CN101774079A - Method and device for controlling residual stress on stir friction welding surface - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling residual stress on stir friction welding surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a residual stress on a stir friction welding surface. According to the method, an insulation box capable of moving along a stirring head is adopted to insulate the weld joint and parent metal after welding, and then furnace cooling is performed so as to reduce the residual stress on the stir friction welding surface. The device mainly comprises a sucking-disc type fixture, the insulation box and control equipment, wherein the insulation material mainly comprises fire bricks, asbestos and steel plates. During welding, the insulation box moves along the stirring head and insulates the welded workpiece continuously; and after the welding, the whole workpiece enters the insulation box to be insulated and is cooled with the furnace after being insulated for a certain time so as to control the residual stress on the welding surface and the deformation, wherein the insulating temperature is the critical temperature of the heat treatment of the materials. The device realizes full automation in the whole welding process and avoids the reduction in the welding quality due to a human factor. The method and the device have the advantages of simple device, convenient operation, high technical economic benefit, and high welding quality of the stir friction welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanical processing method and device, especially a kind of friction stir welding processing method and device, specifically a kind of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method and device.
Background technology
As everyone knows, friction stir welding is compared with traditional welding methods such as melt welding method, ion beam welding and laser, and its hot input quantity is low, and the distortion size of postwelding is less.But find that in the product welding process of reality the surface residual stress of friction stir welding postwelding distributes and exists certain inhomogeneities, the distortion of postwelding along with thickness of slab to reduce performance particularly outstanding.Less to the processing method of friction stir welding surface residual stress both at home and abroad at present, major part concentrates on the deformation process, deformation process mainly is the improvement of anchor clamps and the rectification aspect of postwelding, these methods have solved the problem of distortion on certain degree, but the residual stress distribution of bringing subsequently is inhomogeneities more, has seriously reduced the product serviceability of friction stir welding welding.And the used equipment of these methods is huger, and cost is higher, obtains very big restriction in the application of reality.
Application number is 200510105425.X, denomination of invention is for " Chinese patent of employing medium cooling and stirring friction welding method and device discloses a kind of employing and can follow heat sink that stirring-head moves, the weld seam that still is in the condition of high temperature is carried out the part cooling, thus the method for control welding stress and distortion.This method can only be local the control welding stress and distortion, and can not control the welding stress and distortion of whole welding material on the whole, so it is used and still has certain limitation.
Application number is 200910115722.0, denomination of invention discloses a kind of stirring-head is given birth to heat, formation weld seam to the workpiece agitating friction after for the Chinese patent of " a kind of control method of stir friction welding seam deformation ", weld metal also is in the thermoplasticity state or is lower than the thermoplasticity temperature range slightly, the rolling device butt welded seam rolls, make weld metal effectively extend, eliminate or reduce the deformation method of welding point.This method has only solved the welding deformation of commissure, and cause the surface residual stress of weld seam material around to increase, grinding pressure has also reduced the thickness of weld seam in addition, has produced serious attenuate effect, so this kind welding method is restricted for demanding parts welding.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to exist at the existing method that adopts at friction stir welding stress and distortion can only local control distortion and stress, can't obtain desirable a series of problems such as weldquality, invent a kind of in welding process, the processing and directly eliminate surface stress to obtain the residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method and the device of desirable welding quality by insulation.。
One of technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method, it is characterized in that cover is adorned an energy with the synchronization-moving incubator of stirring-head on welded part, and heat-insulation layer is installed in the clamp base of fixing welded part workpiece, utilize the base plate of anchor clamps base plate as incubator, weld seam cover after the agitating friction welding is contained in the incubator, and according to the temperature in the length adjustment incubator of cover dress weld seam, make it constant within required holding temperature value scope, and, be incubated about 0.5-2 hour to eliminate the surface residual stress of commissure welding the performance of end back according to institute's welding material.
