CN102913365A - Annular discharge based transient state plasma igniter - Google Patents
Annular discharge based transient state plasma igniter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102913365A CN102913365A CN2012103767336A CN201210376733A CN102913365A CN 102913365 A CN102913365 A CN 102913365A CN 2012103767336 A CN2012103767336 A CN 2012103767336A CN 201210376733 A CN201210376733 A CN 201210376733A CN 102913365 A CN102913365 A CN 102913365A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an annular discharge based transient state plasma igniter. An insulation sleeve is located in an insulation protection sleeve, and one end of the insulation sleeve is located in a cathode. An anode conduction rod is located in the insulation sleeve, and one end of the anode conduction rod is arranged in a center hole of the cathode. One end of the insulation protection sleeve is arranged in a fixing base. The anode is located in the cathode. The transient state plasma igniter is provided with a mixed gas channel. According to the invention, high-energy nanosecond pulse is used to discharge electricity to form a local high temperature area, and a large quantity of active particles are activated to ignite combustible mixed gas in an extremely short period of time. The ignition area is large, and the mixed gas can be ignited by multiple points; the ignition time is extremely short, and the ignition delay time is shorter; the ignition energy can be well coupled with the gas mixture, macromolecule hydrocarbon fuel in the ignition area is ionized as active particles with low activation energy, so that the chemical reaction of the mixed gas is faster, the reaction time is shorter, and the ignition success rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engine art, specifically a kind of transient state plasma igniter based on ring discharge.
Background technique
At present, generally adopt the plug ignition mode in all kinds of power plant firing chamber.Plug ignition at ignition point (spark plug discharge moment), raises its mixed gas temperature on every side, so that the exothermic reaction in this small volume begins to carry out according to the theory of heat of igniting rapidly.
The ignition energy utilization ratio of spark ignition process is low, approximately only has 5%～20% energy to be utilized to heat mixed gas, and most energy is used to heating electrode, and ignition delay time is long, and can only realize in very little zone that single-point lights a fire.At present, adopt lean premixed burning can improve the fuel economy of internal-combustion engine, significantly reduce NO simultaneously
x, HC and CO discharging.Adopt that traditional plug ignition is difficult to reliably, lean premixed inflammable mixture in the ignition combustion chamber rapidly, near the mixed gas that is in the oil-poor lower limit is easy to occur flame-out phenomenon, and this is because the intrinsic narrow limitation of spark plug self causes.
2007, United States Naval Postgraduate School has been developed a kind of pulse-knocking engine (Pulse Detonation Engine that is applied to, abbreviation PDE) transient state plasma igniter (Transient Plasma Ignition, be called for short TPI), transient state plasma igniter structure is as shown in Figure 1.The transient state plasma igniter is comprised of high-field electrode, pottery, annular porous casing and erection support etc.During the work of transient state plasma igniter, high-field electrode connects high-voltage power, expose between high-field electrode in mixed gas and the annular porous casing and discharge, ionize and heat inflammable mixture in the annular porous casing, light at last the mixed gas in the annular porous casing.
Along with the continuous minimizing of fossil fuel reserves and the increasingly stringent of various countries' Abgasgesetz, modern power plant are faced with the double challenge that improves the thermal efficiency and reduce pollutant emission.At present, adopt lean premixed burning can improve the fuel economy of internal-combustion engine, significantly reduce the discharging of NOx, HC and CO simultaneously.Adopt that traditional plug ignition is difficult to reliably, lean premixed inflammable mixture in the ignition combustion chamber rapidly, near the mixed gas that is in the oil-poor lower limit is easy to occur flame-out phenomenon, and this is because the intrinsic narrow limitation of spark plug self causes.
The ignition energy utilization ratio of spark ignition process is low, approximately only has 5%～20% energy to be utilized to heat mixed gas, and most energy is used to heating electrode, and ignition delay time is long, and can only realize in very little zone that single-point lights a fire.
The transient state plasma igniting is to utilize the high energy pulse discharge, forms localized high temperature regions, and excites a large amount of active particles, realizes lighting fast inflammable mixture.The transient state plasma igniting can overcome many deficiencies of conventional ignition plug igniting, and its advantage is: ignition zone is large, can light mixed gas at multiple spot; Firing time is extremely short; Ignition energy can be better and the gaseous mixture coupling, and the large molecular carbon hydrogen fuel of ignition zone is ionized to the little active particle of activation energy, makes the chemical reaction rate of mixed gas faster, and the reaction time is shorter, and ignition success rate is high.
