CN101761940A - Non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and combustion-supporting device - Google Patents
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and combustion-supporting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101761940A CN101761940A CN200910201101A CN200910201101A CN101761940A CN 101761940 A CN101761940 A CN 101761940A CN 200910201101 A CN200910201101 A CN 200910201101A CN 200910201101 A CN200910201101 A CN 200910201101A CN 101761940 A CN101761940 A CN 101761940A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and combustion-supporting device, which comprises an inner electrode, an outer electrode, an insulating barrier medium and high-pressure AC power supply, wherein the inner electrode is a hollow metal pipe; the inner electrode passes through the inner metal pipe; the outer electrode is made from metal net; the insulating barrier medium is inserted between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, and is coaxially arranged with the inner electrode and the outer electrode; and the high-pressure AC power supply is connected with the outer electrode to apply AC voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, so that gas in a gap between the inner electrode and the outer electrode is broken down. Compared with the existing plasma igniting device, the non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and combustion-supporting device has the advantages that the temperature of the non-equilibrium plasma is low, the power consumption is low, the chemical activity is good, the temperature of the electrode is low, and the device can run for a long term without cooling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to advanced field of combustion technology, specifically, is a kind of auxiliary combustion equipment that improves gaseous fuel ignition performance, efficiency of combustion and combustion stability, can be used for industries such as aviation, chemical industry, generating, metallurgy.Relate to a kind of non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and auxiliary combustion equipment especially.
Background technology
In the production process of chemical industry, petroleum industry, steel and iron industry, all can produce some low-calorie gaseous fuels.With the blast furnace gas is example, and it is the associated gas that ironmaking processes produces, contained combustible component CO, H
2Less, and inert gas CO
2, N
2More, calorific value only is 2.5～3.5MJ/Nm
3The problem that gas turbine runs into when burning blast-furnace gas has: 1) the low ignition difficulties that makes of calorific value; 2) H
2The less poor combustion stability that makes of content, it is flame-out that rare attitude takes place easily; 3) phenomenon of CO incomplete combustion takes place down in running on the lower load easily, causes efficiency of combustion obviously to descend.The current main method that addresses these problems has: 1) use coke-stove gas to be blended in the blast furnace gas to improve calorific value, making burning tissue easily; 2) in the combustion chamber, use blast furnace gas and two kinds of fuel of fuel oil, when lacking blast furnace gas (underload), can switch fuel oil at any time, to guarantee flameholding; 3) use the light diesel point to fight as flame on duty with smooth combustion.Coke-stove gas, fuel oil and diesel oil etc. all are high-grade energy with respect to blast furnace gas, expend these high-grade energies in a large number in order effectively to utilize blast furnace gas, can increase system operation cost undoubtedly, make economic benefit have a greatly reduced quality.Therefore, we press for and find a kind of more simply effective, economical and practical method to realize reliable ignition and the smooth combustion of low calorific value gas fuel in gas-turbine combustion chamber.For aero-engine, when taking place to stop working in the high-altitude, requirement can be lighted a fire again.Because high aerial rarefaction of air, oxygen content is low in the air, pressure and temperature is low, simultaneously because compressor is in windmill condition, also can't provide pressure-air for the combustion chamber, these factors have all increased the difficulty of igniting, and therefore the ignition performance for the combustion chamber has proposed very big challenge, need to adopt igniter more reliably.This invention just is being based on above-mentioned two kinds of purposes and is proposing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and auxiliary combustion equipment, the technical problem of ignition difficulties and combustion instability when burning low-BTU gas to solve gas turbine.
In order to achieve the above object, whole thinking of the present invention is a discharge generation nonequilibrium plasma in unburned gas (can be air, fuel gas or gaseous mixture), utilizes the ignition performance and the combustion stability of the chemism raising fuel of nonequilibrium plasma.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and auxiliary combustion equipment comprise inside and outside electrode, insulation block media and high-voltage ac power; Electrode is hollow metal tube in described, passes through fuel gas in the metal tube; External electrode is made by wire netting, described insulation block media inserts between inside and outside electrode and with inside and outside electrode and forms coaxial setting, and described high-voltage ac power connects described external electrode makes that to apply alternating voltage between inside and outside electrode the gas in the gap between internal and external electrode is breakdown.
Plasma igniting device in the past all is to produce equilibrium state plasma, i.e. hot plasma by arc discharge.The advantage of hot plasma is the temperature height, and ignition energy is big, but its shortcoming also clearly, and power consumption is big, and efficient is low, and chemism is poor, and temperature is too high to cause electrode life short, can not long-play.Nonequilibrium plasma auxiliary combustion equipment provided by the invention is than its advantage of plasma ignition device in the past: the nonequilibrium plasma temperature is low, and is low in energy consumption, and chemism is good, and electrode temperature is low, can long-play and need not cooling.
