CN101749714A - Waste incineration method capable of inhibiting generation of dioxins and system thereof - Google Patents
Waste incineration method capable of inhibiting generation of dioxins and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101749714A CN101749714A CN200910217538A CN200910217538A CN101749714A CN 101749714 A CN101749714 A CN 101749714A CN 200910217538 A CN200910217538 A CN 200910217538A CN 200910217538 A CN200910217538 A CN 200910217538A CN 101749714 A CN101749714 A CN 101749714A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waste incineration method capable of inhibiting generation of dioxins and a system thereof. The system comprises a fluid bed incinerator and an exhaust heat boil, and also comprises a first separating unit, an external heat exchanger and a retardant adding device, wherein the fluid bed incinerator, the first separating unit and the exhaust heat boil are connected in sequence; the external heat exchanger is connected between the first separating unit and the fluid bed incinerator and used for the recycle combustion of returning charge ash which is separated and returned through a returning charge inclined pipe to the hearth of the fluid bed incinerator, at the same time the heat exchange uses the heat of the returning charge ash to heat steam; and the retardant adding device is used for adding retardant from all parts of the system according to different retardant and operation condition. Through the overall optimized design of the waste incineration system, the invention can basically inhibit the generation of dioxins, effectively controls the pollution of dioxins on environment, and also can effectively recycle the heat energy generated by waste incineration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the garbage incineration technology field, especially, relate to a kind of garbage incineration method and system that dioxin-like chemical generates that suppress.
Background technology
The house refuse in city is the product of following of mankind's activity.Along with the raising of urban population increase and urban life level, domestic waste output is growing.The domestic waste severe contamination of Zeng Jiaing human living environment day by day." three change " that how to realize that domestic waste is innoxious, subtract appearanceization and resource handles and become the focus that the whole world is paid close attention to.In common waste disposal method, but waste incineration owing to disposal of refuse innoxious thoroughly, subtract the main flow that advantage such as the deep and recovery energy of appearanceization becomes urban garbage disposal.
But waste incineration is easy to generate secondary pollution, and the dioxin-like chemical that particularly waste incineration generated has very big harmfulness.Dioxin-like chemical is meant and contains the chlorine-containing organic compounds that one or two oxygen key connects two phenyl ring, be a kind of colorless and odorless, liposoluble substance that toxicity is serious, be the two big class organic compounds that structure is all very similar with character, comprise numerous congeners or isomers, its chemical name is many chloros dibenzo dioxin-like chemical (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins respectively, be called for short PCDD) and many chloros dibenzofurans (polychlorinated dibenzofurans is called for short PCDFs).Dioxin-like chemical is difficult to be degraded in natural environment without any purposes, the more important thing is that its toxicity is very big.Therefore, in the waste incineration process, the generation that how to suppress dioxin-like chemical is the focus of present garbage disposal research.
The reason that is formed with two aspects of dioxin-like chemical in the waste incineration process: being the dioxin-like chemical of sneaking in the rubbish on the one hand, is to produce dioxin-like chemical in the waste incineration process on the other hand.The formation mechanism that produces dioxin-like chemical in the waste incineration process has three kinds:
1. high temperature is synthetic, and promptly High Temperature Gas generates PCDD/Fs mutually.Enter incinerator at rubbish, take fire behind super-dry, warm-up phase, part rubbish especially bulk rubbish may be in local anoxycausis state when burning, and can generate some imperfect combustion products this moment.Chlorine in the rubbish such as organochlorine and inorganic chlorine, most can discharging when burning with the form of HCl, and be converted into Cl and Cl in the effect lower part of catalyst
2Cl and Cl
2But the equal above-mentioned imperfect combustion product of chlorination, the imperfect combustion product of generation chloro, and then by polymerisation generation PCDD/Fs.Studies show that the optimum temperature range of this reaction is 500～800 ℃.
2. predecessor is synthetic, and the inhomogeneous catalytic reaction on imperfect combustion thing and flying dust surface can form multiple organic gas phase predecessor, as Polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorophenol, chlorobenzene and diphenyl ether etc.These predecessors generate PCDD/Fs by thermal degradation and molecular rearrangement, when forming process betides predecessor absorption and concentrates floating particulate.The avtive spot of microparticle surfaces can promote the formation of PCDD/Fs.And, but the formation of catalysis PCDD/Fs reaction when butter is adsorbed on the particulate.This reaction optimal temperature is 250～450 ℃ (also having research to think 220～500 ℃), and reaction too high or too low for temperature all can be suppressed.Generate the existence that PCDD/Fs has following key condition: a, predecessor by this mechanism; B, has small porous particle, as the dust stratification in flying dust, heating surface or the flue than bigger serface and adsorption capacity; C, avtive spot: uncompleted burned carbon; D, catalyst: butter, especially transition metal chloride such as copper chloride, iron chloride; The temperature range of e, reaction: 250～450 ℃.