Two of technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control device, it is characterized in that it is mainly by sucked type clamping anchor clamps 25, incubator 26 and fixed mount 7 are formed, described sucked type clamping anchor clamps 25 are mainly by base 1, insulating layer of asbestos 2, plain plate 3 and electromagnetism pressing plate 16 are formed, the both sides of base 1 extend upward and form incubator guide rail 4, insulating layer of asbestos 2 is installed on the upper surface of the base 1 between the both sides incubator guide rail 4, plain plate 3 is positioned on the insulating layer of asbestos 2, welded part 5 places on the plain plate 3, electromagnetism pressing plate 16 places respectively on two welded parts 5, be installed with electromagnetic block in the base 1, electromagnetic block links to each other with electromagnetic controller 14 by lead; Described incubator 26 is mainly by front apron 18, backboard 19, cover cap 12, heating element heater 11 and temperature sensor are formed, wherein backboard 19 is fixed on the base 1 of sucked type device anchor clamps 25 by screw, front apron 18 and 12 whole linking to each other of cover cap, cover cap 12 is movably arranged on the guide rail 4 of sucked type device anchor clamps 25 by the guide groove 27 that the set incubator guide rail 4 with in the sucked type device anchor clamps 25 of two side bottoms matches, cover cap 12 links to each other with the collar bush 8 that stirring-head 6 is installed by fixed mount 7, thereby incubator 26 is moved at the drive lower edge of stirring-head 6 guide rail 4; Described heating element heater 11 and temperature sensor all are electrically connected with temperature controller 13; Described temperature controller 13 all links to each other with control computer 15 with electromagnetic controller 14.
Described cover cap 12, front apron 18 and backboard 19 all are made up of trilaminate material, be respectively innermost layer material 22, intermediate layer material 21 and outermost material 20, wherein interior conducting shell material 22 is a refractory brick, intermediate layer material 21 is asbestos, outermost material 20 is a steel plate, and described heating element heater 11 and temperature sensor are installed in the innermost layer material 22.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts sucked type clamping anchor clamps; it is made up of trilaminate material; lowermost layer is a base material; adopt insulating materials, stud with two electromagnetic blocks in the base material the inside, and control its magnetic direction and magnetic field force size by electromagnetic controller; be covered with one deck asbestos at the base material upper surface; purpose is that the temperature of protection welding material is not is not scattered and disappeared from the bottom, is covered with one deck sheet metal on asbestos, to guarantee the level levelling of workpiece.Welding material is placed on the sheet metal, and the compacting symmetry is suppressed two electromagnetism pressing plates above welding material, and after the energising of bottom electromagnetism, the electromagnetism pressing plate that is about to the welding material top firmly holds, to reach fixedly double action of clamping.This sucked type clamping anchor clamps function had both realized the clamping fixation, had realized bottom insulation and workbench effect again.
This is that the incubator that has is installed on the sucked type clamping anchor clamps incubator guide rail, its sidewall bottom contacts with sucked type clamping anchor clamps, sucked type clamping anchor clamps constitute the bottom of incubator, the incubator top is installed on the collar bush by fixed mount, collar bush maintains static, therefore when the welding stirring-head moved forward, collar bush moved the drive fixed mount and moves, and moved along the incubator guide rail thereby drive incubator; The backboard of incubator is fixed on a side of sucked type clamping anchor clamps, when incubator when the incubator guide rail moves, workpiece after the welding progresses in the incubator, be installed in front and rear baffle this moment and surround the sidewall of workpiece and the heating wire on the top and temperature sensor are started working, the critical-temperature that temperature is added insulation, insulation subsequently, along with moving on of welding, other heating wire and temperature sensor on incubator sidewall and the top are worked in succession, final assurance welding work pieces all enters incubator and is incubated certain hour, with the stove cooling, can control the welding work pieces postwelding like this and can not produce very big surface residual stress and distortion subsequently because of sharply cooling off.In insulating process, because welding material is a metal, the heat of insulation can be delivered to the not position of welding, plays pre-heat effect, thereby has reduced the frictional heat of the shaft shoulder in addition, and shaft shoulder pressure reduces, and the attenuate degree of weld seam reduces.Welding quality is greatly improved.
Residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method of the present invention can realize the omnidistance numerical control control of welding process, only need design relevant parameters (as speed of welding, the welding concluding time, satisfy electric current, voltage that clamping power requires, the critical-temperature of insulation, temperature retention time etc.), the started by press button, system will finish whole process automatically, helps improving the intelligent level of welding.Thermal-insulating sealing performance of the present invention is good simultaneously, and the welding quality that can avoid causing because of the artificial origin descends.
