CN101324341B - Apparatus and method for pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition / steady combustion - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition / steady combustion Download PDF

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CN101324341B
CN101324341B CN2008101502902A CN200810150290A CN101324341B CN 101324341 B CN101324341 B CN 101324341B CN 2008101502902 A CN2008101502902 A CN 2008101502902A CN 200810150290 A CN200810150290 A CN 200810150290A CN 101324341 B CN101324341 B CN 101324341B
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pure oxygen
combustion
ignition
pulverized coal
passage
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CN101324341A (en
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周虹光
闵宏斌
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Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Thermal Power Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention relates to a pure oxygen ignition/combustion stabilizing device and a method thereof for a pulverized coal boiler. The pure oxygen ignition/combustion stabilizing device comprises a primary air channel, and a pure oxygen ignition gun and an electronic fire starter for starting fire, wherein the pure oxygen ignition gun includes an oil channel and a high-pressure pure oxygen channel sheathed on the outer side of the oil channel; a via-hole communicated with the high-pressure pure oxygen channel is formed on the pipe wall at the exit side of the oil channel; and one or two groups of nozzles communicated with pulverized coal flow are formed on the outer wall of the high-pressure pure oxygen channel. The device is innovated on the chemical mechanism of burning and the burning process, and can lower the ignition point temperature of the pulverized coal by continuously supplying pure oxygen, thus rapidly improving the burning speed and the burning scale of the pulverized coal. The pure oxygen has great help in improving the burning speed of pulverized coal particles and continuously amplifying the burning power, and the initial ignition stage and the pulverized coal combustion-supporting stage are very short, so that the combustion-supporting fuel is consumed less.