3. low temperature is from the beginning synthetic, and in this mechanism, PCDD/Fs is synthesized by those and its dissimilar non-predecessor of molecular structure.These non-predecessors comprise: oil product, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, cellulose, lignin, coke, coal, carbon particulate and hydrogen chloride gas.From the beginning synthetic reaction process is mainly: the carbon of small amount of residual closely is adsorbed in the pore of fly ash granule in the flying dust, when air flows through flying dust, airborne oxygen is diffused in the pore and reacts with natural carbon (big molecular carbon), be the oxidative degradation of big molecular carbon, chlorine is transferred to the big molecular carbon from the muriatic ligand of flying dust surface metal simultaneously, form the aromatic compound of chloro, further generate PCDD/Fs again.A large amount of tests, result of study show that from the beginning the dioxin-like chemical content and the following condition of synthetic reaction generation are closely related: a, temperature, and from the beginning synthetic dioxin-like chemical minimum temperature is 200 ℃, the optimum temperature window is about 300～350 ℃ and 450 ℃; The content of carbon and form in b, the flying dust; C, metallic catalyst are one of synthetic reaction essential conditions from the beginning, and cupric is acknowledged as the catalyst that the most effective promotion PCDD/Fs generates, and also have research to think that ferrous iron and ferric iron also have the catalytic capability identical with copper; From the beginning d, oxygen are playing an important role in the synthetic reaction, all need the contribution of oxygen in the production process of the gasification of carbon, chlorine; E, chlorine source are that PCDD/Fs forms requisite element, the Cl that it is generally acknowledged
2The chlorination ability is higher than HCl.
Above-mentioned three kinds of mechanism produce the effect that has among the PCDD/Fs more or less in the waste incineration process, it is generally acknowledged that 2. contribution 3. accounts for major part to mechanism with mechanism.But specifically play a leading role, also will depend on the influence of various factors such as design, burning condition, propellant composition, running status of the type of furnace, CIU by any mechanism.
According to the generting machanism of above-mentioned dioxin-like chemical as can be known, destroying the condition that dioxin-like chemical generates is to suppress the important channel that dioxin-like chemical generates.
Current at present, the most widely used flue gas of refuse burning dioxin-like chemical technology of removing, be that (extracting tower or sack cleaner) sprays into powdered active carbon (or particulate of other porous, high-specific surface area) in flue in the tail flue gas treating apparatus, again in conjunction with sack cleaner, by effects such as absorption, filtrations, remove the dioxin-like chemical in the flue gas, make incineration flue gas discharging dioxin-like chemical purpose up to standard thereby reach.Similarly also have afterbody that the technology of activated carbon adsorber is set with it.This technology is very effective, and technology is also very ripe.
But above-mentioned technology only is that the pollutant in the flue gas is shifted, and dioxin-like chemical is adsorbed onto active carbon collects to flying dust.Though the content of dioxin-like chemical has reduced in the flue gas, the rising owing to dioxin-like chemical content in the flying dust has increased its danger, and toxicity is bigger, also more difficult processing.Therefore, this treatment process shows no sign of the total amount that reduces refuse incineration from generating dioxins class material, is not dioxin-like chemical improvement technology truly.In addition, the absorption dioxin-like chemical needs high-quality Powdered Activated Carbon, and its fancy price makes that also the operating cost of this technology is very high, and general garbage burning factory probably is difficult to bear.
In addition, control the generation of PCDD/Fs at danger wastes CIU quench commonly used.Be generally quench tower is set, in flue gas, spray into a large amount of atomized waters, make flue gas by being cooled to rapidly below 200 ℃ more than 600 ℃.Avoid in this temperature range, 2. 3. generating PCDD/Fs with mechanism by mechanism.But this technology is very unfavorable to the recovery of burning heat energy, does not adopt in large-scale consumer waste incineration system.
In addition, also have by afterbody the technology that metal solvent degraded and ultraviolet degradation PCDD/Fs device are controlled the dioxin-like chemical discharging is set, but all under test at present, the technology of still not having mature and reliable can be for implementing.And component of refuse is very complicated and unstable, contains the material that can make catalyst poisoning in a large number in the incineration ashes, and can metal solvent and ultraviolet degradation be suitable for and wait textual criticism.
Prior art also has a kind of retarding agents such as modified calcium-base, sulfenyl that add at incineration flue gas, and the technology that retardance PCDD/Fs generates in the flue gas cool-down process has had a large amount of tests and studies have shown that certain effect.For example, calcium base retarding agent can be by blocking its synthetic PCDD/Fs with predecessor (mainly being chlorophenol and chlorobenzene) reaction; The sulfenyl retarding agent is by reacting with the chlorine source and approach such as the catalyst poisoning retardance PCDD/Fs of PCDD/Fs reaction of formation being generated.But the generation that relies on retarding agent to control PCDD/Fs also has very big drawback: existing retarding agent type is all just controlled its generation by destroying the partial reaction mechanism that generates PCDD/Fs, can't realize comprehensive retardance; The tissue and the quantity that need to add are often more, and the adding of a large amount of retarding agents makes that on the one hand operating cost is higher, on the other hand to the side effect of CIU also clearly.Such as, problems such as the flying dust amount increase that calcium base retarding agent may cause, afterbody dust stratification, heating surface wear.And issuable sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide itself also are a kind of secondary pollutions in the reaction of sulfenyl retarding agent, need emphasis control equally.Therefore the use of retarding agent also should be noted that and other control device actings in conjunction, reduces the retarding agent consumption, reduces the side effect that it brings.
Though modern stoker fired grate incinerator is very advanced, technology is also very ripe.But adopt the stoker fired grate refuse incinerator system to burn away the refuse and still have following shortcoming:
1, incineration firing is inhomogeneous, and stoker fired grate incinerator combustion system is generally grate firing or surface combustion, and this combustion system has determined it can't reach even, the high turbulent combustion of fluidized bed incinerator.Be the easier generation imperfect combustion of this combustion system product, comprise carbon residue, predecessor, big molecular carbon or the like.
After rubbish enters burner hearth, there are long drying, preheating time, can produce more PCDD/Fs in this stage.