Apparatus of the present invention are simple, and are easy to operate, and the technical economic benefit height can guarantee the welding quality of friction stir welding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a residual stress on stir friction welding surface control device schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sucked type clamping anchor clamps of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of incubator of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the fixed mount that links to each other with collar bush of incubator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the distribution of vertical surface residual stress of conventional agitating friction welding of the thick aluminium alloy plate of 10mm and the welding of apparatus of the present invention agitating friction;
Fig. 6 is the distribution of vertical remaining plastic strain of conventional agitating friction welding of the thick aluminium alloy plate of 10mm and the welding of apparatus of the present invention agitating friction;
Fig. 7 is the distribution of vertical surface residual stress of conventional agitating friction welding of the thick aluminium alloy plate of 20mm and the welding of apparatus of the present invention agitating friction;
Fig. 8 is the distribution of vertical remaining plastic strain of conventional agitating friction welding of the thick aluminium alloy plate of 20mm and the welding of apparatus of the present invention agitating friction.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment one.
As shown in Figure 1.
A kind of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method, at first cover is adorned an energy with the synchronization-moving incubator of stirring-head on welded part, and the base plate of heat-insulation layer as incubator is installed in the clamp base of fixing welded part workpiece, weld seam cover after the agitating friction welding is contained in the incubator, and according to the temperature in the length adjustment incubator of cover dress weld seam, make it constant within required holding temperature value scope, and welding the performance of end back according to institute's welding material, be incubated and carry out after about 0.5-2 hour with the stove cooling to eliminate the surface residual stress of commissure, concrete temperature retention time can be determined that the temperature of insulation is the material hot treatment critical-temperature by consulting relevant material heat treatment handbook.
Embodiment two.
Shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4.
A kind of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control device, it is mainly by sucked type clamping anchor clamps 25, incubator 26, fixed mount 7 and control system are formed, as shown in Figure 1, described sucked type clamping anchor clamps 25 are mainly by base 1, insulating layer of asbestos 2, plain plate 3 and electromagnetism pressing plate 16 are formed, as shown in Figure 2, the both sides of base 1 extend upward and form incubator guide rail 4, insulating layer of asbestos 2 is installed on the upper surface of the base 1 between the both sides incubator guide rail 4, plain plate 3 is positioned on the insulating layer of asbestos 2, welded part 5 places on the plain plate 3, electromagnetism pressing plate 16 places respectively on two welded parts 5, be installed with electromagnetic block in the base 1, electromagnetic block links to each other by lead and electromagnetic controller 14 (can directly from market purchasing), and the big I of electromagnetic force is determined by conventional calculating.Described incubator 26 is mainly by front apron 18, backboard 19, cover cap 12, heating element heater 11 and temperature sensor are formed, as shown in Figure 3, wherein backboard 19 is fixed on the base 1 of sucked type device anchor clamps 25 by screw, front apron 18 and 12 whole linking to each other of cover cap, cover cap 12 is movably arranged on the guide rail 4 of sucked type device anchor clamps 25 by the guide groove 27 that the set incubator guide rail 4 with in the sucked type device anchor clamps 25 of two side bottoms matches, cover cap 12 links to each other with the collar bush 8 that stirring-head 6 is installed by fixed mount 7, thereby incubator 26 is moved at the drive lower edge of stirring-head 6 guide rail 4; One end of fixed mount 7 links to each other with collar bush 8 by screwed hole 9 and screw nail 10, the other end is provided with screw 24, and cover cap 12 is provided with screw 23, and screw 24 and screw 23 link to each other by attachment screw, thereby make cover cap 12 with because of demilitarized zone frame 7 links to each other, as Fig. 3.Described heating element heater 11 all (can adopt control circuit relevant on prior art or the textbook to be realized with temperature controller 13 with temperature sensor, also can be by common electric technical staff's self design of this area) be electrically connected, described temperature controller 13 all links to each other with control computer 15 (CPU should adopt the four above processors of running quickly) with electromagnetic controller 14.Forming cover cap 12, front apron 18 and the backboard 19 of incubator 26 all is made up of trilaminate material, as shown in Figure 3, be respectively innermost layer material 22, intermediate layer material 21 and outermost material 20, wherein interior conducting shell material 22 is a refractory brick, intermediate layer material 21 is asbestos, outermost material 20 is a steel plate, and described heating element heater 11 and temperature sensor are installed in the innermost layer material 22.
Details are as follows:
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method, and according to of the present invention, this system comprises sucked type clamping anchor clamps, incubator and control appliance.Sucked type clamping anchor clamps are made up of clamping base 1, insulating layer of asbestos 2, plain plate 3, incubator guide rail 4 and electro permanent magnetic pressing plate 16; Incubator is mainly by incubator cover cap 12, front apron 18, backboard 19, heating element heater 11 (can adopt heating wire) and temperature sensor), screwed hole 23 and fixed mount 7 form; Control appliance mainly is made up of temperature controller 13, electromagnetic controller 14 and control computer 15 (also can adopt micro computer).