Description

The pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion device and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to pulverized-coal fired boiler, be specifically related to a kind of pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion device and method.
Background technology
Pulverized coal boiler ignition and stable combustion technology are to organize coal dust firing in the boiler startup process, and the technical measures of smooth combustion when boiler operatiopn.Modern pulverized coal boiler ignition and steady combustion measure mainly are divided into three major types: 1, conventional grease gun igniting and stable combustion technology; 2, little oil (little oil) igniting and stable combustion technology; 3, plasma ignition and stable combustion technology.
1, conventional grease gun igniting and stable combustion technology
Conventional grease gun igniting and stable combustion technology are present modal technology, and main bag expands Electric spark ignitor, ignition trigger oil gun (containing propulsion plant), oil supply system, steam atomization device and fire inspection protection etc., and oil gun generally is installed in coal burner inside.During boiler startup, the fuel oil after the atomizing of oil gun ejection high concentration also fully mixes with air, and fuel mixture is lighted after-combustion by Electric spark ignitor and discharged a large amount of heats, forms the coal dust of high-temperature flue gas firing coal-dust burner ejection.When the coal dust ature of coal variation that enters boiler combustion, unstable combustion regularly drops into oil gun and sprays into the effect that combustion-supporting oil can play smooth combustion.Conventional grease gun igniting and steady combustion mainly rely on combustion-supporting oil (being generally diesel oil or heavy oil) burning, and the fuel consumption of unit hour is about 1~2 ton, and the 300MW boiler startup need consume combustion-supporting oily about 50 tons.
Conventional grease gun igniting and stable combustion technology have dependable performance, power big, be suitable for advantages such as the coal scope is wide, therefore be used widely, on the meager coal anthracite-fired boiler of the flammability difference that particularly is applied to burn in power plant.The shortcoming of this technology also is fairly obvious: igniting needs big oil storage tank of configuration and oil pump room, and system takes up an area of big, and boiler startup igniting combustion supporting oil consumption is huge, and the expense height does not more and more meet the demand for development of current society to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
2, little oil (little oil) igniting and stable combustion technology
Little oil (little oil) igniting and stable combustion technology are widely used technology, its principle is at the little oil drop fire of coal burner internal placement device, and utilize device such as venturi with Pulverized Coal Concentration and classification, earlier very little a part of high concentration pulverized coal is sent in the junior type grease gun, lighted and discharge heat rapidly, ignition temperature improves, and adds the coal dust that more is concentrated subsequently, heat discharges and amplifies, and temperature further improves up to whole coal dusts mixing and lights.Process of coal combustion is a process of amplifying step by step.The combustion-supporting oilconsumption of little oil and tiny-oil ignition device is relative less, approximately from tens to one or two hundred kilograms of the fuel consumption of unit hour.
Little oil (little oil) igniting has been saved combustion-supporting oil consumption to a great extent with stable combustion technology, system is relative simply, initial cost is little.But its shortcoming is quite a few, mainly shows: because thermal power is less, generally only be suitable for bituminous coal fired boiler, result of use is not good enough on the meager coal boiler, can not use on anthracite-fired boiler; The nozzle of small oil gun often stops up because of high-temperature coking, poor reliability; Light relative with combustion-supporting ability a little less than, the boiler startup time lengthening still needs conventional oil gun input to start on time and finishes in the time of many, cause actual oil-saving effect to descend.
3, plasma ignition and stable combustion technology
Plasma ignition and stable combustion technology are a kind of recent development technology, utilize high voltage to produce plasma-arc, DIE Temperature is up to three, 4,000 degrees centigrade, utilize plasma arc to light small part earlier and concentrate coal dust, other know-why and little oil (little oil) igniting and stable combustion technology are similar, the residue coal dust is sent into step by step, and heat discharges step by step and amplifies, and is lighted until enough coal dusts.
Plasma ignition and stable combustion technology are the technology of present unique realization boiler dry starting, and actual oil-saving effect is fairly obvious, compare with preceding two kinds of technology, and technical advantage is comparatively obvious, so development in recent years is very fast.But the defective of plasma ignition and stable combustion technology also is fairly obvious, mainly show: be subjected to the restriction in electrode material life-span, isoionic power generally is limited in below the 200KW, and it is relatively easy to light pulverized bituminous coal, but then result of use is relatively poor to the meager coal boiler, and is powerless to anthracite; After adopting the plasma technology igniting, the boiler startup temperature rise rate is very fast, part boiler incompatibility; There is flimsy defective in life-span weak point, the use in electrode; Needs are arranged numerous isolating transformers, system's floor space is big, initial cost is big, and the operation maintenance workload is bigger; Reliability in actual the use is compared with conventional oil gun and is still had sizable gap.
Pulverized coal boiler ignition and stable combustion technology be the developing history of existing last 100 years so far, current above-mentioned three kinds of technology are extensive use of on different power plant and boiler, summary is got up, their common technical characterictics are: utilize outside resources (fuel oil chemical energy, electric energy) that breeze airflow igniting and the required basic energy of steady combustion are provided continuously, combustion-supporting energy-output ratio is bigger; On the chemism and combustion process of burning, above-mentioned combustion system mainly is to set up to satisfy the needed equilibrium temperature condition of coal dust initial combustion.
Since the restriction of above-mentioned two technical characterictics, for the anthracitic boiler of burning, since the required initial temperature very high (>700 ℃) of coal dust firing, a large amount of combustion-supporting oil of the long-time consumption of conventional oil gun Technology Need, and plasma and little oil tech are then powerless.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combustion-supporting oil or outside resources consumption very little, operating cost is low, igniting is effective with steady combustion, coal adaptability is strong, prevent the effective of back-end surfaces dry combustion method overtemperature in the boiler startup, the possibility of back-end ductwork second-time burning significantly reduces in the boiler startup process, has reduced the pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion device and method of the pollutant emission in the start-up course simultaneously again.
For achieving the above object, the inventive system comprises: comprise a wind passage and be arranged on the interior pure oxygen ignition rifle and the electronic lighter that is used to strike sparks of wind passage one time, said pure oxygen ignition rifle comprises an oily passage and is sleeved on the pure oxygen in high pressure passage in the oily passage outside, the tube wall throat of said oily channel outlet side offers the through hole that is connected with the pure oxygen in high pressure passage, offers one to two group of nozzle that is connected with breeze airflow on the outer wall of pure oxygen in high pressure passage.
Pure oxygen in high pressure passage of the present invention rear end is connected with a hyperbaric oxygen cavity, is provided with an annular partition plate in the hyperbaric oxygen cavity, the cavity that annular partition plate is separated into the hyperbaric oxygen cavity two tapered configuration and is connected with through hole and nozzle respectively; The outlet of oil passage is a flaring structure, and through hole is opened in the throat of oily passage and evenly distributes along circumference; Nozzle evenly is opened on the outer wall of pure oxygen in high pressure passage along circumference.