2, the stoker fired grate refuse incinerator system generally is not provided with the high temperature separator, though the relative fluid bed furnace of the fly ash content of its generation is few, phosphorus content is higher in the flying dust.
According to the formation mechanism of above-mentioned dioxin-like chemical, above-mentioned shortcoming all makes the stoker fired grate incinerator be easier to generate PCDD/Fs than the fluid bed type of furnace.Studies confirm that the dioxin-like chemical content that fluidized bed refuse incinerator generates is far below grate furnace.
In addition, the garbage feeding system of existing incinerator scarcely is provided with the metal sorting unit, even the metal sorting unit is arranged, also is used for the sortings of iron more, seldom is provided with the sorting unit of non-ferrous metal.Thereby, cause metals such as a large amount of copper, iron to enter burner hearth and participate in burning, and compounds such as copper, iron are the important catalyst of PCDD/Fs reaction of formation, can promote the generation of PCDD/Fs.
The garbage feeding system of existing incinerator seldom is provided with the refuse breaking device, thereby the fuel size differs greatly, and bulk rubbish can directly enter burner hearth, and easily forms local anoxic environment, easier generation imperfect combustion product during the bulk incineration firing.
All there is the problem of back-end surfaces dust stratification in the incinerator of the present various type of furnaces, and dust stratification has influenced heat transfer on the one hand, on the other hand in the dust stratification of heating surface enrichment a large amount of transition metal chlorides and carbon residue, and have bigger specific area.For the generation of incineration flue gas temperature-fall period PCDD/Fs provides reaction surface and catalyst.
At present, the bulky refuse CIU is heat recovery and utilization, makes flue gas cool-down simultaneously.Existing heating surface is arranged the control of not considering the dioxin-like chemical generation.
Do not have as yet in the existing refuse burning system by adding retarding agent and control incineration flue gas generates PCDD/Fs at temperature-fall period example.Also be applied to the patented technology of flue gas of refuse burning, it is characterized by in the gas emission device that is applied to after the boiler heat-exchanger relevant for the calcium oxide retarding agent.Practical application in this and the incinerator has certain difference, and can not cover the temperature range that PCDD/Fs generates fully.
To sum up, the system that carries out based on reducing dioxin-like chemical to generate, comprehensive optimal design are seldom arranged in the existing refuse burning system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of garbage incineration method and system that dioxin-like chemical generates that suppress, by refuse burning system is carried out comprehensive optimal design, can fundamentally stop the generation of dioxin-like chemical, effectively the containment dioxin-like chemical is to the pollution of environment, the heat energy that again can the effective recycling waste incineration produces.
In order to address the above problem, the invention discloses a kind of refuse burning system that dioxin-like chemical generates that suppresses, comprise fluidized bed refuse incinerator, waste heat boiler, also comprise first separator, external heat exchanger, retarding agent throwing device; Wherein, fluidized bed refuse incinerator, first separator and waste heat boiler are linked in sequence successively; Described external heat exchanger is connected between described first separator and the fluidized bed refuse incinerator, be used for the returning charge ash that to separate and return the burner hearth circulating combustion of described fluidized bed refuse incinerator, utilize the heat heating steam of returning charge ash simultaneously through the returning charge inclined tube; Described retarding agent throwing device is used for adding retarding agent according to different retarding agents and operating condition from system's each several part.
Preferably, described retarding agent throwing device adds retarding agent, mix with rubbish the back adding, adds from described external heat exchanger outlet adding or the back-end ductwork after first separator from burner hearth.
Preferably, described first separator is a cyclone separator, is connected with an end of described waste heat boiler by convection pass.
Preferably, described CIU also comprises: garbage feeding and pretreatment unit are connected with the garbage feeding mouth of described fluidized bed refuse incinerator.
Preferably, described garbage feeding and pretreatment unit further comprise: the refuse breaking equipment of Lian Jieing, metal screening installation and garbage feeding equipment successively.
Preferably, described metal screening installation further comprises magnetic metal magnetic plant and non-ferrous metal screening installation.
Preferably, in described waste heat boiler, be provided with flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ of a large amount of, compact heating surfaces that only needed for 3～4 seconds from 600 ℃.
Preferably, the heating surface in the described waste heat boiler is provided with the accumulatingdust device that comprises blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt and/or mechanical vibrator equipment.
Preferably, reduce to 400 ℃～200 ℃ in flue-gas temperature and locate, second separator is set.
Preferably, described second separator is for turning to air compartment.
Accordingly, the invention also discloses a kind of garbage incineration method that dioxin-like chemical generates that suppresses, comprising: before rubbish is sent into incinerator, utilize garbage feeding and pretreatment unit that rubbish is carried out fragmentation and metal separation processing; Pretreated rubbish enters in the fluidized bed refuse incinerator and burns; The high-temperature flue gas that comprises flying dust that produces behind the incineration firing is carried out gas solid separation, the ash that separates is returned circulating combustion in the burner hearth through external heat exchanger, utilize the heat heating steam of returning charge ash simultaneously; This step is finished by first separator and external heat exchanger; Through the heating surface processing of lowering the temperature, this temperature-fall period is finished by waste heat boiler with the high-temperature flue gas after separating; In above steps,, in system, add retarding agent by the retarding agent throwing device according to different retarding agents and operating condition.
Preferably, described retarding agent adds in the step, and retarding agent adds, mixes with rubbish the back from burner hearth and adds, adds from described external heat exchanger outlet adding or the back-end ductwork after described cyclone separator.
Preferably, described metal separation treatment step comprises: magnetic metal is carried out the magnetic separation separation and non-ferrous metal is carried out sorting.