The present invention is in welding process, and incubator backboard 19 is fixed on suction clip one end, and front apron 18 is along with welding direction of advance advanced in unison, and whole incubator upper part is contained on the incubator guide rail 4 of suction clip, and moves along guide rail 4; Sheet material after the welding enters the incubator internal insulation, and along with moving on of welding, the heating wire and the temperature sensor that are distributed in casing are worked in succession, guarantee that the temperature of incubator reaches a certain critical-temperature of demand all the time, after welding finished, the insulation certain hour cooled off with stove again.
Device not only plays and reduces the material residual stress on stir friction welding surface among the present invention, but also can carry out preheating to the material before welding in advance, reducing the pressure of the stirring-head shaft shoulder, thereby reduces the thickness thinning of weld seam.
The concrete course of work of the present invention is:
Sucked type clamping anchor clamps are made up of trilaminate material; lowermost layer is a base material 1; adopt insulating materials; stud with two electromagnetic blocks in the base material the inside, on its guide line 17 guiding electromagnetic controllers, and by electromagnetic controller 14 its magnetic direction of control and magnetic field force sizes; be covered with one deck asbestos 2 at the base material upper surface; purpose is that the temperature of protection welding material is not is not scattered and disappeared from the bottom, is covered with one deck sheet metal 3 on asbestos, to guarantee the level levelling of workpiece.Welding material is placed on the sheet metal, and symmetry is suppressed two electromagnetism pressing plates 16 above welding material, and after the energising of base 1 electromagnetism, the electromagnetism pressing plate 16 that is about to the welding material top firmly holds, to reach fixedly double action of clamping.This sucked type clamping anchor clamps function had both realized the clamping fixation, had realized bottom insulation and workbench effect again.
Be installed in the incubator on the sucked type clamping anchor clamps incubator guide rail 4, its sidewall bottom contacts with sucked type clamping anchor clamps incubator guide rail 4, sucked type clamping anchor clamps constitute the bottom of incubator, the incubator top is installed on the collar bush 8 by fixed mount 7, and links to each other with collar bush 8 with holding screw 10 by the screwed hole 9 on the fixed mount 7.Be connected by the screwed hole 23 of screw, thereby guaranteed linking to each other of fixed mount 7 and incubator top screwed hole on the fixed mount 7 24 and incubator top.When welding stirring-head 6 moved forward, collar bush 8 moved drive fixed mount 7 along the weld seam welding direction and moves, and fixed mount 7 drives incubators and moves along incubator guide rail 4; The backboard 19 of incubator is fixed on a side of sucked type clamping anchor clamps, when incubator when incubator guide rail 4 moves, workpiece after the welding progresses in the incubator, be installed in front and rear baffle 18 this moment, 19 and surround the sidewall of workpiece and the heating wire on the top 11 and temperature sensor and start working, the critical-temperature that temperature is added insulation, insulation subsequently, along with moving on of welding, other heating wire 11 and temperature sensor on incubator sidewall and the top are worked in succession, final assurance welding work pieces all enters incubator and is incubated certain hour, with the stove cooling, can control the welding work pieces postwelding like this and can not produce very big surface residual stress and distortion subsequently because of sharply cooling off.In insulating process, because welding material is a metal, the heat of insulation can be delivered to the not position of welding, plays pre-heat effect, has reduced the frictional heat of the shaft shoulder, thereby has reduced shaft shoulder pressure in addition, and the attenuate amount of throat depth reduces.Welding quality is greatly improved.
The omnidistance numerical control control of the practicable welding process of residual stress on stir friction welding surface control device of the present invention, only need design relevant parameters (as speed of welding, the welding concluding time, satisfy electric current, voltage that clamping power requires, the critical-temperature of insulation, temperature retention time etc.), the started by press button system can be finished whole process automatically, fully realized intelligent welding, the thermal-insulating sealing performance is good, and the welding quality of avoiding causing because of the artificial origin descends.
Below be two concrete welding examples that utilize method and apparatus of the present invention to carry out, for a person skilled in the art, can carry out the welding of various materials and carry out the selection of parameter according to concrete material with reference to above-mentioned summary of the invention and following example.