2007, United States Naval Postgraduate School was developed the transient state plasma igniter, and its principle assumption diagram and photo are as shown in Figure 1.The transient state plasma igniter is comprised of high-field electrode, pottery, porous casing and erection support etc.During the work of transient state plasma igniter, high-field electrode connects high-voltage power, expose between high-field electrode in mixed gas and the annular porous casing and discharge, ionize and heat inflammable mixture in the annular porous casing, light at last the mixed gas in the annular porous casing.The transient state plasma igniter can be lighted inflammable mixture fast, and has shorter ignition delay time, lights inflammable mixture at multiple spot, and ignition success rate is high.
The igniter high-field electrode of United States Naval Postgraduate School development is solid cylindrical, is applicable to high-voltage discharge, and is higher to power requirement, under the low voltage condition, is unfavorable for discharge.
Summary of the invention
Under low voltage, be unfavorable for the deficiency of discharging for overcoming the transient state plasma igniter that exists in the prior art, reduce the requirement to power supply, increase ignition area, the present invention proposes a kind of transient state plasma igniter based on ring discharge.
One of technological scheme of the present invention comprises anode, negative electrode, insulating bush, anode conducting bar, fixed base, insulation protective jacket and negative electrode connecting rod; Insulating bush is positioned at insulation protective jacket, and an end of this insulating bush stretches between two negative electrode connecting rods of negative electrode; Anode conducting bar is positioned at insulating bush, and an end of this anode conducting bar is packed in the center hole of anode; Insulation protective jacket one end is installed in the fixed base; One end of two negative electrode connecting rods of negative electrode is fixed on the outer round surface of fixed base; Anode is positioned at negative electrode; Described anode interior has the cross stiffening rib, forms mixed gas passage between the outer shroud of this cross stiffening rib and anode.The internal diameter of negative electrode is greater than the external diameter of anode, make described anode pack in the negative electrode after, formed the point of discharge flame range between the outer surface of anode and the internal surface of negative electrode.
Another technological scheme of the present invention comprises anode, insulating bush, anode conducting bar, insulation protective jacket, negative electrode, detonation tube, inlet hole and fixed base; Insulating bush is positioned at insulation protective jacket, and an end of this insulating bush stretches between two negative electrode connecting rods of negative electrode; Anode conducting bar is positioned at insulating bush, and an end of this anode conducting bar is packed in the center hole of anode; Insulation protective jacket one end is installed in the fixed base; As negative electrode, and be symmetrically distributed with a pair of inlet hole on the shell of this detonation tube with detonation tube, form mixed gas passage.
In described two technological schemes: the center line of anode conducting bar and the central lines of described anode 1.The internal diameter of insulating bush is identical with the external diameter of anode conducting bar; There is the anti-backflow platform that radially protrudes one end end.The outer surface of anode has screw thread.
Negative electrode of the present invention and anode adopt metal or alloy high temperature resistant, that conductive capability is strong to process.Input high-voltage pulse at anode during work, minus earth, the mixed gas between high-voltage pulse puncture and the ionization cathode and anode is lighted inflammable mixture fast.The diameter of change anode is regulated the distance between the negative electrode and positive electrode, or changes input voltage and the electric current of transient state plasma igniter, controls the intensity of puncture and the degree of ionization of working gas, thereby reaches the purpose of point of adjustment firearm ignition intensity.
Anode among the present invention is the hollow tubular thin walled structures, and thin walled structures makes charge concentration at anode surface, more is conducive to discharge.Anode interior is hollow, the hollow inner passage mixed gas that can circulate, the outside is thread surface, the thread surface discharge that more easily tapers off to a point, adopt between anode and the anodic bonding section to be threaded, the inside of anode can adopt cross stiffening rib or porous structure to connect.
Negative electrode and positive electrode is coaxial hollow tube.The negative electrode internal diameter is greater than the external diameter of anode, and the gap between negative electrode and the anode is the point of discharge flame range, and negative electrode can be fixed on the fitting seat by two or many negative electrode connecting rods, makes mixed gas inlet point flame range.Can obtain by welding the modes such as screw thread between negative electrode connecting rod and the negative electrode fixes.
Insulating bush adopts high-temperature insulation material to make, and covers anode surface, not only insulate but also high temperature resistant, is used for isolation negative electrode and anode, thereby improves capacity usage ratio; The insulating bush outside is by the protection of insulation protective jacket parcel.There is the anti-backflow boss insulation protective jacket inside, is used for preventing the gas backstreaming in the firing chamber; Anti-backflow boss one end that has of insulation protective jacket is fixed by outside thread and fixed base, and the other end is connected with high-voltage power by outside thread, and high-tension electricity is inputted the anodic bonding section.