Preferably, the garbage incineration method of above-mentioned inhibition dioxin-like chemical generation also comprises: separated flying dust before flue gas is reduced to 400 ℃ once more, this step is finished by second separator.
Preferably, high-temperature flue gas after described will the separation is lowered the temperature through heating surface in the step of handling, and flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ of times that only needed for 3～4 seconds from 600 ℃.
Preferably, said method also is included in the heating surface of waste heat boiler, utilizes the dust stratification of blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt and/or mechanical vibrator device clear heating surface.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
Consider that there is various defective in existing refuse burning system aspect the generation of improvement dioxin-like chemical, we have proposed garbage incineration method and system that a kind of inhibition dioxin-like chemical comprehensive, optimal design generates.By crude waste being carried out fragmentation and metal separation preliminary treatment, high-temperature flue gas is carried out gas solid separation, in the refuse burning system of optimizing, add retarding agent, reducing to 400 ℃～200 ℃ in flue-gas temperature locates, second separator is set, further sub-argument goes out the content of the imperfect combustion product in the flue gas, fly ash content, the content of heavy metal, chloride etc.Destroy the condition that PCDD/Fs generates comprehensively, thoroughly stop the generation of dioxin-like chemical, fundamentally eliminate the dioxin-like chemical pollution that waste incineration produces.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart that the present invention suppresses the refuse burning system embodiment of dioxin-like chemical generation;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of garbage feeding and pretreatment unit embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the present invention suppresses the refuse burning system preferred embodiment of dioxin-like chemical generation;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of waste incineration process of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of cooling processing procedure after the waste incineration of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that the present invention suppresses the garbage incineration method of dioxin-like chemical generation.
The specific embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, show a kind of structured flowchart that suppresses the refuse burning system embodiment of dioxin-like chemical generation of the present invention, comprise: fluidized bed refuse incinerator 11, first separator 12, external heat exchanger 13, waste heat boiler 14, retarding agent throwing device 15.
Above-mentioned fluidized bed refuse incinerator 11, first separator 12 and waste heat boiler 14 are linked in sequence successively.
Wherein, described first separator 12 is positioned at the furnace outlet place of described incinerator 11, be connected with an end of waste heat boiler 14 by flue, be used for separating the high-temperature flue gas that comprises flying dust that produces from incinerator, what undertaken by this separator is the separation of high-temperature flue gas.First separator 12 can be efficient cyclone separator.
Above-mentioned waste heat boiler 14 is used to reclaim heat energy, and adopts any other means of the prior art, the utilization of the heat that waste incineration produces that carries out and the purification of tail gas, and the present invention does not do qualification at this.Such as, high-temperature flue gas after separating can be passed through high temperature superheater, radiation heating-surface, low temperature superheater successively, equipment such as convection bank, economizer, air preheater carry out heat recovery and utilization, enter exhaust gas cleaner at last and carry out purified treatment, innoxious with the realization domestic waste, " three change " that subtract appearanceization and resource handles.Above-mentioned heating surface form, order all do not limit, and can use any type of heating surface of prior art to carry out heat recovery and utilization.
Retarding agent throwing device 15 cooperates with the system each several part according to different retarding agents and operating condition and adds retarding agent.The mode that retarding agent throwing device 15 adds retarding agent can add, add or add from cyclone separator back-end ductwork afterwards from the external heat exchanger outlet for mix the back from the burner hearth adding, with rubbish.
The embodiment of the invention is provided with the retarding agent throwing device, has blocked PCDD/Fs more up hill and dale and has generated in the flue gas cool-down process.This retarding agent throwing device does not limit used retarding agent, can select any kind, effective retarding agent for use, can add retarding agent by the mode that strength is carried, and has very big flexibility.Retarding agent adds point can be chosen in burner hearth, external heat exchanger, efficient cyclone separator or flue.Above-mentioned adding point can be selected wherein a kind of separately, also can severally adopt simultaneously.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, said system also comprises garbage feeding and pretreatment unit 10, is connected with the garbage feeding mouth of fluidized bed refuse incinerator 11.Structural representation with reference to garbage feeding shown in Fig. 2 and pretreatment unit embodiment, above-mentioned garbage feeding and pretreatment unit 10 may further include: refuse breaking equipment 101, metal screening installation 102 and garbage feeding equipment 103, above-mentioned three equipment are linked in sequence successively.
Wherein, to be used for the bulk refuse breaking with crude waste be rubbish little, uniform particle size to refuse breaking equipment 101.
Above-mentioned magnetic metal magnetic plant 112 is used for isolating magnetic metals such as the iron, steel of crude waste; Non-ferrous metal screening installation 122 is used for isolating non-ferrous metals such as the copper, aluminium of crude waste.
Compare with the foregoing description, this preferred embodiment has increased garbage feeding and pretreatment unit 10.Crude waste through refuse breaking equipment 101 wherein after, bulk refuse breaking wherein is the rubbish of uniform particle size, enter metal screening installation 102, by magnetic metals such as magnetic metal magnetic plant 112 separating ferrums, steel, afterwards, separate non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium by non-ferrous metal screening installation 122.Remove metal ingredients such as most of iron in the rubbish, copper.By garbage feeding equipment 103, even, quantitative being sent to burned in the burner hearth then.
More even through the rubbish granularity after broken and the metal separation, easier evenly distribution and burning in burner hearth, the generation of local anoxia phenomenon when having reduced the bulk incineration firing.Metal screening installation 102 is removed most metals, especially copper, iron etc. in the rubbish and PCDD/Fs is generated the metal that catalyst action is arranged.These 2 generations that all help reducing PCDD/Fs.
