CN101759451B - Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101759451B CN101759451B CN2008101715294A CN200810171529A CN101759451B CN 101759451 B CN101759451 B CN 101759451B CN 2008101715294 A CN2008101715294 A CN 2008101715294A CN 200810171529 A CN200810171529 A CN 200810171529A CN 101759451 B CN101759451 B CN 101759451B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 16
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZETCGWYACBNPIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;sulfurous acid Chemical compound N.OS(O)=O ZETCGWYACBNPIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000925662 Enterobacteria phage PRD1 Endolysin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494508 Arundo donax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000228150 Penicillium chrysogenum Species 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015505 Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 methoxyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an organic compost, which comprises the following components in part by weight: 10-50 organic matter, 5-20 humic acid, 0.5-2.0 total-N, 1.0-2.0 total-K and 0.1-0.5 total-P. The organic fertilizer is made by mixing and fermenting heavily polluted condensed water caused by black fluid concentration in the paper making process, crop straws, various plant organic matters or material preparing byproduct. The whole preparing technology is simple. The heavily polluted condensed water generated again in the paper making process and the straws are used to produce the organic fertilizer which is applied to the growing process of the crops again. The newly grown straws can be applied to the paper making industry. The cyclic utilization is the virtuous cycle of the sustainable development of industrial production. The organic compost reduces the soil hardened phenomenon, improves soil granular structure and can effectively promote the root to grow, obviously increase the number and thickness degree of the root, stimulate the crops to grow, strengthen the stress resistant performance of the crops and improve the quality of the crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic compost for the agriculture and forestry plant growth, relate more specifically to a kind of agricultural organic compost and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In the modern agriculture plantation, use in a large number chemical fertilizer owing to pursuing agricultural year, very good of the action effect of chemical fertilizer when just beginning, but along with the consumption of chemical fertilizer constantly increases, finding does not almost have organic-biological alive in the soil, this is to cause soil nitrification owing to moisture content could be kept and keep to the soil knot tying normal infiltration, organism can't be survived, and soil has originally lost Balance of nature, for from now on agriculture production causes totally unfavorable consequence.
In recent years, organic fertilizer becomes the first-selected fertilizer of farm crop, and the performance that organic fertilizer can improve soil comprehensively gets the nod.At present, the main raw material of industrial production fertilizer is peat, oil cake and municipal wastes etc.Peat, the oil cake places of origin of raw materials and reserves are restricted, can not promote on a large scale, but municipal wastes is raw material production organic fertilizer and environment purification can produce fertilizer again, but the concentration of organic matter is very low in the organic fertilizer that municipal wastes is produced, and fertilizer is not ideal enough.
The prescription that discloses a kind of multielement organic fertilizer among the patent ZL98124984.1 is to contain the peat composed of rotten mosses 40% of organic matter 〉=20%, humic acid 〉=15%, the soya-bean cake 30% of nitrogenous 〉=3%, the bone meal 15% of phosphorous 〉=4%, the plant ash 10% that contains potassium 〉=3%, kaolin or rare earth 4%, zeolite 1%.The preparation method is with after the raw material pulverizing, the peat composed of rotten mosses, soya-bean cake, bone meal and plant ash powder are erupted ferment through heat, material after the fermentation and kaolin or rare earth fully mix in proportion, mixed material carries out granulation, with above-mentioned granule coating, the fertilizer of wrapping is dried and is got final product behind the zeolite powder water furnishing zeolite slurry.
Patent ZL99814786.9 discloses a kind humic acid organic fertilizer material, C:N=9～the 15:1 of this fertilizer, brown coal are suspended in pH〉9～12 contain in the aqueous ammonia medium its part brown coal dissolving, be with the brown coal oxidation under 20～100 ℃ and the normal pressure in temperature, C:N=9～the 15:1 of gained organic fertilizer, nitrogen content reaches 6%.
Patent application 200710066082.X discloses a kind of organic fertilizer, adopts the discarded scrap stock of blue-green algae mud and cigarette factory and the low Tobacco roasting machinery that waits to stir, and pile at ambient temperature and seal, spontaneous fermentation 10～20 days, drying obtains the organic fertilizer product.
In the employed raw material type of above-mentioned organic fertilizer, and the price comparison of some raw material is high, sometimes also needs heating, and preparation technology's more complicated strengthens so that prepare the cost of this organic fertilizer.
Utilization to stalk, mainly be plant ash as fertilizer sources field also after burning to the utilization of agricultural crop straw particularly, this method can not take full advantage of the effective constituent of stalk, organic whole burned wastes, simultaneously, burning also causes the detrimentally affects such as topsoil.Agricultural crop straw is very feasible as the raw material of organic fertilizer, the various cereal of plantation can provide 1,700,000,000 tons of stalks every year in the world, wherein most of undressed utilization, approximately 500,000,000 tons of the agricultural crop straws in China every year, wherein, the some crops stalk is made feed, and a small amount of cotton stalk is used for cellulosic production, the part crop material is as the raw material of papermaking, and most of agricultural crop straw is not fully used.So rationally utilizing of stalk is extremely important.