The anode of developing with United States Naval Postgraduate School is that solid cylindrical transient state plasma igniter is compared, and igniter of the present invention has following advantage:
When two kinds of igniter anodes equate with the arcing distance of negative electrode, has larger ignition area based on the transient state plasma igniter of ring discharge.
When two kinds of igniters during in the identical breakdown voltage of input, more based on the puncture streamer of the transient state plasma igniter of ring discharge, more be conducive to light mixed gas.
When the ignition area of two kinds of igniters equated, less based on the arcing distance of the transient state plasma igniter anode of ring discharge and negative electrode, breakdown voltage was less, more is conducive to the discharge breakdown mixed gas.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is that the anode of United States Naval Postgraduate School development is solid cylindrical transient state plasma igniter schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 2 is transient state plasma igniter front section views based on ring discharge of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 2 a is plan view of the present invention, and Fig. 2 b is that the A of plan view of the present invention is to sectional view;
Accompanying drawing 3 is sectional views of negative electrode and negative electrode linkage section;
Accompanying drawing 4 is sectional views of anode;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the anode-side sectional views that change porous structure into;
Accompanying drawing 6 is right side views of fixed base;
Accompanying drawing 7 is the application examples in pulse-knocking engine.Among the figure:
1. anode 2. negative electrodes 3. insulating bushs 4. anode conducting bars 5. fixed bases
6. insulation protective jacket 7. negative electrode connecting rods 8. stiffening ribs 9. detonation tubes 10. inlet holes
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is a kind of transient state plasma igniter based on ring discharge, is used for the igniting of internal-combustion engine, comprises anode 1, negative electrode 2, insulating bush 3, anode conducting bar 4, fixed base 5, insulation protective jacket 6 and negative electrode connecting rod 7.As shown in Figure 2.The end surface symmetric of negative electrode 2 one ends is distributed with axial protrusion one anticathode connecting rod 7, and the other end of these two negative electrode connecting rods 7 is fixed on the outer round surface of fixed base 5.Anode 1 is positioned at negative electrode 2.One end of insulation protective jacket 6 is arranged in the endoporus of fixed base 5.Insulating bush 3 is installed in the endoporus of described insulation protective jacket 6, and an end of this insulating bush 3 stretches between two negative electrode connecting rods 7 of negative electrode 2.
Described anode 1 is annular, adopts high-temperature alloy material GH3039 to make.At the internal surface of described anode 1 one ends stiffening rib 8 cruciferous, the anode conducting rod through-hole that has at the center of the cross of this stiffening rib 8; The center line of described anode conducting rod through-hole and the central lines of described anode 1.
Described anode conducting bar 4 is rod member, adopts the high-temperature alloy material to make.The profile of anode conducting bar 4 is stepped.The diameter of the enlarged diameter section of anode conducting bar 4 one ends cooperates with large aperture section in insulating bush 3 endoporus; The diameter of anode conducting bar 4 reduced diameter sections cooperates with small aperture section in insulating bush 3 endoporus.One end of anode conducting bar 4 cooperates with the center hole of anode 1.
Insulating bush 3 is hollow tubular, makes with stupalith.The endoporus of described insulating bush 3 is step-like, is the large aperture section at these insulating bush 3 one ends.The aperture of these insulating bush 3 large aperture sections is identical with the diameter of anode conducting bar 4 enlarged diameter sections; The aperture of these insulating bush 3 small aperture sections is identical with the diameter of anode conducting bar 4 reduced diameter sections.The step of these insulating bush 3 large aperture sections and small aperture section joining place has formed the locating face of anode conducting bar 4.The outer round surface of described insulating bush 3 also is step-like, and the step-like outer round surface of described insulating bush 3 and insulation protective jacket 6 step-like internal circular surfaces agree with mutually.During assembling, insulating bush 3 is wrapped in the outer surface of anode conducting bar 4, and protecting jacket 6 is sleeved on an end of insulating bush 3, the anode conducting rod through-hole that an end of anode conducting bar 4 is packed into and is positioned at anode 1 center.