Generate PCDD/Fs at temperature-fall period by the low temperature heterogeneous catalytic reaction in order to reduce flue gas, the embodiment of the invention has been made optimization and innovative design to the layout of incinerator back-end surfaces and flue.
In flue-gas temperature is in 600～200 ℃ of scopes, be that PCDD/Fs passes through the temperature range that the low temperature heterogeneous catalytic reaction generates, by a large amount of, compact layout heating surface, improve the method for flue gas cool-down speed, shorten the time of staying of flue gas in this temperature range, to reduce the PCDD/Fs that produces by the low temperature heterogeneous catalytic reaction.Above-mentioned heating surface arranges that making flue gas reduce to 200 ℃ from 600 ℃ only needs 3～4s, has shortened 30～50% than the existing conventional design.
The embodiment of the invention is reduced near 400 ℃ in flue-gas temperature, also is provided with second separator, is used for isolating a certain amount of flying dust from flue gas once more, further reduces the content of materials such as flying dust in the follow-up flue, heavy metal, carbon residue, chlorine source.Above-mentioned second separator can be to turn to equipment such as air compartment or cyclone separator.
Because generate PCDD/Fs, need the existence of following key condition: a, predecessor by low temperature heterocatalysis predecessor synthetic reaction; B, has small porous particle, as the dust stratification in flying dust, heating surface or the flue than bigger serface and adsorption capacity; C, avtive spot: uncompleted burned carbon; D, catalyst: butter, especially transition metal chloride such as copper chloride, iron chloride; The temperature range of e, reaction: 250～450 ℃.
Low temperature heterocatalysis from the beginning synthetic reaction generates PCDD/Fs and is closely related with following condition: a, temperature, and from the beginning synthesizing the dioxin-like chemical minimum temperature is 200 ℃, the optimum temperature window is about 300～350 ℃ and 450 ℃; The content of carbon and form in b, the flying dust; C, metallic catalyst, cupric are acknowledged as the catalyst that the most effective promotion PCDD/Fs generates, and also have research to think that ferrous iron also has the catalytic capability identical with copper with ferric iron, and metallic catalyst is one of synthetic reaction essential condition from the beginning; From the beginning d, oxygen are playing an important role in the synthetic reaction, all need the contribution of oxygen in the production process of the gasification of carbon, chlorine; E, chlorine source are that PCDD/Fs forms requisite element, it is generally acknowledged that the chlorination ability of Cl2 is higher than HCl.
So present embodiment is provided with second separator near flue-gas temperature is reduced to 400 ℃, from flue gas, isolate a certain amount of flying dust, reduce the content of materials such as flying dust in the follow-up flue, heavy metal, carbon residue, chlorine source, further destroyed above-mentioned substance generates PCDD/Fs as from the beginning synthetic reaction and predecessor synthetic reaction reaction condition.
In addition, the convection heating surface of the embodiment of the invention in whole flue gas cool-down process is furnished with and prevents the dust stratification device, comprises blast wave soot cleaning system and mechanical vibrator system, can reach good ash-removal effect, further suppress the reaction condition of predecessor synthetic reaction generation PCDD/Fs.
The foregoing description has been described the refuse burning system of the layout of incinerator back-end surfaces and flue having been made optimization and innovative design.Based on the design that above-mentioned CIU itself has taked a large amount of minimizing PCDD/Fs to generate, the retarding agent throwing device is when this system adds retarding agent, and addition can significantly reduce.And then many side effects of having avoided its a large amount of addings to bring for CIU.
Under the protection of retarding agent, incineration flue gas in the flue of waste heat boiler by with the heating surface heat exchange, finish its temperature-fall period, temperature is left CIU after reducing to below 200 ℃, enters the system for cleaning fume of afterbody.
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, a kind of refuse burning system that suppresses the dioxin-like chemical generation of the present invention is elaborated.
With reference to Fig. 3, show the structural representation that the present invention suppresses the refuse burning system preferred embodiment of dioxin-like chemical generation.This refuse burning system comprises:
Garbage feeding and pretreatment unit 1 comprise refuse breaking equipment, metal screening installation and garbage feeding equipment.
The burner hearth 2 of incinerator, this burner hearth are provided with combustion chamber 20, garbage feeding mouth 21, water-cooling wall 22, secondary wind jet pipe 23, auxiliary fuel material inlet 24, air distribution plate 25 and returning charge inclined tube 6.
Be arranged in first separator of furnace outlet, this first separator is a cyclone separator 3, and the bottom of cyclone separator 3 connects external heat exchanger 4.This external heat exchanger can in establish high temperature superheater 5.
The other end of cyclone separator 3 is connected with waste heat boiler 8 by flue 7.
Be provided with radiation heating-surface 9, low temperature superheater 16, convection bank 17, economizer 18 in the waste heat boiler 8 in turn, turn to air compartment 19, air preheater 20.The heating surface of waste heat boiler 8 is provided with soot blower 27.
Retarding agent throwing device 26, with the each several part cooperating of refuse burning system, the mode of retarding agent throwing device 26 adding retarding agents can add, add from external heat exchanger 4 outlet addings or flue 7 after cyclone separator 3 or waste heat boiler 8 for add, mix with rubbish the back from burner hearth 2.
In other refuse burning system embodiment of the present invention, high temperature superheater 5 also can be arranged in the flue 7 that connects cyclone separator 3 and waste heat boiler 8, it is provided with the position does not limit.The low temperature superheater 16 that is arranged in the flue also can be arranged in the external heat exchanger 4.Can not arrange radiation heating-surface 9 and convection bank 17 in the waste heat boiler 8.In flue, economizer 18 and air preheater 20 can arranged crosswise.