Method of the present invention is: 1) initial stage ignition phase
When boiler ignition start, combustion-supporting oil or natural gas via spray into burner hearth by the combustion-supporting fuel oil passage 5 of pure oxygen ignition rifle 2, pure oxygen is sent into oily passage 5 and combustion-supporting fuel premix through pure oxygen in high pressure passage 4 by through hole 7 before being about to enter burner hearth, and the electric arc that is produced by electronic lighter 3 after leaving pure oxygen ignition rifle 2 is lighted, release heat, and form high-temperature flue gas;
2) the combustion-supporting coal dust stage
Coal dust and primary wind and powder mixture enter burner hearth by a wind passage 1 of main burner, and this moment, a large amount of pure oxygens mixed with the primary wind and powder mixture by pure oxygen in high pressure passage 4 and through nozzle 8 ejections;
High-temperature flue gas and the blending of pure oxygen primary wind and powder mixture that combustion-supporting fuel combustion forms have promoted the temperature of pulverized coal particle and have reached ignition point.Under continual pure oxygen was combustion-supporting, mixture temperature sharply rose, and reached the critical condition of self-organizing burning;
3) the pure coal dust firing stage
Continue to improve the supply of pure oxygen and coal dust, under the coal dust firing condition that the oneself supports fully, cut off combustion-supporting oil fuel supply, transfer the pure coal dust firing stage to.
The present invention is on the chemism and process of burning, dependence reduces coal powder ignition point temperature after pure oxygen constantly is provided, improve coal dust firing speed and burning scale rapidly, because pure oxygen is very helpful to the burn rate lifting of pulverized coal particle, and make that combustion power continues to amplify, the initial stage igniting and the time in combustion-supporting coal dust stage are very short, and therefore the consumption of combustion-supporting fuel is few.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes a wind passage 1 and be arranged on pure oxygen ignition rifle 2 in wind passage 1 and the electronic lighter 3 that is used to strike sparks, burning torch 2 comprises an oily passage 5 and is sleeved on the pure oxygen in high pressure passage 4 in oily passage 5 outsides, pure oxygen in high pressure passage 4 rear ends are connected with a hyperbaric oxygen cavity 6, be provided with an annular partition plate 9 in the hyperbaric oxygen cavity 6, annular partition plate 9 is separated into hyperbaric oxygen cavity 6 cavity of inside and outside two tapered configuration, the outlet of oil passage 5 is a flaring structure, the throat of oil passage 5 evenly offers the through hole 7 that is connected with external cavity along circumference, and the outer wall upper edge circumference of pure oxygen in high pressure passage 4 evenly offers two groups of nozzles that are connected with breeze airflow 8.
The course of work of pure oxygen ignition and smooth burning method and principle:
The course of work of pure oxygen ignition and stable combustion technology is divided three phases, and principle analysis is as follows:
Phase I: initial stage ignition phase
When boiler ignition start, to be oil or natural gas via spray into burner hearth by the combustion-supporting fuel oil passage 5 of burning torch 2 to combustion-supporting fuel, pure oxygen is sent into oily passage 5 and combustion-supporting fuel premix through the pure passage 4 of high pressure by through hole 7 before being about to enter burner hearth, and the electric arc that is produced by electronic striking rifle 3 after leaving burning torch 2 is lighted, since blending pure oxygen, burn rate is very high, discharges a large amount of heats, and forms high-temperature flue gas;
Second stage: combustion-supporting coal dust stage
Coal dust and primary wind and powder mixture enter burner hearth by a wind passage 1 of main burner, and this moment, a large amount of pure oxygens mixed with the primary wind and powder mixture by pure oxygen in high pressure passage 4 and through nozzle 8 ejections;
Exporting with a certain distance from burning torch, high-temperature flue gas and the blending of pure oxygen primary wind and powder mixture that combustion-supporting fuel combustion forms have promoted the temperature of pulverized coal particle and have reached ignition point.Under continual pure oxygen was combustion-supporting, it was very swift and violent to burn, and a large amount of heats discharge, and mixture temperature sharply rises, and was able to the critical condition of self-organizing burning;
Phase III: pure coal dust firing stage
Continue to improve the supply of pure oxygen and coal dust, under the coal dust firing condition that the oneself supports fully, cut off combustion-supporting fuel supply, transfer the pure coal dust firing stage to, no longer need extraneous thermal source in this stage, rely on coal dust firing fully and make boiler heating boost.
Because pure oxygen is very helpful to the burn rate lifting of pulverized coal particle, and make that combustion power continues to amplify, the initial stage igniting and the time in combustion-supporting coal dust stage are shorter, and expectation only needed tens minutes even a few minutes just can change the pure coal dust firing stage over to, and therefore the consumption of combustion-supporting fuel seldom.
The boiler normal operation period, if it is relatively poor to go into stove coal ature of coal, when boiler combustion was unstable, only needing provide a certain amount of pure oxygen to get final product smooth combustion by burning torch, did not need to provide in addition combustion-supporting fuel just can effectively prevent the generation of boiler extinguishment incident.
The cooling of burning torch and protection are by improving the speed of pure oxygen gas flow, make fuel combustion leave the certain distance of spout, simultaneously spout effectively being cooled off.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1, combustion-supporting oil or outside resources consumption are very little, and operating cost is low
The price of present combustion-supporting oil is high, and tonnage oxygen gas relative low price, through estimation, the 300MW boiler utilizes the technology of the present invention ignition trigger expense only to be 1/10 of conventional grease gun igniting technology.
2, the igniting and surely fire effective, coal adaptability is strong
Also can sustained combustion in pure oxygen and turn to dust even if just burnt red iron wire, therefore pure oxygen is indubitable for the raising of burn rate, this is particularly conducive to starting ignition and steady combustion the on the anthracite that the burning difficulty is fired and the boiler of mixing burned coal gangue so that effect of the present invention is very good.
3, prevent the effective of back-end surfaces dry combustion method overtemperature in the boiler startup
At the boiler startup process initial stage, heated surface at the end of boiler comprises that superheater and reheater are in dry-fire condition. After adopting the pure oxygen ignition mode, the boiler draft amount reduces, and to a great extent so that flow through the high-temperature flue gas amount of back-end surfaces and greatly reduce, is very beneficial for the overtemperature prote of back-end surfaces.
4, the possibility of back-end ductwork second-time burning greatly reduces in the boiler startup process
During the conventional grease gun igniting of boiler starts, can stain a large amount of combustion-supporting oil of uncombusted and pulverized coal particle at back-end ductwork, when temperature raises, second-time burning may take place and damage equipment. After adopting the pure oxygen ignition combustion system, because combustion-supporting fuel uses seldom, and the amount of uncombusted coal dust greatly reduces, and the possibility of second-time burning exists hardly.
5, reduced the pollutant emission in the start-up course
The conventional grease gun igniting initial start stage of boiler, because combustion-supporting oil firing not to the utmost, for alleviating the reason such as equipment contamination, the electric precipitation of power plant does not put into operation, is mingled with a large amount of flue dust in the boiler exhaust gas, and is very big to the destruction of atmospheric environment. After adopting the pure oxygen ignition technology, owing to do not have combustion-supporting oil to continue to drop into, the in addition minimizing of uncombusted pulverized coal particle, electric precipitation can put into operation at the very start in igniting, and the Dust Capacity in power plant's smoke evacuation will greatly reduce, thereby effectively protect environment.