The internal diameter of insulating bush 3 is identical with the external diameter of anode conducting bar 4; There is the anti-backflow platform that radially protrudes one end end; Insulating bush 3 is wrapped in the outer surface of anode conducting bar 4.Insulating bush 3 potteries are made, and not only insulate but also high temperature resistant, are used for isolating negative electrode 2 and anode conducting bar 4, thereby improve capacity usage ratio.Insulating bush 3 outsides are by insulation protective jacket 6 parcel protections.
Fixed base 5 is the hollow solid of rotation.The aperture of fixed base 5 endoporus is identical with the external diameter of protecting jacket 6; The external diameter of described fixed base 5 is identical with spacing between two negative electrode connecting rod 7 internal surfaces, and at the screw hole that is distributed with of the external peripheral surface symmetry of fixed base 5.At the external peripheral surface of these fixed base 5 one ends by the flange that radially protrudes, at described flange 8 attachment holes that have been evenly distributed.
In the present embodiment, the anode 1 inner cross stiffening rib 8 that adopts is fixing, is threaded connection between anode 1 and the anode conducting bar 4, and the outer end section of anode 1 is concordant with the outer end section of negative electrode.Hole between the cross stiffening rib 8 of anode 1 inside and the outer shroud of anode 1 is used for the circulation mixed gas.The outer surface of anode 1 adopts screw thread, the thread surface discharge that more easily tapers off to a point.
There is the anti-backflow boss insulation protective jacket 6 inside, the size coupling of the size of anti-backflow boss and insulating bush 3.Prevent gas backstreaming in the firing chamber by the anti-backflow boss; Anti-backflow boss one end that has of insulation protective jacket 6 is fixed by outside thread and fixed base 5.The outside thread that anodic bonding section, insulating bush and insulation protective jacket are connected insulation protective jacket is connected with high-voltage power.Fixed base 5 uses flange and engine chamber to fix.
Input high-voltage pulses and be sent to anode 1 at anode conducting bar 4 during work, negative electrode 2 ground connection, the mixed gas between high-voltage pulse puncture and ionization anode 1 and the negative electrode 2 is lighted inflammable mixture fast.Change the diameter adjusting anode 1 of anode 1 and the distance between the negative electrode 2, or change input voltage and the electric current of transient state plasma igniter, control the intensity of puncture and the degree of ionization of working gas, thereby reach the purpose of point of adjustment firearm ignition intensity.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is a kind of transient state plasma igniter based on ring discharge that is applied to pulse-knocking engine, comprises anode 1, insulating bush 3, anode conducting bar 4, insulation protective jacket 6, cross stiffening rib 8, detonation tube 9, inlet hole 10 and fixed base 5.Structure as shown in Figure 7.
In the present embodiment, serve as negative electrode with detonation tube 9, and discharge igniting between the anode 1.The entrance point of described detonation tube 9 is fixed by screws on the end face of fixed base 5 one ends.One end of insulation protective jacket 6 is packed in the center hole of fixed base 5, and an end of insulating bush 3 is packed in the described insulation protective jacket 6, and the other end of this insulating bush 3 penetrates in the endoporus of described detonation tube 9.Anode conducting bar 4 is packed in the described insulating bush 3, is positioned at the end of insulating bush 3 endoporus one end at described anode conducting bar 4, and anode 1 is installed.
The present embodiment Anodic 1 and anode conducting bar 4 all adopt the high-temperature alloy material to make.Described anode 1 is annular, and its inner cross stiffening rib 8 that adopts is fixing.The anode conducting rod through-hole that has at the center of the cross of this stiffening rib 8; Described anode conducting rod through-hole is tapped hole.The center line of described anode conducting rod through-hole and the central lines of described anode 1.The outer surface of anode 1 adopts screw thread, the thread surface discharge that more easily tapers off to a point.
Described anode conducting bar 4 is rod member, adopts the high-temperature alloy material to make.The profile of anode conducting bar 4 is stepped.The diameter of the enlarged diameter section of anode conducting bar 4 one ends cooperates with large aperture section in insulating bush 3 endoporus; The diameter of anode conducting bar 4 reduced diameter sections cooperates with small aperture section in insulating bush 3 endoporus.
Symmetrically on the excircle of the inducer of described detonation tube 9 be distributed with a pair of inlet hole 10, make mixed gas enter detonation tube 9 by this inlet hole.