Below in conjunction with the schematic diagram of Fig. 4, waste incineration shown in Figure 5 and cooling processing procedure, the operation principle of above-mentioned refuse burning system embodiment is described:
Crude waste enters the metal screening installation after carrying out break process through the refuse breaking equipment of garbage feeding and pretreatment unit 1, removes metal ingredients such as most of iron in the rubbish, copper.By the garbage feeding device, pretreated rubbish is sent to through garbage feeding mouth 21 burns in the burner hearth 2 evenly, quantitatively then.More even through the rubbish granularity after the break process, easier evenly distribution and burning in burner hearth, the generation of local anoxia phenomenon when having reduced the bulk incineration firing.The metal screening installation is removed most metals, especially copper, iron etc. in the rubbish and PCDD/Fs is generated the metal that catalyst action is arranged.These 2 generations that all help reducing PCDD/Fs.
There are a large amount of high temperature scorching hot and be in the bed material of fluidized state in the burner hearth 2, after rubbish enters combustion chamber 20 by garbage feeding mouth 21, above air distribution plate 25, mixes rapidly with hot blast, bed material, dry, heating also fire burns, the while blasts secondary wind in the middle and lower part of burner hearth 2 again from secondary wind jet pipe 23 and further burns.When refuse thermal value is low, mix the auxiliary fuel auxiliary combustion by auxiliary fuel material inlet 24.
The embodiment of the invention is passed through optimal design and the reasonable wind distribution to burner hearth, and the interior rubbish of whole burner hearth scope, a material all are in fluidized state, and rubbish, bed are expected, Air mixing is very thorough and even.Rubbish can abundant in burner hearth, stable, burning completely.The furnace combustion zone temperature can be stabilized in 850～900 ℃, and the time of staying of flue gas in burner hearth satisfied " 3T " burning principle that control PCDD/Fs generates fully greater than 3 seconds.Above-mentioned measure can guarantee that the PCDD/Fs that contained originally in the rubbish is decomposed by complete oxidation, and has greatly reduced at combustion zone generation PCDD/Fs.
850～900 ℃ the high-temperature flue gas that produces after rubbish burns in burner hearth 2 enters cyclone separator 3 through the furnace outlet on burner hearth 2 tops, described cyclone separator is a separative efficiency up to 99% efficient cyclone separator, can remove fly ash granules most in the flying dust.Cyclone separator 3 separates returning charge ash down and enters external heat exchanger 4 by the returning charge leg, the returning charge ash be arranged on high temperature superheater 5 in the external heat exchanger 4 and carry out heat exchange after, get back to combustion chamber 20 by returning charge inclined tube 6 again and continue the circulation burning.Because adhere to some imperfect combustion products in the furnace outlet flying dust, as carbon residue, PCDD/Fs, predecessor etc.Separation by cyclone separator 3, the solid ash that will comprise above-mentioned substance turns back to and continues to participate in burning in the combustion chamber 20, significantly reduced the content of the imperfect combustion product that enters flue, also reduce simultaneously the fly ash content of incineration flue gas, also just reduced the content of heavy metal, chloride etc. accordingly.And then, destroyed the reaction condition that the low temperature heterogeneous catalytic reaction generates PCDD/Fs: predecessor, as reaction medium, provide the flying dust of reaction surface and as the heavy metal of catalyst.
Schematic diagram with reference to cooling processing procedure shown in Figure 5, high-temperature flue gas through efficient cyclone separator 3 separation, enter flue 7, through the heating surface in the waste heat boiler 8, after for example radiation heating-surface 9, low temperature superheater 16, convection bank 17, economizer 18 and air preheater 20 etc. carry out heat recovery and utilization, leave refuse burning system, enter exhaust gas cleaner.Above-mentioned heating surface form, order all do not limit, and can use any type of heating surface of prior art.Heating surface in the waste heat boiler 8 can also be provided with the accumulatingdust device (not shown) that blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt and mechanical vibrator deashing device combine.Wherein, the blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt also can be called slag-blowing equipmemts such as shock wave, gas impulse, weak quick-fried, detonation wave, after its principle is acetylene (or fuel gas such as natural gas, coal gas) and air (or oxygen) mixes by a certain percentage, igniting blast back forms in restricted clearance shock wave, thermal current and sound wave are removed the dust stratification of heating surface.
Heating surface in the waste heat boiler 8 arranges that quantity is big and compact, and flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ by waste heat boiler 8 from 600 ℃ only needed for 3～4 times in second, had shortened 30～50% than the existing conventional design.
The mode that retarding agent throwing device 26 is carried by strength adds retarding agent, retarding agent can add from burner hearth, can mix the back with rubbish and add, can add from external heat exchanger, flue that also can be from efficient cyclone separator after or the back-end ductwork adding of waste heat boiler.The embodiment of the invention can be selected different adding modes for use at different retarding agents and operating condition, has very big flexibility.Above-mentioned adding point can be selected wherein a kind of separately, also can severally adopt simultaneously.This retarding agent throwing device 26 does not limit used retarding agent, can select any kind, effective retarding agent, for example calcium base retarding agent, sulfenyl retarding agent etc. for use.
Because the design that CIU itself has taked a large amount of minimizing PCDD/Fs to generate, the addition of retarding agent can significantly reduce, many side effects of having avoided its a large amount of addings to bring for CIU.