Embodiment 1
Selecting thickness for use is the aluminum alloy plate materials of 10mm, respectively with conventional friction stir welding welding with adopt the device of the designed residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method of the present invention to carry out the friction stir welding welding, the standard of two kinds of methods is identical, being the stirring-head speed of mainshaft is 400rpm, and speed of welding is 100mm/min.When using apparatus of the present invention, the temperature of insulation is 450 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1 hour (when specifically implementing, according to the difference of welding material, temperature retention time did not generally wait from 0.5-2 hour, can consult associated materials heat treatment handbook and be determined, cool off with stove then down together).The postwelding determination and analysis distribution situation of plate inner surface residual stress and remaining plastic strain, from Fig. 5,6 as can be seen, during conventional welding, the weld metal zone surface residual stress is very big, afterflow is also very big simultaneously; Adopt apparatus of the present invention, the weld metal zone surface residual stress is obviously reduced, about 50% for routine weldering method, and afterflow is also less, is about 10% of routine weldering method.
Selecting thickness for use is the aluminum alloy plate materials of 20mm, respectively with conventional friction stir welding welding with adopt the device of the designed residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method of the present invention to carry out the friction stir welding welding, the standard of two kinds of methods is identical, being the stirring-head speed of mainshaft is 1000rpm, and speed of welding is 50mm/min.When using apparatus of the present invention, the temperature of insulation is 480 ℃, and temperature retention time is 1 hour, cools off with stove then.The postwelding determination and analysis distribution situation of plate inner surface residual stress and remaining plastic strain, from Fig. 7,8 as can be seen, during conventional welding, the weld metal zone surface residual stress is very big, afterflow is also very big simultaneously; Adopt apparatus of the present invention, the weld metal zone surface residual stress is obviously reduced, about 30% for routine weldering method, and afterflow is also less, is about 4% of routine weldering method.
The part that the present invention does not relate to prior art that maybe can adopt all same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (3)
1. residual stress on stir friction welding surface control method, it is characterized in that cover is adorned an energy with the synchronization-moving incubator of stirring-head on welded part, and heat-insulation layer is installed in the clamp base of fixing welded part workpiece, utilize the base plate of anchor clamps base plate as incubator, weld seam cover after the agitating friction welding is contained in the incubator, and according to the temperature in the length adjustment incubator of cover dress weld seam, make it constant within required holding temperature value scope, and, be incubated about 0.5-2 hour to eliminate the surface residual stress of commissure welding the performance of end back according to institute's welding material.
2. residual stress on stir friction welding surface control device, it is characterized in that it is mainly by sucked type clamping anchor clamps (25), incubator (26) and fixed mount (7) are formed, described sucked type clamping anchor clamps (25) are mainly by base (1), insulating layer of asbestos (2), plain plate (3) and electromagnetism pressing plate (16) are formed, the both sides of base (1) extend upward and form incubator guide rail (4), insulating layer of asbestos (2) is installed on the upper surface of the base (1) between the both sides incubator guide rails (4), plain plate (3) is positioned on the insulating layer of asbestos (2), welded part (5) places on the plain plate (3), electromagnetism pressing plate (16) places respectively on two welded parts (5), base is installed with electromagnetic block in (1), and electromagnetic block links to each other with electromagnetic controller (14) by lead; Described incubator (26) is mainly by front apron (18), backboard (19), cover cap (12), heating element heater (11) and temperature sensor are formed, wherein backboard (19) is fixed on the base (1) of sucked type device anchor clamps (25) by screw, front apron (18) links to each other with cover cap (12) is whole, cover cap (12) is movably arranged on the guide rail (4) of sucked type device anchor clamps (25) by the guide groove (27) that the set incubator guide rail (4) with in the sucked type device anchor clamps (25) of two side bottoms matches, cover cap (12) links to each other with the collar bush that stirring-head (6) are installed (8) by fixed mount (7), thereby incubator (26) is moved at the drive lower edge of stirring-head (6) guide rail (4); Described heating element heater (11) and temperature sensor all are electrically connected with temperature controller (13); Described temperature controller (13) all links to each other with control computer (15) with electromagnetic controller (14).
3. device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described cover cap (12), front apron (18) and backboard (19) all be made up of trilaminate material, be respectively innermost layer material (22), intermediate layer material (21) and outermost material (20), wherein interior conducting shell material (22) is a refractory brick, intermediate layer material (21) is asbestos, outermost material (20) is a steel plate, and described heating element heater (11) and temperature sensor are installed in the innermost layer material (22).
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