Insulating bush 3 is hollow tubular, makes with stupalith.The endoporus of described insulating bush 3 is step-like, is the large aperture section at these insulating bush 3 one ends.The aperture of these insulating bush 3 large aperture sections is identical with the diameter of anode conducting bar 4 enlarged diameter sections; The aperture of these insulating bush 3 small aperture sections is identical with the diameter of anode conducting bar 4 reduced diameter sections.The step of these insulating bush 3 large aperture sections and small aperture section joining place has formed the locating face of anode conducting bar 4.The outer round surface of described insulating bush 3 also is step-like, and the step-like outer round surface of described insulating bush 3 and insulation protective jacket 6 step-like internal circular surfaces agree with mutually.During assembling, insulating bush 3 is wrapped in the outer surface of anode conducting bar 4, and protecting jacket 6 is sleeved on an end of insulating bush 3, the anode conducting rod through-hole that an end of anode conducting bar 4 is packed into and is positioned at anode 1 center.
The internal diameter of insulating bush 3 is identical with the external diameter of anode conducting bar 4; There is the anti-backflow platform that radially protrudes one end end; Insulating bush 3 is wrapped in the outer surface of anode conducting bar 4.Insulating bush 3 potteries are made, and not only insulate but also high temperature resistant, are used for isolating negative electrode 2 and anode conducting bar 4, thereby improve capacity usage ratio.Insulating bush 3 outsides are by insulation protective jacket 6 parcel protections.
Insulation protective jacket 6 adopts refractory steel to make.The external diameter of insulation protective jacket 6 is identical with the internal diameter of fixed base 5 center holes.The step that radially protrudes is arranged in the endoporus of insulation protective jacket 6 one ends, formed the anti-backflow boss, this anti-backflow boss matches with the step of insulating bush 3 outer round surface, to prevent the gas backstreaming in the firing chamber.Anti-backflow boss one end that has of insulation protective jacket 6 is fixed by outside thread and fixed base 5.
The outside thread that anodic bonding section, insulating bush and insulation protective jacket are connected insulation protective jacket is connected with high-voltage power.Fixed base 5 uses flange and engine chamber to fix.
Input high-voltage pulses and be sent to anode 1 at anode conducting bar 4 during work, detonation tube 9 ground connection, the mixed gas between high-voltage pulse puncture and ionization anode 1 and the detonation tube 9 is lighted inflammable mixture fast.Change the diameter adjusting anode 1 of anode 1 and the distance between the detonation tube 9, or change input voltage and the electric current of transient state plasma igniter, control the intensity of puncture and the degree of ionization of working gas, thereby reach the purpose of point of adjustment firearm ignition intensity.
Claims (6)
1. the transient state plasma igniter based on ring discharge is characterized in that, comprises anode, negative electrode, insulating bush, anode conducting bar, fixed base, insulation protective jacket and negative electrode connecting rod; Insulating bush is positioned at insulation protective jacket, and an end of this insulating bush stretches between two negative electrode connecting rods of negative electrode; Anode conducting bar is positioned at insulating bush, and an end of this anode conducting bar is packed in the center hole of anode; Insulation protective jacket one end is installed in the fixed base; One end of two negative electrode connecting rods of negative electrode is fixed on the outer round surface of fixed base; Anode is positioned at negative electrode; Described anode interior has the cross stiffening rib, forms mixed gas passage between the outer shroud of this cross stiffening rib and anode.
2. the transient state plasma igniter based on ring discharge is characterized in that, comprises anode, insulating bush, anode conducting bar, insulation protective jacket, negative electrode, detonation tube, inlet hole and fixed base; Insulating bush is positioned at insulation protective jacket, and an end of this insulating bush stretches between two negative electrode connecting rods of negative electrode; Anode conducting bar is positioned at insulating bush, and an end of this anode conducting bar is packed in the center hole of anode; Insulation protective jacket one end is installed in the fixed base; As negative electrode, and be symmetrically distributed with a pair of inlet hole on the shell of this detonation tube with detonation tube, form mixed gas passage.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the transient state plasma igniter of ring discharge, it is characterized in that, the internal diameter of negative electrode is greater than the external diameter of anode, make described anode pack in the negative electrode after, formed the point of discharge flame range between the outer surface of anode and the internal surface of negative electrode.
As described in claim 1 and 2 based on the transient state plasma igniter of ring discharge, it is characterized in that the center line of described anode conducting bar and the central lines of described anode 1.
As described in claim 1 and 2 based on the transient state plasma igniter of ring discharge, it is characterized in that, the internal diameter of insulating bush is identical with the external diameter of anode conducting bar; There is the anti-backflow platform that radially protrudes one end end.
As described in claim 1 and 2 based on the transient state plasma igniter of ring discharge, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of anode has screw thread.
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