Heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe, belong to solar thermal energy and utilize technical field.
Background technology
Solar thermal collector is the extremely crucial parts of solar energy optical-thermal conversion, and its structure and operational mode have determined the total cost of security, lifetime of system and the system of the conversion efficiency of solar energy, the environment that utilization is installed, system's operation.
What consumption was maximum at present is exactly all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube, because the manufacturing process of glass heat-collecting vacuum tube is simple, energy consumption is low, and discharging is few, and unprecedented industrialization also makes that the manufacturing cost of glass-vacuum tube is extremely low! And glass heat-collecting vacuum tube is anticorrosion, and is less scaling.So be convenient to penetration and promotion.But fatal shortcoming be not pressure-bearing, be prone to booster, not antifreeze, be difficult to be applied on the heat collecting engineering.
At present the vacuum heat-pipe thermal-collecting tube has certain universal amount, and its advantage is, can bearing operation, and vacuum tube is contact working medium not, so there is not the problem of booster and bursting by freezing.Though heat pipe is itself is the superconduction heat transfer element; But its endotherm section (heat absorption evaporator section) is to lean on aluminum fin to clamp cooperation with it; There is certain air gap; The heat conduction is bad, and the selective thermal absorber coatings heat transmission of the aluminium wing and vacuum tube inner tube outer surface mainly is radiation and transfer of air, so heat transfer efficiency is also very low.Moreover because the structure of heat collector is limit, the area of heat pipe condensation radiating segment is big inadequately, so not enough with the heat of working medium.Because glass-vacuum tube is in empty solarization state for a long time, the selective heat absorbing coating of glass-vacuum tube inner tube outer surface (magnetic control sputtering vacuum coating) very easily comes off again; Heat pipe is copper material, under hot state, corrodes easily and fouling, so the life-span of vacuum heat-pipe thermal-collecting tube has only about 5-10.And manufacturing cost is very high.
The glassy metal thermal-collecting tube is made up of two parts, heat collection body and heat-insulation layer.If directly adopt metal and glass evacuated sealing-in (can be directly with glass-sealed metal seldom, present using always can be cut down metal, but not anticorrosion); Its technology is quite complicated, and yield rate is extremely low, and cost is high; Because system is operating uneven in temperature, burst more easily, air leakage failure again.So application is very few on the product for civilian use, is used for slot type thermal-arrest electricity generation system more.In solar water preparation, heating, refrigeration system engineering, the cost of solar thermal collector has accounted for the 70%-80% of all-work cost.How to research and develop make brand new ideas, cheaply, the popularization that is directly connected to solar engineering of high efficiency, pressure-bearing, safe and reliable operation, long-life (20-30) solar thermal collector with popularize.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of glass tube with vacuum not contact working medium, pressure-bearing, anticorrosion, the thermal efficiency is high, thermal emissivity is low heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe.
The present invention to achieve these goals; The technical scheme that is adopted is: a kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe; Comprise thermal-collecting tube, connecting pipe, temperature sensor, heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector link slot, glass heat-collecting vacuum tube is connected with connecting pipe, and said thermal-collecting tube comprises glass evacuated insulating tube and collector metal pipe; The collector metal pipe places in the glass evacuated insulating tube, is filled with silica gel stop bit packing ring between glass evacuated insulating tube afterbody and collector metal pipe.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said collector metal tubing matter is 304 stainless steel tube outer surface electroless coppers.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: black nickel plating layer after the copper facing of said collector metal pipe.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe comprises water injection pipe, fill cycle runner, and water injection pipe one end is connected with the fill cycle runner, body places in the collector metal pipe.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe has a water injection pipe at least.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said fill cycle runner places in the connecting pipe; The runner blind plate is set between the fill cycle runner; Fill cycle runner one end is that cold water working medium inlet, the other end are the hot water sender property outlet; Said water injection pipe is installed between cold water working medium main-inlet and the runner blind plate, and said fill cycle runner has breach and collects mouth for hot water working medium between runner blind plate and hot water sender property outlet, be connected with connecting pipe.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said a kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe also comprises heating tape, and heating tape is attached at connecting pipe and is connected relative connecting pipe inwall with thermal-collecting tube.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said connecting pipe is surrounded by heat-insulation layer outward; Heat-insulation layer is surrounded by lagging casing outward; Said thermal-collecting tube places on the thermal-collecting tube tailstock that meets the thermal-collecting tube polycrystalline substance; Said lagging casing two ends heat collector link slot respectively are connected, and heat-collecting tube tail seat is connected with the heat collector link slot other end, and heat-collecting tube tail seat and heat collector link slot junction are equipped with the firm plate of triangle.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe one preferred version of the present invention: said water-injection pressure-bearing circulating full-glass vacuum tube heat collector adopts mandatory water circulation.