Patent application 200310115156.6 discloses a kind of method of utilizing agricultural stalk to prepare organic fertilizer, be chopped into interpolation far infrared catalyzer and soil soil in the long base-material of 20～30cm at agricultural stalk, the auxiliary material such as ight soil and water, be 60～70 ℃ in temperature biochemical reaction occurs, after no longer rising, temperature stirs cooling, stack reaction and to room temperature, made organic fertilizer in 21～39 days, the component of described far infrared catalyzer is silicon-dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, any three kinds of combination of components of the component such as calcium oxide or manganese oxide, raw material is through mixing, ball milling, sieve, synthetic, dry and under 1000～1450 ℃ of high temperature, made catalyst mixture through heating in 6～24 hours.
Patent application 200510025464.9 discloses a kind of method of utilizing stalk to produce organic fertilizer, that stalk, animal excrement, sal epsom, molasses, bacterial classification and water after pulverizing are mixed, the stacking fermentation, leavening temperature is 10～35 ℃, fermentation time is 10～20 days, and the mass content of water of fermenting to the fermented product is 2～8% to obtain organic fertilizer.
Patent application 200610012804.9 discloses the technique of utilizing papermaking wastewater and agricultural crop straw to make fertilizer, comprise the steps: (1) papermaking wastewater (claiming again black liquid) and stalk Hybrid Heating, pressure cooking, 900～1100 kilograms of papermaking wastewaters and 700 kilogram of 60 purpose straw powder are mixed, send in the rotary spherical digester and heat, make pressure reach 5～8 normal atmosphere, kept 4～6 hours, slaking straw powder, straw powder also can replace with weeds.(2) the stalk mixture after the slaking being added 4～10 kilograms of the vitriol oils, is that the mixture material reaches till the neutrality.(3) mixture after will neutralizing adds yeast and enzyme, the mixture that is adjusted into after the neutrality is forwarded in the fermentation vat, amount by every cubic metre of 15-25 kilogram adds yeast powder, reach 1～2 kilogram of stalk lytic enzyme, mixing and stirring secondary fermentation 5～7 days, the stalk lytic enzyme is called again cellulolytic enzyme.Carry out afterwards the quality of phosphatization, ammonium, potassium raising fertilizer.
The above-mentioned agricultural crop straw that utilizes prepares in the method for organic fertilizer, and the kind that raw material uses is a lot, and its preparation technology is very complicated, required condition relatively, some need to heat or pressure treatment, to equipment require highly, the cost that causes preparing organic fertilizer strengthens.
Stalk is as the raw material of papermaking, use inferior ammonia pulping, in the shove process, obtain black liquor, a part of ammonia that black liquor produces in when concentrated is along with water vapor overflows, become nitrogenous heavy foul condensate after the cooling, this part waste liquid directly discharging can cause environmental pollution, and stalk produces a large amount of by products in melting process simultaneously.
The processes such as patent application 98110161.5 discloses complex treatment process for waste water of paper making ammonium salt process, and the black liquor process that specifically produces in the shove process is concentrated have prepared solid composite fertilizer.But the waste water that produces when preparation composite fertilizer is not further recycled again, and this part direct discharging of waste water to environment, has not caused the very large waste of resource because have to re-use simultaneously yet in environment.
Defects in view of prior art, the present invention makes nitrogenous waste liquid that paper making raw material produces with stalk in pulping and papermaking processes fully re-using and stalk or the byproduct comprehensive utilization when getting the raw materials ready prepare a kind of organic compost for the agriculture and forestry plant growth, both solved problem of environmental pollution, produce again the fertilizer favourable to farm-forestry crop, it is turned waste into wealth.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of organic compost, this organic compost can be used in the agricultural and forestry production, effectively increases organic content, significantly increases simultaneously root quantity and the rugosity of agriculture and forestry plant, obviously promotes the agriculture and forestry plant growth, increases stress resistance of plant.
Organic compost of the present invention has solved the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and namely feed composition is complicated, the long and high such problem of preparation cost of preparation process.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of organic compost, the method is the cycle applications of the heavy foul condensate that produces in the inferior ammonia pulping process, this recycling method has been eliminated and has been produced waste condensate water in the Black Liquor Concentration process to the pollution of environment, it is re-used preparation fertilizer or matrix, it is turned waste into wealth.