Described insulation block media is quartz glass tube or alundum tube.The heat resistance of alundum tube is better, is more suitable for as dielectric than quartz glass tube.It is transparent because of quartz ampoule that this device is selected quartz ampoule, is convenient to observation and shooting.
Interior electrode is hollow stainless pipe, and gas can pass through from interior electrode interior.This makes that the combustion system of this auxiliary combustion equipment both can (fuel gas have passed through from interior electrode interior for diffusion combustion, air passes through from the gap between interior electrode and the quartz glass tube), can be premixed combustion (fuel gas mixes with air earlier, passes through from the gap between interior electrode and quartz glass tube or the alundum tube again) again.
Quartz glass tube or alundum tube exceed about 50mm than interior electrode, contingent in the time of can preventing to discharge like this " creepage " phenomenon.
Quartz glass tube or alundum tube are fixing under the acting in conjunction of asbestos cord and flange, and this mode had both been fixed quartz glass tube or alundum tube, can give the protection of quartz glass tube or alundum tube external force again, prevent that its stressed back is broken.
Its advantage of burning-aid method that plasma auxiliary combustion equipment provided by the invention is used on the present gas turbine is:
1) this apparatus structure is simple, and volume is little, is easily mounted in the gas-turbine combustion chamber.
2) this device power consumption is lower, only consumes less electric weight and just can guarantee reliable ignition and smooth combustion in the combustion chamber not need to expend resources such as fuel-firing gas-firing.
3) this device is easy and simple to handle, and can be at different regulating working conditions different discharge parameters are to satisfy the demands.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting of the present invention and auxiliary combustion equipment.
Fig. 2 a-2b is the structure chart of air inlet duct in non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting of the present invention and the auxiliary combustion equipment.
Fig. 3 a-3d is the photo of non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting of the present invention and auxiliary combustion equipment ignition process.
Fig. 4 a-4d is the photo of non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting of the present invention and the combustion-supporting process of auxiliary combustion equipment.
Fig. 5 a-5b is that the present invention applies plasma front and back ignition performance comparison diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention applies plasma front and back combustion characteristics comparison diagram.
The specific embodiment
According to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, provide better embodiment of the present invention, and described in detail below, enable to understand better function of the present invention, characteristics.
Fig. 1 is non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting of the present invention and auxiliary combustion equipment structural representation, has wherein shown the quartz glass tube 1 in igniting and the auxiliary combustion equipment, interior electrode 2, external electrode 3, flange 4, sleeve 5, asbestos filler 6, pad 7, air inlet duct 8 (air inlet duct 8 concrete structures are referring to Fig. 2), base 9, leg 10, suction nozzle 11, fuel inlet 12, air intake 13, high-voltage connection 14 and ground wire 15.
Quartz glass tube 1 vertical standing in above the air inlet duct 8, bottom cover Upper gasket 7 prevents its horizontal slippage.Outside quartz glass tube, filled many asbestos cords 6, compressed asbestos cord by flange 4 and being connected of sleeve 5 then, so just prevented quartz glass tube slippage vertically or rotation near 1/3 place, bottom.The acting in conjunction of pad and asbestos cord had both guaranteed the fixed-site of quartz glass tube, had avoided applying too big external force to quartz glass tube again and had caused it to break.
Can also adopt other similar fixedly methods of quartz glass tube, for example do a circular metal groove that certain altitude is arranged, glass tube vertically is placed on the groove the inside, some asbestos cords of pad are fixed at the place, slit.So also fixing quartz glass tube, but after being heated, quartz glass tube can expand, and the quartz glass tube after the expansion easily breaks after touching the inwall of metal groove.
Interior electrode 2 is hollow, and what intermediate flow was crossed is fuel gas.Processed the internal annulus that radially outward protrudes of electrode 2 outer surfaces mutually that 11 thickness are 2mm at this end (top) of its discharge, these annulus can reduce discharging gap, make that the density of the plasma that produces is bigger.This end (bottom) in air inlet has adopted helicitic texture to be connected with valve 11, and the bottom of valve 11 is fuel gas imports 12.
The role of the annulus of projection is to cause electric field inhomogeneous on the interior electrode, like this could be than being easier to discharge.If there is not annulus, inside is smooth, can discharge under little discharging gap, and the gap is once being not easy to produce uniform discharge greatly.Then effectively discharge face is just too little very little for the quantity of annulus, and quantity is crossed relatively difficulty (needing higher voltage) of discharge meeting at most.In general, the length of whole region of discharge is just passable about 80mm.The spacing of annulus generally is that 2～8mm is just passable.
At the top of device, quartz glass tube exceeds interior electrode 30-60mm, 50mm for example, and this is in order to prevent the generation of " creepage ".