The method of attachment that a kind of thermal-collecting tube according to the invention is connected with connecting pipe: said connecting pipe is with plantation form welding screw; The flange circle formula pressure ring that is placed in the glass evacuated insulating tube mouth of pipe presses solidly silica gel vaccum seal ring, silica gel stop bit packing ring, set metal pipe box in screw, with nut fixed seal connection connecting pipe.
The selection of collector metal tube outer surface coating for selective absorption according to the invention: coating for selective absorption is an important step of solar thermal utilization, and it has material impact to the thermal conversion efficiency of system.If the optical property of coating is unstable, the hot property of whole system just can not get guaranteeing.Coating for selective absorption can be divided into 4 types of absorption/combinations of reflections rete, surperficial texture rete, resonance scattering rete and compound interference absorbing membranous layers, and wherein absorption/combinations of reflections rete and compound interference absorbing membranous layer are used the most common.Absorption/combinations of reflections rete generally designs by means of the absorption of semi-conducting material and the infrared external reflection of metallic substrate surface.It utilizes the electronic structure of semiconductor substance; Select natural or artificial synthetic semi-conducting material with suitable energy gap Eg; Absorb the solar radiation photon of energy greater than Eg; Thereby make the valence electron of material get into conduction band, and the photon of energy less than Eg seen through, thereby the infrared external reflection characteristic of surface of bottom material works.The compound interference absorbing membranous layer is that the light to a certain wavelength can produce destructive interference effect during by the deielectric-coating of non-absorption and absorbing composite membrane metal substrate or bottom film combination.This effect will absorb the solar energy of this wavelength when occurring in the peak wavelength of solar spectrum.Single inteferometer coating can only make that the reflectivity of a certain wavelength equals zero in the solar spectrum, absorb the solar energy of whole solar spectrum wave band, will design compound multilayer film.Practical coating for selective absorption should have following characteristic: 1. maximum absorptivity is arranged in the wave-length coverage of solar spectrum, the practicality coating is generally required α>=0.9; 2. when wavelength X>2.5 μ m, high to the greatest extent reflectivity ρ is arranged, promptly in the serviceability temperature scope, its hemisphere emission is better more than more little, general operational requirement ε≤0.1.
Utilize outer membrane that the radiation less than critical wavelength is had higher absorbability, the radiation greater than critical wavelength is had good transmittance, black nickel-copper-stainless-steel base material film architecture is selected in the absorption of the highly reflective of underlying metal skin covering of the surface/combinations of reflections rete.From low-cost and technology easy; Selecting electroless copper for use is the high infrared reflection film; With the black nickel plating layer serves as that high thickness and the surface microscopic shape that absorbs outer coating has bigger influence to α and ε; So must on technology, control electroplating time, current density and bath temperature are so that the thickness and the surface quality of control rete.The optical property of black nickel plating coating is relevant with the fineness of the thickness of black nickel coating and substrate surface, and is relevant with coating process.The optical property of double-deck black nickel coating is superior to the optical property of the black nickel coating of individual layer, and double-deck black nickel coating can obtain through the way that increases current density by the time in proportion suddenly.The optimum thickness of double-deck black nickel coating is 0.048~0.063mg/cm
2, the optimum thickness of the black nickel coating of individual layer is 0.040~0.052mg/cm
2For effectively reducing the emissivity of black nickel coating, must improve the fineness of substrate surface.By thermal-collecting tube α>=0.94 that above technology makes, ε≤0.06.
Its bearing capacity of a kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe of the present invention is greatly improved.Heat-collecting tube tail seat is designed to meet the shape of glass-vacuum tube thermal-collecting tube afterbody, has the performance of counter-bending distortion, superhard reinforcement.Heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector link slot, connecting pipe lagging casing constitute the basic framework of heat collector, and heat-collecting tube tail seat, while heat collector link slot junction install the firm version of triangle additional makes its basic framework more stable.Connecting pipe has adopted new technology with being connected of thermal-collecting tube in addition, not only installs sealing gasket additional, and through bolt sealing gasket is fixed on the connecting pipe, and its sealing, bearing capacity are all strengthened.Notes pressure increase along with cold water through heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector basic framework decomposition pressure, remains under the stable status its this heat collector and works.