Specifically, organic compost of the present invention comprises following feed composition: the by product or its two or more mixture that produce when crop by-product, organic waste or grass pulp are got the raw materials ready;
Ammoniacal liquor;
Mixture before the by product that produces when described crop by-product, organic waste or grass pulp are got the raw materials ready or its two or more mixture and the fermentation that obtains after ammoniacal liquor mixes mutually, it is alkaline condition bottom fermentation at pH.
The mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 15～30:1 in the front mixture of described fermentation.
Described ammoniacal liquor is the aqueous solution that contains ammonia; Its preferred Industry Waste ammoniacal liquor and/or heavy foul condensate, described heavy foul condensate is the nitrogenous water of condensation that produces in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method Black Liquor Concentration process; It is heavy foul condensate more preferably.
25～70 ℃ of the temperature of described ammoniacal liquor.
Mixture mass ratio of its carbon and nitrogen after fermentation is 15～25:1 before the described fermentation.
In addition, by to the analysis of organic compost product of the present invention as can be known, comprise following effective constituent in its product:
Organic 10-50 weight parts
Humic acid 5-20 weight parts
Full nitrogen 0.5-2.0 weight parts
Full potassium 1.0-2.0 weight parts
Full phosphorus 0.1-0.5 weight part;
It is preferred:
Organic 20-30 weight parts
Humic acid 10-20 weight parts
Full nitrogen 1.0-1.5 weight parts
Full potassium 1.0-1.5 weight parts
Full phosphorus 0.1-0.3 weight part.
Organic compost is a kind of organic fertilizer, and contained nutritive substance is abundanter, and the long and stabilization energy of fertilizer efficiency increases the ability of soil water-retaining, insulation, ventilative, fertilizer conservation.
Described organic compost is that one of byproduct of producing when getting the raw materials ready in crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mixture mix through fermentation with ammoniacal liquor and be prepared from.
As required, usually the mass ratio of carbon in the raw mix and the mass ratio of nitrogen suitably to be controlled before the fermentation, to make the organic compost of corresponding uses.The present invention's mass ratio of the carbon in the mixture and nitrogen before fermentation is 15～30:1.
The carbon of the farm crop that are used as composting material commonly used and the mass ratio of nitrogen can be with reference to " the biogas development handbook is with finding in the book, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of organic waste also can be found in books such as " municipal solid waste management ".According to carbon-nitrogen ratio and the gross weight of the raw material of the compost of selecting and can calculate the quality that lacks nitrogen, can draw the amount that needs the ammoniacal liquor that adds, under the adjusting of ammoniacal liquor, make that the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen is controlled at 15～30:1 in the last composting material mixture.
For the preparation organic compost, the adjusting of pH value also is an important parameter of preparation organic compost.Usually pH value alkalescence can prepare organic compost, however for faster, make organic compost, preferably pH=9.5～10 better.
Leavening temperature is too low, and the time of preparation organic compost is with oversize; Leavening temperature is too high, although the preparation time of organic compost will shorten greatly, high temperature will be unfavorable for procreation and the growth of bacterial classification, and is therefore, same unfavorable to the preparation of organic compost.
Therefore, described leavening temperature is usually above normal temperature, but is lower than 70 ℃, preferably at 55～60 ℃.
Ammoniacal liquor described in the present invention is the aqueous solution that contains ammonia.Therefore, can utilize industrially to contain all aqueous solution ammonia and that have certain temperature as the ammoniacal liquor raw material, described temperature is 25-70 ℃.
Industry Waste ammoniacal liquor with certain temperature can improve leavening temperature, promotes the carrying out of fermentation, has greatly shortened fermentation time, takes full advantage of waste heat and the nitrogen content of deposed ammonia.
In the present invention, preferably, use ammonium salt process to prepare the heavy foul condensate that the Black Liquor Concentration process produces, described heavy foul condensate is the nitrogenous water of condensation that produces in the ammonium salt process Black Liquor Concentration process.
25～70 ℃ of the temperature of described heavy foul condensate, its preferred 50～70 ℃, its nitrogenous mass percent is 0.05%-0.5%, its preferred 0.3%-0.5%.
Preferably, comprise in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method process and getting the raw materials ready, boiling, shove, washing, discongest and oxygen delignification, the heavy foul condensate that the black liquor that produces in the shove process forms in concentration process, it is characterized in that, one of byproduct that produces when getting the raw materials ready in nitrogenous water of condensation and crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mix the phase mixing, ferment, between leavening temperature drops to envrionment temperature and 40 ℃, fermentation was finished when the ratio of the mass percent of pH=6.5～8.5 and carbon and the mass percent of nitrogen was 15～25:1, obtained the leavened prod organic compost.
The described concentrated evaporation concentration that is preferably.
Contain trace copper, zinc, iron and manganese in the described organic compost.