Fig. 2 a-2b is the structure chart of air inlet duct in the auxiliary combustion equipment of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 2 a is front view and vertical view, and Fig. 2 b is a profile.Air inlet duct 8 is the cylinders that dig 4 grooves, and air inlet duct 8 communicates with air intake 13, after air enters from air intake 13, in the gap in flowing to by groove between electrode and the quartz glass tube.
Air flows into this device from air intake 13, through behind the air inlet duct 8, the gap in flowing between electrode 2 and the quartz glass tube 1, breakdown generation discharge by 3 area surrounded of external electrode the time, and then mixes the generation chemical reaction with the fuel gas that flows out from interior electrode 2.
In discharge process, can produce the nonequilibrium plasma of a large amount of low temperature.The high energy electron in the nonequilibrium plasma and the collision of reactant molecule cause molecular link to relax, rupture or are cracked into free radical.Free radical (being active particle) has played important function in combustion reaction, this is because the chemical reaction of oxidized, particularly chain reaction is undertaken by the active centre (chain carrier) that generates, these active centres are atom and group isoreactivity particle normally, and the speed of chain reaction depends on the concentration of active particle in the combustion zone.Therefore, if utilize discharge plasma not firing the active component that the district produces some before burning or in the combustion process, burning velocity just might improve.
Fig. 3 a-3d is one group of photo of reaction nonequilibrium plasma auxiliary combustion equipment ignition process of the present invention, takes with time sequencing.Air by discharging gap is breakdown, (Fig. 3 a) to produce discharge, chemical reaction takes place during with the fuel mix that ejects in the air after the ionization from interior electrode, flame is lighted (Fig. 3 b), just taken fire and instability, flame rolls (Fig. 3 c), and after several seconds kinds, flame is in the combustion-supporting stable burning (Fig. 3 d) down of plasma.
Fig. 4 a-4d is lifting flame becomes stable jet flame under nonequilibrium plasma auxiliary combustion equipment of the present invention is combustion-supporting one group of photo, also takes with time sequencing.Electric spark has been lighted unsettled lifting flame, and (Fig. 4 a), when discharger power is 25W, flame profile there is no significant change (Fig. 4 b), increase power to 50W, the density of plasma has increased, and flame profile does not still have significant change (Fig. 4 c), continues to increase power to 100W, lifting flame moves in pipe rapidly, has become stable jet flame (Fig. 4 d).Fig. 4 has illustrated that under the combustion-supporting condition of plasma flame propagation velocity improves, and combustion stability is better.
Fig. 5 a-5b is nonequilibrium plasma auxiliary combustion equipment of the present invention and spark ignition property comparison.Wherein, Fig. 5 a is the spark ignition performance map, and Fig. 5 b is nonequilibrium plasma ignition performance figure.As shown in the figure, the firing range of spark ignition is narrow, especially when hydrogen content is low, also can't light even equivalent proportion is very big, and therefore the hydrogen content all lower (hydrogen content of blast furnace gas is less than 10%) of general low-BTU gas uses traditional spark ignition mode to be difficult to light low-calorie gaseous fuel.And the firing range of nonequilibrium plasma igniting is extremely wide, can (＜10%) light a fire successfully under less hydrogen content, and the variation of external load (variation of equivalent proportion) is very little for the influence of ignition performance.We can say that the performance of plasma igniting is considerably beyond the performance of traditional spark ignition, be particularly useful for the igniting of the low-BTU gas under the low and running on the lower load of hydrogen content.
Fig. 6 be adopt nonequilibrium plasma of the present invention combustion-supporting with two kinds of situations of using plasma not under the contrast of flame failure limit during burning.As shown in the figure, do not having under the combustion-supporting situation of plasma, poor combustion stability, especially when calorific value was low, flame-out equivalent proportion higher (Φ＞0.4) can not reach the normal operating mode of moving (Φ＜0.3) of gas-turbine combustion chamber fully.And having under the combustion-supporting situation of plasma, it is just flame-out that equivalent proportion can be reduced to littler value (Φ＜0.3).This has illustrated that flame failure limit has been widened under the combustion-supporting condition of plasma, and the combustion stability of combustion chamber is enhanced.
Above-described, be preferred embodiment of the present invention only, be not in order to limit scope of the present invention.For example quartz glass tube wherein can substitute with alundum tube.Be that every simple, equivalence of doing according to the claims and the description of the present patent application changes and modification, all fall into the claim protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and auxiliary combustion equipment comprise inside and outside electrode, insulation block media and high-voltage ac power; Electrode is hollow metal tube in described, passes through fuel gas in the metal tube; External electrode is made by wire netting, described insulation block media inserts between inside and outside electrode and with inside and outside electrode and forms coaxial setting, and described high-voltage ac power connects described external electrode makes that to apply alternating voltage between inside and outside electrode the gas in the gap between internal and external electrode is breakdown.
2. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 1 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that this igniting and auxiliary combustion equipment comprise base, and described insulation block media is fixed on the base.
3. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 2 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, described insulation block media is quartz glass tube or alundum tube.
4. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 3 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, described quartz glass tube or alundum tube exceed 30-60mm than electrode in described.
5. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 3 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, described quartz glass tube or alundum tube are erected on the described base, and the bottom of described quartz glass tube or alundum tube is with pad.
6. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 5 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, described quartz glass tube is outer to be filled with asbestos cord near 1/3 place, bottom.
7. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 6 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that described asbestos cord is compacted.
8. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 2 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, the central part branch of base is hollow, and described interior electrode passes and is fixed on the base from the core of described base.
9. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 1 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, described metal tube is a stainless pipe.
10. non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting as claimed in claim 1 and auxiliary combustion equipment is characterized in that, described wire netting is a stainless (steel) wire, and this stainless (steel) wire has mesh, and this mesh size is 1mm * 1mm.
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| CN200910201101A CN101761940A (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2009-12-15 | Non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and combustion-supporting device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910201101A CN101761940A (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2009-12-15 | Non-equilibrium thermodynamics plasma igniting and combustion-supporting device |
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| CN101761940A true CN101761940A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
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| CN102333412A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-01-25 | 陈固明 | High-energy multi-state low-temperature ionizer |
| CN102721081A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nozzle for enhancing atomization by plasma |
| CN102721083A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Plasma-catalysis gaseous swirl nozzle |
| CN104879780A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-02 | 北京大学 | Multichannel plasma area igniting burner |
| CN106132054A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-11-16 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | A kind of it is applied to the plasma producing apparatus of auxiliary firing in shock tube |
| CN106439817A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-22 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Combustor |
| CN107218623A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-29 | 航天神洁（北京）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of sliding arc auxiliary combustion equipment for producing atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma |
| CN109253021A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-22 | 大连民族大学 | Double discharge mode plasma igniters with combined anode structure |
| CN109253029A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-22 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of plasma igniter with flaring grounding electrode export structure |
| CN109654530A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of plasma ignition and auxiliary combustion equipment for low calorific value gas fuel |
| CN109723578A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-07 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of edge distribution plasma pyrolysis activation recharging oil device and method |
| CN109723554A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-07 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of central distribution plasma pyrolysis activation recharging oil device and method |
| CN112320765A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-05 | 欧奏沛尔(江苏)环保技术有限公司 | Composite high-voltage electrode and double-electrode cooling ozone generator |
| WO2022182622A1 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | Acutronic Turbines, Inc. | Plasma ignition and combustion assist system for gas turbine engines |
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2009
- 2009-12-15 CN CN200910201101A patent/CN101761940A/en active Pending
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| CN102333412A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-01-25 | 陈固明 | High-energy multi-state low-temperature ionizer |
| CN102721081A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nozzle for enhancing atomization by plasma |
| CN102721083A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Plasma-catalysis gaseous swirl nozzle |
| CN102721083B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-06-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Plasma-catalysis gaseous swirl nozzle |
| CN102721081B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nozzle for enhancing atomization by plasma |
| CN104879780B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2018-10-19 | 北京大学 | A kind of multichannel heating region ignition burning device |
| CN104879780A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-02 | 北京大学 | Multichannel plasma area igniting burner |
| CN106132054A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-11-16 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | A kind of it is applied to the plasma producing apparatus of auxiliary firing in shock tube |
| CN106439817A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-22 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Combustor |
| CN107218623A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-29 | 航天神洁（北京）环保科技有限公司 | A kind of sliding arc auxiliary combustion equipment for producing atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma |
| CN107218623B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-08-09 | 航天神洁(北京)科技发展有限公司 | A kind of sliding arc auxiliary combustion equipment generating atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma |
| CN109253021A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-22 | 大连民族大学 | Double discharge mode plasma igniters with combined anode structure |
| CN109253029A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-22 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of plasma igniter with flaring grounding electrode export structure |
| CN109723578A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-07 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of edge distribution plasma pyrolysis activation recharging oil device and method |
| CN109723554A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-07 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of central distribution plasma pyrolysis activation recharging oil device and method |
| CN109723554B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-31 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Central distribution plasma cracking activation oil supplementing device and method |
| CN109654530A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of plasma ignition and auxiliary combustion equipment for low calorific value gas fuel |
| CN112320765A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-05 | 欧奏沛尔(江苏)环保技术有限公司 | Composite high-voltage electrode and double-electrode cooling ozone generator |
| WO2022182622A1 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-09-01 | Acutronic Turbines, Inc. | Plasma ignition and combustion assist system for gas turbine engines |
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Open date: 20100630 |