Under the protection of retarding agent, incineration flue gas in waste heat boiler by with the heating surface heat exchange, finish its temperature-fall period, temperature is left CIU after reducing to below 200 ℃, enters the gas cleaning treating apparatus of afterbody.
Method embodiment
With reference to Fig. 6, show the schematic diagram that the present invention suppresses the garbage incineration method of dioxin-like chemical generation, may further comprise the steps:
Step 601 before rubbish is sent into incinerator, utilizes garbage feeding and pretreatment unit that rubbish is carried out fragmentation and metal separation processing;
Wherein, the metal separation treatment step comprises: magnetic metal is carried out the magnetic separation separation and non-ferrous metal is carried out sorting.
Step 603 is carried out gas solid separation with the high-temperature flue gas that comprises flying dust that produces behind the incineration firing, and the ash that separates is returned circulating combustion in the burner hearth through external heat exchanger, utilizes the heat heating steam of returning charge ash simultaneously; This step is finished by first separator and external heat exchanger; Above-mentioned first separator can be separation devices such as efficient cyclone separator.
In above steps, according to different retarding agents and operating condition, the retarding agent throwing device all can add retarding agent in refuse burning system.For example, retarding agent can be added, mixes with rubbish the back from burner hearth adds, adds from described external heat exchanger outlet adding or the back-end ductwork after described cyclone separator.
Entering exhaust gas cleaner through the low-temperature flue gas after the above steps processing carries out discharging after the purified treatment.
Preferably, can comprise in the above-mentioned steps 604: reduced to before 400 ℃ at flue gas, separate flying dust once more by second separator.From flue gas, isolate a certain amount of flying dust, reduce the content of materials such as flying dust in the follow-up flue, heavy metal, carbon residue, chlorine source, further destroyed above-mentioned substance generates PCDD/Fs as from the beginning synthetic reaction and predecessor synthetic reaction reaction condition.Above-mentioned second separator can be to turn to air compartment.
As the bright preferable methods embodiment of we, the step except comprising that above-mentioned each method embodiment comprises can also comprise: at the heating surface of waste heat boiler, utilize the dust stratification of blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt and/or mechanical vibrator device clear heating surface.
In a word, refuse burning system and method that inhibition dioxin-like chemical provided by the invention generates have the following advantages:
The fluidized bed refuse incinerator thorax of optimal design guarantees that combustion zone temperature can be stabilized in 850～950 ℃, and gas residence time is greater than 3 seconds, and rubbish, bed materials flowization are good, and fully mixes strong turbulent flow, sufficient combustion, stable with wind and secondary wind.Rubbish is very short to the time that temperature is increased to ignition point from entering burner hearth.
The efficient cyclone separator of furnace outlet, has very high separative efficiency, flying dust more than 99% can be separated, and return burner hearth by external heat exchanger, imperfect combustion product such as carbon residue, dioxin-like chemical and predecessor thereof etc. can continue completing combustion in the flying dust in the hot environment of burner hearth, have significantly reduced the content in the flying dust that enters flue, heavy metal, predecessor, chlorine source etc.
Refuse breaking equipment has effectively reduced the rubbish granularity, makes the more all even easy metering of garbage feeding.After the rubbish after the break process enters burner hearth, be more evenly distributed, easier fully, promptly the burning.
Rubbish is gone into the sorting that metals such as iron, copper are carried out in the stokehold, has removed most metals, has reduced the amount of catalyst in the PCDD/Fs reaction of formation, and then has reduced the reaction speed of PCDD/Fs reaction of formation.
The heating surface Optimal layout design improves incineration flue gas at 600～200 ℃ rate of temperature fall, shortens the time of staying of flue gas in this temperature range.
Reduced to before 400 ℃ in flue-gas temperature, be provided with and turn to air compartment, isolate a certain amount of flying dust that contains heavy metal, carbon residue, chlorine source etc. once more, destroy the reaction condition that generates PCDD/Fs by the air compartment that turns to of appropriate design.
Arrange sufficient amount and prevent the dust stratification device effectively, guarantee that back-end surfaces does not have dust stratification, destroy dioxin-like chemical and in temperature-fall period, pass through predecessor or from the beginning synthetic necessary condition.
Retarding agent adds the setting of system, can adapt to multiple retarding agent, for the selection that adds point very big flexibility is arranged also.
Above-mentioned various optimal design is used, and has suppressed the generation of dioxin-like chemical from " root ", reduces the discharging of dioxin-like chemical in the waste incineration, realizes more effectively that domestic waste is innoxious, subtracts " three changes " processing of appearanceizations and resource.
Each embodiment in this specification all adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed all is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.For method embodiment, because its implementation process to system embodiment is similar substantially, so description is fairly simple, relevant part gets final product referring to the part explanation of system embodiment.
More than to a kind of garbage incineration method and system that dioxin-like chemical generates that suppress provided by the present invention, be described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. one kind is suppressed the refuse burning system that dioxin-like chemical generates, and comprises fluidized bed refuse incinerator, waste heat boiler, it is characterized in that, also comprises first separator, external heat exchanger, retarding agent throwing device; Wherein, fluidized bed refuse incinerator, first separator and waste heat boiler are linked in sequence successively;
Described external heat exchanger is connected between described first separator and the fluidized bed refuse incinerator, be used for the returning charge ash that to separate and return the burner hearth circulating combustion of described fluidized bed refuse incinerator, utilize the heat heating steam of returning charge ash simultaneously through the returning charge inclined tube;
Described retarding agent throwing device is used for adding retarding agent according to different retarding agents and operating condition from system's each several part.