The pH of described organic compost is 6.5-8.5.
Organic compost provided by the invention contains 5%-20% humic acid, and the elements such as humic acid main component carbon containing, hydrogen and nitrogen also contain methoxyl group isoreactivity group, can promote farm crop absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium element; The improvement soil physical and chemical property stimulates crop growth, strengthens the farm crop anti-adversity, improves the several functions such as quality of agricultural product.
Described full nitrogen is organonitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sum in the organic compost; Described full phosphorus is with P
2O
5Meter; Described full potassium is with K
2The O meter.
The total porosity of described organic compost is 40～60, and they are preferred 45～55 years old.
The ventilating slit of described organic compost is 30～50, and they are preferred 35～40 years old.
The water holding hole of described organic compost is 5～20, and they are preferred 8～12 years old.
Farm-forestry crop uses chemical fertilizer mostly at present, life-time service so that the water ratio of soil, porosity of soil, the gas permeability of soil and perviousness all reduce, the phenomenon that hardens is quite serious, the total porosity of organic compost of the present invention is high, can effectively increase sedimentation and the ventilation property of soil, effectively alleviate the soil compaction degree.
The EC value is less than 4 in the described organic compost.
Moisture content is 35%～50% in the described organic compost.
According to the needs of different crops, organic compost provided by the invention can mix with mineral manure use, and described mineral manure comprises one or more mixing of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer.
For realizing the preparation method of a kind of organic compost of another goal of the invention of the present invention, the technical scheme of employing is:
One of byproduct that produces when (1) getting the raw materials ready in ammoniacal liquor and crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mix the phase mixing, ferment;
(2) the pH value 6.5～8.5 and the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen when being 15～25:1 fermentation finish, obtain the leavened prod organic compost;
The temperature of described ammoniacal liquor is 25～70 ℃.
Fermentation is carried out under alkaline condition, and the carbon of mixture and the mass ratio of nitrogen are 15～30:1 before the fermentation.
Its preferred pH=9.5～10.
The described fermentation of step (2) is that the drop in temperature of mixture is finished between envrionment temperature and 40 ℃.
Mixture airing, pack after will fermenting after fermentation is finished.
Described ammoniacal liquor is the aqueous solution that contains ammonia.Therefore, can utilize industrially to contain all aqueous solution ammonia and that have certain temperature as the ammoniacal liquor raw material, described temperature is 25～70 ℃.
The described crop by-product of step (1) comprises all positions except the farm crop fruit.
Described dogstail comprises wheat straw, straw, cotton stalk, bagasse, giantreed or reed.
Described organic waste comprises the organism of gardens organic waste or domestic refuse.
Described gardens organic waste comprises branch, leaf and/or the lawn of pruning.
The described slurrying of step (1) comprises gets the raw materials ready, boiling, shove, washs, discongests.
The waste liquid of described black liquor in the shove process, producing.
Preferred technical scheme is:
(1) concentrates producing black liquor in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method process, obtain concentrated black liquor and temperature and be 25～70 ℃ heavy foul condensate;
One of byproduct that produces when (2) getting the raw materials ready in heavy foul condensate and crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mix the phase mixing, ferment;
(3) the pH value 6.5～8.5 and the ratio of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen when being 15～25:1 fermentation finish, obtain the leavened prod organic compost.
Among the present invention, described Stalk Ammonia Sulfite Pulping is preferably:
1) in intermittent type ball-type pulp digester or continuous steamer:
Described Stalk Ammonia Sulfite Pulping is:
1. add cooking liquor at the stalk that is used for slurrying, wherein the ammonium sulphite consumption is the 9-13% to the over dry material quantity, joins the 0-8% that amount of sodium hydroxide is the over dry material quantity, and liquor ratio is 1:2-4;
2. pass into steam and heat, be heated to temperature 165-173 ℃, omnidistance time 160-210 minute of intensification, little venting, insulation;
2) in vertical digester:
Described Stalk Ammonia Sulfite Pulping is preferably:
To be that 120-140 ℃ hot black liquor is by the packer steam cooker of packing into by temperature for the stalk of slurrying, after the dress pot is full, close pot cover, replenishing temperature in the steam cooker is 130-160 ℃ of steaming preparation, discharge simultaneously the air in the pot and boost to 0.6-0.75MPa, the cooking liquor heating cycle pump of open system and tube still heater are that cooking liquor is warming up to 156-173 ℃, heat up, be incubated and be replaced into 180-220 minute, put with pump at last slurry is delivered to spraying pot; In the described steaming preparation, wherein the ammonium sulphite consumption is the 9-15% to the over dry material quantity, joins the 0-8% that amount of sodium hydroxide is the over dry material quantity, and liquor ratio is 1:6-10.