A kind of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe operation principle of the present invention is the natural microcirculation method that changes former heat collector; But with forced circulation cold water through fill cycle runner batch (-type) (time is 30-300 second) through extending to the bottom that is injected into each collector metal pipe near the water injection pipe of collector metal pipe bottom respectively; Behind the solar irradiation, the coating of collector metal tube outer surface absorbs energy, heating water conservancy project matter; When the fluid temperature of experiencing connecting pipe outlet position when temperature sensor reaches a certain setting value; Circulating pump starts, and cold water re-injects the bottom of glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, simultaneously hot water is ejected.Water conservancy project matter does not contact with glass insulating layer, has avoided booster, the bursting by freezing of glass heat-insulating pipe.In case and the insulating tube fragmentation can not influence the operation of whole system yet.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, select the stainless steel tube elder generation electroless copper of thin-walled polishing to form infrared reflection film, the technology of plating again with black nickel is simple and feasible, i.e. energy-conserving and environment-protective have improved the light radiation absorption efficiency again widely.Traditional thermal-collecting tube is that the selectivity coatings absorbing light energy by inner tube outer surface passes to water conservancy project matter by glass again, because of glass is the poor conductor that conducts heat, so heat transfer efficiency is far below the heat transfer efficiency of stainless steel tube.Be sleeved on the outer transparent vacuum insulation glass tube of collector metal pipe and be more prone to make, because of having removed the magnetron sputtering plating link from, its cost significantly reduces.
2, the present invention has changed the problem of current disclosed heat collector water inlet of order and delivery port short-circuit flow, adopts cold water and go out hot water to be separated.
3, common all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector, phenomenon such as the Secondary Flow that produces because of free convection heat transfer, short-circuit flow, eddy current, turbulence causes that thermal starting is slow, the thermal efficiency is low, has also obtained solution because of the pressure thermal cycle among the present invention.
4, in the past all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector, because of the natural microcirculation of water conservancy project matter in the thermal-collecting tube, the thermal-collecting tube bottom is prone to deposition impurity wadding dirt, and the problem of easy to clean does not solve because of the straight-through thermal-collecting tube of water injection pipe of the present invention bottom yet.And can be because of forced circulation, the filter filtering of the system that flows through.
5, owing to special construction of the present invention, the water injection pipe near the thermal-collecting tube bottom through the circulation of drawing water of system, can blot the water conservancy project matter in the thermal-collecting tube very easily, and all-glass solar vacuum tubular collector can get into antifreeze or service mode.
6, adapt to the utilization that the special module structure of pressure-bearing (0.65MP-1.0MP) has solved skyscraper Nan Li face wall.
7, water conservancy project matter does not contact with glass insulating layer, has avoided booster, the bursting by freezing of glass heat-insulating pipe.In case and the insulating tube fragmentation can not influence the operation of whole system yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe partial enlarged drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe connecting pipe of the present invention is connected sketch map with thermal-collecting tube.
Fig. 4 heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe connecting pipe of the present invention is connected vertical view with thermal-collecting tube;
Fig. 5 heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe collector metal of the present invention pipe sketch map;
Fig. 6 heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe collector metal of the present invention pipe vertical view.
Among the figure, 1-fill cycle runner, 2-connecting pipe lagging casing, the 3-connecting pipe, 4-hot water working medium is collected mouth, 5-temperature sensor; The 6-heating tape, 7-hot water sender property outlet, 8-runner blind plate, 9-heat collector link slot, the firm plate of 10-triangle, 11-heat-collecting tube tail seat; 12-cold water working medium inlet, 13-vaccum seal ring, 14-water injection pipe, 15-heating tape outlet, 16-heat-insulation layer, 17-screw; The glass evacuated insulating tube of 18-, 19-collector metal pipe, 20-deceives nickel coating, 21-silica gel stop bit packing ring
The specific embodiment
Heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe as shown in Figure 1 comprises thermal-collecting tube, connecting pipe 3, temperature sensor 5, thermal-collecting tube tail seat 11, heat collector link slot 9, water injection pipe 14, fill cycle runner 1.
Thermal-collecting tube comprises glass evacuated insulating tube 18 and collector metal pipe 19, and collector metal pipe 19 places in the glass evacuated insulating tube 18, and glass evacuated insulating tube 18 afterbodys and 19 of collector metal pipes are filled with silica gel stop bit packing ring 21.
Collector metal pipe 19 is selected the stainless steel tube of thin-walled polishing for use, and selecting electroless copper for use is the high infrared reflection film, serves as the high outer coating that absorbs with the black nickel plating layer, and the optimum thickness of double-deck black nickel coating is 0.048~0.063mg/cm
2, the optimum thickness of the black nickel coating of individual layer is 0.040~0.052mg/cm
2For effectively reducing the emissivity of black nickel coating, must improve the fineness of substrate surface.By thermal-collecting tube α>=0.94 that above technology makes, ε≤0.06.(like Fig. 3, shown in 5)
Water injection pipe 14 1 ends are connected with fill cycle runner 1, water injection pipe 14 bodys place collector metal pipe 19, water injection pipe 14 other ends are near collector metal pipe 19 bottoms.Water injection pipe 14 and the 19 supporting uses of collector metal pipe have this configuration of cover at least in the heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe.
