缩和净化的气态空气在一热交换管线(19)中冷却,并送至一塔系统(65,67)的至少一个塔中,将富含一空气成分的液流(55)从所述塔系统的一塔中移出,并使其在所述热交换管线中汽化,将经增压的空气(3)送至所述热交换管线中,经冷凝后送至所述塔系统,以及将一部分进料空气送至至少两个膨胀机(29,39)之一,并从该膨胀机送至所述塔系统的一塔中,其中:
a)根据第一工作模式,将进料空气的至少一部分(7)从所述热交换管线的中间位置移出,并在一低温压缩机(37)中在低温下压缩,并送至所述热交换管线中以进一步冷却,然后送至所述塔系统,进料空气中的一部分被送至所述第一膨胀机(39)中;和
b)根据第二工作模式,所有进料空气(5)都在一第二压缩机(11,12,17)中压缩至高于所述塔系统最高塔压至少20巴的高压,在所述热交换管线中冷却,且部分地送至所述塔系统,而另一部分高压空气则送至所述第二膨胀机(29)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据第一工作模式,将所述低温压缩机出口压力下的进料空气中的一部分冷却,并送至所述第一膨胀机(39)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述低温压缩机(37)与所述第一膨胀机(39)相联接。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二压缩机(11,12,17)与所述第二膨胀机(29)相联接。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,将在第二工作模式中在所述第二压缩机(11,12,17)中处理过的空气和在第一工作模式中在所述低温压缩机(37)中处理过的空气随后送至位于所述塔系统上游的一共用的输送装置(23)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在第一工作模式中,将所述空气经由一管路(23)从所述低温压缩机(37)送至所述热交换管线(19),而在第二工作模式中,将所述空气经由同一管路从所述第二压缩机(11,12,17)送至所述第二膨胀机(29)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在第一工作模式中,将所述空气经由所述热交换管线(19)的一通道从所述低温压缩机(37)送至该热交换管线(19)的低温端,而在第二工作模式中,将空气经由同一通道从所述第二压缩机(11,12,17)送至所述热交换管线(19)的低温端。
8.用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备,包括:
a)塔系统(65,67);
b)热交换管线(19);
c)主压缩机(1);
d)低温压缩机(37),该低温压缩机与所述主压缩机的出口相连;
e)第二压缩机(11,12,17),该第二压缩机与所述主压缩机的出口相连;
f)第一和第二膨胀机(29,39);
g)用于将空气从低温压缩机送至第一膨胀机的装置(21,23,43,33,35);
h)用于将空气从第二压缩机送至第二膨胀机的装置(21,22,23,31);
i)用于将空气从第一和第二膨胀机送至塔系统的装置(45,51);
j)用于将空气在不经过第一和第二膨胀机之一的情况下经由热交换装置从低温压缩机和第二压缩机送至塔系统的装置(41)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,所述用于将空气从低温压缩机(37)送至第一膨胀机的装置和所述用于将空气从第二压缩机(11,12)送至第二膨胀机(29)的装置包括一共用的管路部段(23)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其特征在于,所述用于将空气在不经过第一和第二膨胀机(29,39)之一的情况下经由热交换装置(19)从低温压缩机(37)和第二压缩机(11、12)送至塔系统的装置包括位于所述热交换装置中的至少一个共用通道(23)。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备包括第三膨胀机(49)和用于将空气(47)从塔系统送至该第三膨胀机并从该第三膨胀机送至热交换装置(19)的装置。
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FR2854682B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-05 | 2005-06-17 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique |
FR2854683B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-05 | 2006-09-29 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de production de gaz de l'air sous pression par distillation cryogenique d'air |
US6962062B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-11-08 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Proédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the separation of air by cryogenic distillation |
FR2864214B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-22 | 2017-04-21 | Air Liquide | Appareil de separation d'air, appareil integre de separation d'air et de production d'un metal et procede de demarrage d'un tel appareil de separation d'air |
US7272954B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-09-25 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Proceded Georges Claude | Low temperature air separation process for producing pressurized gaseous product |
FR2913759B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-13 | 2013-08-16 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de production de gaz de l'air sous forme gazeuse et liquide a haute flexibilite par distillation cryogenique. |
-
2007
- 2007-08-10 JP JP2010519320A patent/JP4908634B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-10 CN CN200780100211A patent/CN101779092A/zh active Pending
- 2007-08-10 US US12/671,927 patent/US20110197630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-10 CA CA2695817A patent/CA2695817A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-08-10 EP EP07785309.1A patent/EP2176610B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-08-10 BR BRPI0721931-8A patent/BRPI0721931A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-08-10 WO PCT/CN2007/002404 patent/WO2009021350A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104321602A (zh) * | 2011-11-25 | 2015-01-28 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | 用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设施 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2176610B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
CA2695817A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
JP4908634B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
EP2176610A4 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
WO2009021350A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
EP2176610A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
US20110197630A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
JP2010536003A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
BRPI0721931A2 (pt) | 2014-03-18 |
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