It has been generally acknowledged that grass kind plant slurrying in the prior art if reach the chemical pulp of high whiteness, need to be when boiling, the time of boiling and insulation will be grown, so that slurry boils to get comparison " soft ", for example having mentioned pulp hardness K value in the 3rd phase of the 14th volume in 1999 " Hubei Polytichnic College's journal " being entitled as of delivering literary composition of " strengthening imagination and Preliminary Practice that dogstail is got the raw materials ready and reforms boiling " is below 10, the good 7-8 that reaches becomes pulp yield more than 50%, and good reaches 57%, more than the fracture length 4000m, good reaches more than the 7000m, can obtain the straw pulp Extended Delignification, the shallow good bleaching of pulping, intensity is good, digester yield is high, can be energy-conservation, subtract dirt, the advantages such as consumption reduction.
In the Stalk Ammonia Sulfite Pulping technique of the present invention, by reducing the consumption of cooking liquor, shorten the time of boiling, prepare high-hardness pulp.The minimizing of chemical liquid consumption and the shortening of cooking time all can reduce enterprise's production cost greatly, and yield is greatly improved, thereby have greatly improved production efficiency.Simultaneously, high-hardness pulp of the present invention can be used as the raw material of preparation bleach chemical pulp, because the concentration of used liquid reduces during boiling, and the time of boiling and insulation also shortens greatly, thereby in the loss and the degraded that have reduced to greatest extent needed Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose in the paper pulp, yield and the intensity of paper pulp all is improved.
Adopt Stalk Ammonia Sulfite Pulping technique of the present invention, with grass kind plant carry out boiling complete after, the high-hardness pulp that has obtained permanganate number and be 16-28 is equivalent to card uncle valency 24-50.With the paper that the prepared paper pulp of the present invention is made, stiffness etc. all obviously are better than prior art.
Along with the carrying out of fermentation, the temperature of mixture raises first gradually in the described fermenting process, keeps stable again, then descends gradually again also gradually decline of the pH of mixture.If moisture is inadequate during the fermentation, and fermentation is not finished, even the ratio of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen is not between 15～30:1, the pH value is not between 6.5～8.5 the time, can add in addition moisture its fermentation is finished, " burning seedling " phenomenon occurs when avoiding for Planting Crops.
Contain the nitrogen element in the described heavy foul condensate.
The mass percent of nitrogen is 0.05～0.5% in the described heavy foul condensate, and it is preferred 0.1～0.3% years old.
After one of byproduct that produces when getting the raw materials ready in described heavy foul condensate and crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mix the phase mixing, the ratio of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen was 15～30:1 after it mixed, water content 60%～80%, pH=9.5～10, temperature are 55～60 ℃.
The black liquor that produces in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method process has water of condensation to produce when concentrated, and the present invention is called heavy foul condensate, and containing Black Liquor Concentration in this heavy foul condensate is the ammonia that produces, and namely contains ammoniacal liquor, preferred 50～70 ℃ of the temperature of its water of condensation in the heavy foul condensate.
The optimal temperature of agricultural crop straw or fermentation of organic wastes is at 55～60 ℃, and temperature is higher, and biochemical reaction speed is faster, and required fermentation time is shorter, and begins fermentation in this temperature range, basically can all knock out most pathogenic bacterias in the mixing raw material; If temperature is too low during fermentation, cause fermentation time oversize, and pathogenic bacteria can not be removed; If leavening temperature is too high, fermentation time has shortened, but useful microorganism can die at high temperature.
Its temperature was at 55～60 ℃ after the heavy foul condensate that produces when the present invention utilizes Black Liquor Concentration mixed with agricultural crop straw or organic waste, this water of condensation and agricultural crop straw mixture have replenished the nitrogen element that needs in the stalk fermentation process, need not simultaneously extraneous heating, temperature can reach rapidly the optimal temperature of agricultural crop straw or fermentation of organic wastes after it mixed.With the i.e. heavy abundant recycle of foul condensate of waste liquid that produces in the pulping process; In addition, save energy consumption, directly utilized the heat energy of heavy foul condensate, shortened fermentation time, utilized heavy foul condensate can save the water that needs during the fermentation, saved water resources; At last agricultural crop straw and organic waste are taken full advantage of.Not only save energy but also avoided environmental pollution obtained the organic compost useful to farm crop.
The preferred agricultural crop straw of described crop by-product or wheat bran, agricultural crop straw comprise one or more mixing of wheat stalk, rice straw, maize straw, beanstalk, broomcorn straw or peanut stalk.
Described crop by-product is the mixture of stalk and wheat bran more preferably.
Described wheat bran add-on is the 0.3%-0.6% of agricultural crop straw quality.