Claims (4)

1. pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion device, comprise a wind passage (1) and be arranged on pure oxygen ignition rifle (2) in the wind passage (1) and the electronic lighter (3) that is used to strike sparks, it is characterized in that: said pure oxygen ignition rifle (2) comprises an oily passage (5) and is sleeved on the pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4) in oily passage (5) outside, the throat of the tube wall of said oily passage (5) outlet side offers the through hole (7) that is connected with pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4), offer one to two group of nozzle that is connected with breeze airflow (8) on the outer wall of pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4), said pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4) rear end is connected with a hyperbaric oxygen cavity (6), be provided with an annular partition plate (9) in the hyperbaric oxygen cavity (6), the cavity that annular partition plate (9) is separated into hyperbaric oxygen cavity (6) two tapered configuration and is connected with through hole (7) and nozzle (8) respectively.
2. pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the outlet of said oily passage (5) is a flaring structure, and through hole (7) is opened in the throat of oily passage (5) and evenly distributes along circumference.
3. pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said nozzle (8) evenly is opened on the outer wall of pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4) along circumference.
4. pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition/steady combustion method based on the described device of claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) initial stage ignition phase
When boiler ignition start, combustion-supporting oil or natural gas via spray into burner hearth by the combustion-supporting fuel oil passage (5) of pure oxygen ignition rifle (2), pure oxygen is sent into oily passage (5) and combustion-supporting fuel premix through pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4) by through hole (7) before being about to enter burner hearth, and the electric arc that is produced by electronic lighter (3) after leaving pure oxygen ignition rifle (2) is lighted, release heat, and form high-temperature flue gas;
2) the combustion-supporting coal dust stage
Coal dust and primary wind and powder mixture enter burner hearth by a wind passage (1) of main burner, and this moment, a large amount of pure oxygens mixed with the primary wind and powder mixture by pure oxygen in high pressure passage (4) and through nozzle (8) ejection;
High-temperature flue gas and the blending of pure oxygen primary wind and powder mixture that combustion-supporting oil or combustion of natural gas form have promoted the temperature of pulverized coal particle and have reached ignition point.Under continual pure oxygen was combustion-supporting, mixture temperature sharply rose, and reached the critical condition of self-organizing burning;
3) the pure coal dust firing stage
Continue to improve the supply of pure oxygen and coal dust, under the coal dust firing condition that the oneself supports fully, cut off combustion-supporting oil fuel supply, transfer the pure coal dust firing stage to.
CN2008101502902A 2008-07-09 2008-07-09 Apparatus and method for pulverized coal boiler pure oxygen ignition / steady combustion Active CN101324341B (en)

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CN101893252A (en) * 2010-07-18 2010-11-24 赵军政 High-efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly thermal power generating unit

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