Fill cycle runner 1 places in the connecting pipe 3; 1 of fill cycle runner is provided with runner blind plate 8; Fill cycle runner 1 one ends are that cold water working medium main-inlet 12, the other end are hot water sender property outlet 7; Water injection pipe 14 is installed between cold water working medium main-inlet 12 and the runner blind plate 8, and it is that hot water working medium collects mouthfuls 4 that fill cycle runner 1 has breach at runner blind plate 8 and 7 of hot water sender property outlets, and hot water working medium is collected mouthfuls 4 and communicated with connecting pipe 3.(like Fig. 1, shown in 2)
The connecting pipe 3 outer heat-insulation layers 16 that are surrounded by, the heat-insulation layer 16 outer lagging casings 2 that are surrounded by.Connecting pipe 3 adopts 2.0mm, 304# stainless steel tube, and the welding end socket is processed, and cut is all adopted in all perforates, in the hope of optimum precision and least amount of deformation.Collector metal pipe extension is equipped with screw, and connecting pipe is with plantation form welding screw, and silica gel vacuum seal pad, collector metal pipe box weld screw in connecting pipe, fix with nut.The silica gel vacuum seal pad fixing glass vacuum heat-preserving tube mouth of pipe, filling gel stop bit packing ring presses solidly sealing with above-mentioned connection between the glass evacuated insulating tube mouth of pipe and the nut.(like Fig. 3, shown in 4) this kind connection changed in the past simple silica gel sealing snare envelope between the glass heat-collecting vacuum tube and connecting pipe be can not pressure-bearing shortcoming, be 30-50 the service life of silica gel vaccum seal ring simultaneously.
Thermal-collecting tube places on the heat-collecting tube tail seat 11 that meets the thermal-collecting tube polycrystalline substance.Heat-collecting tube tail seat 11 is designed to meet the shape of thermal-collecting tube afterbody, has the performance of counter-bending distortion, superhard reinforcement.
Heat-collecting tube tail seat 11, heat collector link slot 9, connecting pipe lagging casing 8 constitute the basic framework of heat collector, and heat-collecting tube tail seat 11, while heat collector link slot 9 junctions install the firm version 10 of triangle additional makes its basic framework more stable.(as shown in Figure 1)
Heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe also comprises heating tape 6, and heating tape 6 is attached at connecting pipe 3 and is connected relative connecting pipe 3 inwalls with glass heat-collecting vacuum tube 13, draws through heating tape outlet 15.The effect that adds heating tape 6 is in order to obtain better heating effect.
Heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe adopts mandatory water circulation, utilizes the mandatory water circulation of pump batch (-type).
Heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe is equipped with temperature sensor 5 at hot water sender property outlet 7.
The method of work of heat collecting module of metal-glass sheathing heat collecting pipe is: fill cycle runner 1 separates hot and cold water, and cold water is injected into the fill cycle runner 1 that the hot water that will heat then collector metal pipe 19 bottoms ejects.Cold water is injected into the bottom of each collector metal pipe 19 respectively through fill cycle runner 1 batch (-type); Behind the solar irradiation, the coating of collector metal pipe 19 outer surfaces absorbs energy, heating water conservancy project matter; When the fluid temperature of experiencing connecting pipe outlet position when temperature sensor 5 reaches a certain setting value; Circulating pump starts, and cold water re-injects the bottom of glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, simultaneously hot water is ejected.Water conservancy project matter and glass evacuated insulating tube are inconsistent, have avoided the generation of problems such as glass evacuated insulating tube booster.
Load performance of the present invention is embodied in: be designed to meet the basic framework of thermal-collecting tube tail shape heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector link slot, connecting pipe lagging casing formation heat collector, heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector link slot, connecting pipe lagging casing are aluminium alloy extrusions and process.Heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector link slot junction install the firm version of triangle additional simultaneously.Connecting pipe has adopted new technology with being connected of all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube in addition, not only installs sealing gasket additional, and through bolt sealing gasket is fixed on the connecting pipe, and its sealing, bearing capacity are all strengthened.Notes pressure increase along with cold water through heat-collecting tube tail seat, heat collector basic framework decomposition pressure, remains under the stable status its this heat collector and works.
The present embodiment water-injection pressure-bearing circulating full-glass vacuum tube heat collector course of work is the natural microcirculation method that changes former heat collector; But with forced circulation cold water through fill cycle runner batch (-type) (time is 30-300 second) through extending to the bottom that is injected into each glass heat-collecting vacuum tube near the water injection pipe of glass heat-collecting vacuum tube bottom respectively; Behind the solar irradiation, the selectivity plated film of glass heat-collecting vacuum tube inner layer outer surface absorbs energy, heating water conservancy project matter; When the fluid temperature of experiencing connecting pipe outlet position when temperature sensor reaches a certain setting value; Circulating pump starts, and cold water re-injects the bottom of glass heat-collecting vacuum tube, simultaneously hot water is ejected.
The above; Be merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention; But protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; Any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.