Before fermenting, also can add one or more the mixing in fermented bacterium, calcium superphosphate, mud, nursery soil, lime or the feces of livestock and poultry.
Heavy foul condensate of the present invention can replenish in farming stalk or the melting process nitrogen element not enough in the byproduct, except heavy foul condensate, all can provide the material of nitrogen element simultaneously can also to add other, such as nursery soil, mud etc., in order to improve the content of other compositions of organic compost, such as calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium etc. can add the corresponding material that also has these elements.
Described fermenting process is the nature aerobic fermentation.
The aerobic bacterial classification that described aerobic fermentation uses comprises aspergillus fungi, Penicillium notatum, Bacillus subtilus, Trichoderma or actinomycetic one or more mixing.
More preferably scheme of the present invention is:
(1) concentrates producing black liquor in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method process, obtain concentrated black liquor and temperature and be 25～70 ℃ heavy foul condensate;
The byproduct of generation mixes mutually when (2) getting the raw materials ready in heavy foul condensate and the grass pulping process, ferments;
(3) the pH value 6.5～8.5 and the ratio of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen when being 15～25:1 fermentation finish, obtain the leavened prod organic compost.
Preferred 50～70 ℃ of the temperature of heavy foul condensate.
The byproduct that produces when getting the raw materials ready in agricultural crop straw or the grass pulping process is during as fermentation raw material, with the mass ratio 1:2 of weight water of condensation～5.
Disclose in patent application 200610012804.9 and to have utilized papermaking wastewater and agricultural crop straw to make fertilizer technique, to utilize papermaking wastewater (claiming again black liquid) and stalk Hybrid Heating, pressure cooking, the slaking straw powder, add afterwards the vitriol oil again and neutralize till the neutrality, the mixture after the neutralization adds yeast and enzymic fermentation makes fertilizer.
Compare with patent application 200610012804.9, the present invention prepares the mixed fermentation of the byproduct of generation when getting the raw materials ready in nitrogenous heavy foul condensate that black liquid that organic compost adopts distills out and stalk or the paper-making process in preparation fertilizer process, take full advantage of nitrogen and heat thereof in the heavy foul condensate, do not need other heating, pressurization, can make PH=6.5～8.5, the organic compost of C:N=15～25:1, utilization from raw material, the aspects such as preparation technology, the present invention more can take full advantage of papermaking wastewater than patent application 200610012804.9, obtains the organic fertilizer useful to agriculture and forestry plant.
Organic compost provided by the invention contains the compositions such as organic matter, humic acid, trace element, and total porosity is 40～60, the ventilating slit is 30～50, the water holding hole is 5～20, the improvement soil physical and chemical property is obvious, so that the water ratio of soil, porosity of soil, the gas permeability of soil and perviousness occur obviously to change, effectively alleviate the soil compaction phenomenon, stimulate crop growth, strengthen the farm crop anti-adversity, improve the several functions such as quality of agricultural product.
This organic compost is to take full advantage of 50～70 ℃ nitrogenous heavy foul condensate and the stalk fermentation that black liquor that papermaking produces forms to make in concentration process, solved on the one hand problem of environmental pollution, the heavy foul condensate of papermaking wastewater and heat are taken full advantage of, solved waste water pollution problem; On the other hand, the byproduct that produces when getting the raw materials ready in agricultural crop straw or the paper-making process also fully utilizes, and has really realized the purpose of straw-returning.Whole technological process is simple to operate, in paper-making process, produce again weight foul condensate and straw and get organic compost, this organic compost reapplication is to the process of farm-forestry crop growth, the stalk that grows can be used for paper industry, so recycle is the benign cycle of the sustainable development of suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) gets the raw materials ready
Wheat straw waste and waste material wheat bran that wheat straw grass stalk is got the raw materials ready and obtained handling well;
(2) pulping by cooking
Add the steaming preparation ammonium sulphite in the wheat straw waste of handling well that upwards step obtains, wherein the consumption of ammonium sulphite is over dry material quantity 9%, liquor ratio is 1:2, passing into steam heats, insulation is 20 minutes when being heated to temperature and being 100 ℃, carries out little steam bleeding, continues to be heated to 165 ℃, be incubated 60 minutes, obtain concentration and be 8%, hardness is the high-hardness pulp of 16 permanganate numbers;
(3) the high-hardness pulp aftertreatment obtains rare black liquor
The high-hardness pulp that the upper step was obtained enters from the entrance of pulp-extruding machine, and extruding black liquor after the extruding black liquor, carries out pulp washing, merges the black liquor extruded and the black liquor of pulp washing, and obtaining solid content is 15%, and degree Beaume is rare black liquor of 9, and pH is 10.
(4) evaporation concentration
Rare black liquor that the upper step was obtained carries out that evaporation concentration obtains concentrated black liquid and nitrogen content is that 2000ppm, temperature are 60 ℃ water of condensation, and concentrated black liquid is used for the composting material;
(5) fermentation
Add the described heavy foul condensate of 2000kg step (4) and 6kg wheat bran among the waste material wheat bran 1000kg that step (1) obtains, mix, wherein water content is 70%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=25:1 in the mixture, pH is 9.5, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation, temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, be 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continue to begin later on to descend in 25 days, the 40 ℃ of fermenting processs that drop to of temperature finish, and its pH value is 7.1, among the every 100g of product organic compost that obtains, contain the 24.32g organic matter, the 12.47g humic acid, full potassium content is 1.13g, content of tatal phosphorus is 0.12g, and total nitrogen content is 1.14g; The ventilation space is 38.8%, and general porosity is 49.64, and the water holding space is 10.84%, and contains micro-22.53mg/kg copper, 62.70mg/kg zinc, 2.38g/kg iron, 281.03mg/kg manganese.
Embodiment 2
Be 2500ppm with adding the nitrogen content that produces in the 3000kg pulping with ammonium sulfite method process among the rice straw 1000kg, temperature is 70 ℃ heavy foul condensates, add again the 5kg wheat bran, mix, wherein water content is 65%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=18:1 in the mixture, pH is 10.0, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, is 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continues to begin later on to descend in 14 days, the 35 ℃ of fermenting processs that drop to of temperature finish, its pH is 6.5, among the every 100g of product organic compost that obtains, contains the 35.25g organic matter, 10.85g humic acid, full potassium content is 1.63g, and content of tatal phosphorus is 0.84g, and total nitrogen content is 1.59g; The ventilation space is 48.8%, and general porosity is 46.64, and the water holding space is 16.84%, and also has micro-32.54mg/kg copper, 68.52mg/kg zinc, 3.13g/kg iron, 280.54mg/kg manganese.
Embodiment 3
Be 500ppm with adding the nitrogen content that produces in the 4500kg pulping with ammonium sulfite method process among the waste material wheat bran 1000Kg that produces in the pulping process, temperature is 60 ℃ heavy foul condensates, mix, wherein water content is 75%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=30:1 in the mixture, pH is 9.5, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation, temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, be 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continue to begin later on to descend in 15 days, the 32 ℃ of fermenting processs that drop to of temperature finish, and its pH is 8.2, among the every 100g of product organic compost that obtains, contain the 41.25g organic matter, the 15.85g humic acid, full potassium content is 1.13g, content of tatal phosphorus is 0.2g, and total nitrogen content is 1.13g; The ventilation space is 38.8%, and general porosity is 49.64, and the water holding space is 10.84%, and contains micro-19.93mg/kg copper, 62.70mg/kg zinc, 2.38g/kg iron, 281.03mg/kg manganese.
Embodiment 4
The wheat stalk 100kg of the waste material wheat bran 800kg that produces in the pulping process and chopping is mixed, adding the nitrogen content that produces in the 2600kg pulping with ammonium sulfite method process is 2000ppm again, temperature is 70 ℃ heavy foul condensates, mix, wherein water content is 60%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=25:1 in the mixture, pH is 9.5, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, is 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continues to begin later on to descend in 20 days, the 26 ℃ of fermenting processs that drop to of temperature finish, its pH is 7.2, among the every 100g of product organic compost that obtains, contains the 45.31g organic matter, 15.21g humic acid, full potassium content is 1.31g, and content of tatal phosphorus is 0.18g, and total nitrogen content is 1.28g.
Embodiment 5
With the waste material rice chaff 1000kg that produces in the pulping process, 10kg ight soil and 5kg Bacillus subtilus mix, adding the nitrogen content that produces in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method process is 2500ppm again, temperature is 68 ℃ heavy foul condensates, mix, wherein water content is 60%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=30:1 in the mixture, pH is 9.5, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation, temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, is 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continues to begin later on to descend in 13 days, and the decline of temperature shows to 15 ℃ of fermenting processs and finishes, its pH is 6.8, contain the 18.61g organic matter among the every 100g of the organic compost that obtains, the 16.47g humic acid, full potassium content is 0.86g, content of tatal phosphorus is 0.25g, and total nitrogen content is 1.57g.
Embodiment 6
Maize straw 500kg with chopping, cotton stalk 300kg and the pruning trees of chopping, lawn waste 200kg mixes mutually, adding the nitrogen content that produces in the 3100kg pulping with ammonium sulfite method process is 1500ppm again, temperature is 68 ℃ heavy foul condensates, mix, the nursery soil that adds simultaneously 10kg, wherein water content is 75%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=17:1 in the mixture, pH is 9.6, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation, temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, be 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continue to begin later on to descend in 21 days, the 37 ℃ of fermenting processs that drop to of temperature finish, and its pH is 7.0, among the every 100g of product organic compost that obtains, contain the 26.24g organic matter, the 14.91g humic acid, full potassium content is 1.41g, content of tatal phosphorus is 0.20g, and total nitrogen content is 1.48g.
Embodiment 7
With the waste material wheat bran 1000kg that produces in the pulping process and, adding the nitrogen content that produces in the 2400kg pulping with ammonium sulfite method process is 2000ppm again, temperature is 70 ℃ of heavy foul condensates and an amount of waste coking ammonia water, mix, wherein water content is 60%, the ratio C of the mass percent of the mass percent of carbon and nitrogen: N=26:1 in the mixture, pH is 9.5, adopt bar buttress formula fermentation process to carry out the nature aerobic fermentation after mixing, in the process of fermentation temperature is detected, the temperature of fermenting process rises gradually, is 55-60 ℃ in temperature and continues to begin later on to descend in 17 days, the 26 ℃ of fermenting processs that drop to of temperature finish, its pH is 7.2, among the every 100g of product organic compost that obtains, contains the 44.81g organic matter, 16.45g humic acid, full potassium content is 1.38g, and content of tatal phosphorus is 0.19g, and total nitrogen content is 1.38g.
Claims (5)
1. organic compost comprises following feed composition:
The by product or its two or more mixture that produce when crop by-product, organic waste or grass pulp are got the raw materials ready, and ammoniacal liquor;
The by product that produces when described crop by-product, organic waste or grass pulp are got the raw materials ready or its two or more mixture and the front mixture of fermentation that obtains after ammoniacal liquor mixes mutually, the carbon of mixture and the mass ratio of nitrogen are 15-30 before the fermentation, it is at the condition bottom fermentation of pH=9.5～10
Temperature during described fermentation is 55～60 ℃;
Described ammoniacal liquor is nitrogenous water of condensation, described nitrogenous water of condensation is the heavy foul condensate that produces in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method Black Liquor Concentration process, the temperature of heavy foul condensate is 50～70 ℃, nitrogenous mass percent is 0.05%-0.25%, one of byproduct that produces when getting the raw materials ready in nitrogenous water of condensation and crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mix phase and are mixed into row and ferment, between leavening temperature drops to envrionment temperature and 40 ℃, the mass ratio of pH=6.5～8.5 and carbon and nitrogen is that fermentation in 15～25: 1 o'clock is finished, and obtains the leavened prod organic compost.
2. organic compost according to claim 1 is characterized in that, effective constituent comprises:
3. organic compost according to claim 2 is characterized in that, effective constituent comprises:
4. the preparation method such as organic compost as described in one of claim 1-3 comprises the steps:
One of byproduct that produces when (1) getting the raw materials ready in ammoniacal liquor and crop by-product or organic waste or the grass pulping process or its mix the phase mixing, ferment, wherein, the carbon of mixture and the mass ratio of nitrogen are 15-30 before the fermentation: 1, fermentation is carried out under the condition of pH=9.5～10, and the temperature during described fermentation is 55～60 ℃;
(2) fermentation for the drop in temperature of mixture between envrionment temperature and 40 ℃, the pH value 6.5～8.5 and the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen be to ferment in 15～25: 1 o'clock to finish, obtain the leavened prod organic compost;
Described ammoniacal liquor is nitrogenous water of condensation, and described nitrogenous water of condensation is the heavy foul condensate that produces in the pulping with ammonium sulfite method Black Liquor Concentration process, and the temperature of heavy foul condensate is 50～70 ℃, and nitrogenous mass percent is 0.05%-0.25%.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the described crop by-product of step (1) comprises all positions except the farm crop fruit; Described organic waste comprises the organism of gardens organic waste or domestic refuse, and described gardens organic waste comprises branch, leaf and/or the lawn of pruning.
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| CN101768887B (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2012-12-26 | 山东和润浆纸有限公司 | Circular utilization method of straw in pulping and papermaking processes |
| CN106818377A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 余启佳 | A kind of wingceltis tree utilizes organic fertilizer implantation methods |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1281835A (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2001-01-31 | 南京农业大学 | Method for decomposing stalks and straws of crops and fertilizer made of them |
| CN1400194A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-03-05 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Method for preparing ecological fertilizer by using steam-puffed plant straw and stalk as raw material through solid fermentation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1281835A (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2001-01-31 | 南京农业大学 | Method for decomposing stalks and straws of crops and fertilizer made of them |
| CN1400194A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-03-05 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | Method for preparing ecological fertilizer by using steam-puffed plant straw and stalk as raw material through solid fermentation |
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