2. 1 described system as requested is characterized in that, described retarding agent throwing device with retarding agent from burner hearth add, mix with rubbish the back add, from described external heat exchanger outlet adding or from first separator back-end ductwork afterwards, add.
3. 1 described system as requested is characterized in that described first separator is a cyclone separator, is connected with an end of described waste heat boiler by convection pass.
4. 1 described system as requested, it is characterized in that described CIU also comprises: garbage feeding and pretreatment unit are connected with the garbage feeding mouth of described fluidized bed refuse incinerator.
5. 4 described systems as requested is characterized in that described garbage feeding and pretreatment unit further comprise: the refuse breaking equipment of Lian Jieing, metal screening installation and garbage feeding equipment successively.
6. 5 described systems as requested is characterized in that described metal screening installation further comprises magnetic metal magnetic plant and non-ferrous metal screening installation.
7. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ of a large amount of, compact heating surfaces that only needed for 3～4 seconds from 600 ℃ in described waste heat boiler.
8. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the heating surface in the described waste heat boiler is provided with the accumulatingdust device that comprises blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt and/or mechanical vibrator equipment.
9. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, reduces to 400 ℃～200 ℃ in flue-gas temperature and locates, and second separator is set.
10. system according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described second separator is for turning to air compartment.
11. one kind is suppressed the garbage incineration method that dioxin-like chemical generates, and it is characterized in that, comprising:
Before rubbish is sent into incinerator, utilize garbage feeding and pretreatment unit that rubbish is carried out fragmentation and metal separation processing;
Pretreated rubbish enters in the fluidized bed refuse incinerator and burns;
The high-temperature flue gas that comprises flying dust that produces behind the incineration firing is carried out gas solid separation, the ash that separates is returned circulating combustion in the burner hearth through external heat exchanger, utilize the heat heating steam of returning charge ash simultaneously; This step is finished by first separator and external heat exchanger;
Through the heating surface processing of lowering the temperature, this temperature-fall period is finished by waste heat boiler with the high-temperature flue gas after separating;
In above steps,, in system, add retarding agent by the retarding agent throwing device according to different retarding agents and operating condition.
12. garbage incineration method according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described retarding agent adds in the step, and retarding agent adds, mixes with rubbish the back from burner hearth and adds, adds from described external heat exchanger outlet adding or the back-end ductwork after described cyclone separator.
13. garbage incineration method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described metal separation treatment step comprises: magnetic metal is carried out the magnetic separation separation and non-ferrous metal is carried out sorting.
14. garbage incineration method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Separated flying dust before flue gas is reduced to 400 ℃ once more, this step is finished by second separator.
15. garbage incineration method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, high-temperature flue gas after described will the separation is lowered the temperature through heating surface in the step of handling, and flue gas is reduced to 200 ℃ of times that only needed for 3～4 seconds from 600 ℃.
16. garbage incineration method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises:
At the heating surface of waste heat boiler, utilize the dust stratification of blast wave slag-blowing equipmemt and/or mechanical vibrator device clear heating surface.
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| CN200910217538A CN101749714A (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Waste incineration method capable of inhibiting generation of dioxins and system thereof |
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| CN101915423A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2010-12-15 | 北京中科通用能源环保有限责任公司 | Refuse burning system and method with functions of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation |
| CN102679365A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-19 | 天津大学 | Comprehensive treatment system used for converting urban refuse into energy |
| CN103591832A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-19 | 茂名重力石化机械制造有限公司 | Inclined-fin-tube heat exchanger |
| CN103712217A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-09 | 天津市润彤磬科技发展有限公司 | Urban garbage purifying utilizing system and garbage processing method |
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| CN101915423A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2010-12-15 | 北京中科通用能源环保有限责任公司 | Refuse burning system and method with functions of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation |
| CN102679365A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-19 | 天津大学 | Comprehensive treatment system used for converting urban refuse into energy |
| CN103591832A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-19 | 茂名重力石化机械制造有限公司 | Inclined-fin-tube heat exchanger |
| CN103591832B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-04-20 | 茂名重力石化机械制造有限公司 | A kind of tiltedly finned tube exchanger |
| CN103712217A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-09 | 天津市润彤磬科技发展有限公司 | Urban garbage purifying utilizing system and garbage processing method |
| CN103712217B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2017-01-18 | 天津市润彤磬科技发展有限公司 | Urban garbage purifying utilizing system and garbage processing method |
| CN104132349A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-11-05 | 成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司 | Method for large-scale cooperative disposal of aging household garbage in landfill through cement kiln |
| CN105823059A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-08-03 | 集美大学 | Fluidized bed waste incineration treatment system |
| CN108006685A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-08 | 华西能源工业股份有限公司 | A kind of waste incineration CFB boiler of multistage gas-solid separating device arranged in series |
| CN109570185B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-11-27 | 同济大学 | Waste incineration fly ash reduction dechlorination method and device based on water vapor induction |
| CN109570185A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-04-05 | 同济大学 | A kind of incineration of refuse flyash reduction dechlorination method and device based on water vapour induction |
| CN110056889A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-07-26 | 桂林航天工业学院 | A kind of refuse burning system and method preventing the synthesis of dioxin low temperature using catalysis burning |
| CN110697709A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-17 | 山东大学 | Porous carbon prepared from biomass unburned carbon and application of porous carbon in super capacitor |
| CN110697709B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-08-06 | 山东大学 | Porous carbon prepared from biomass unburned carbon and application of porous carbon in super capacitor |
| CN111207399A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-29 | 叶广丽 | Industry is useless processing apparatus admittedly |
| CN111609407A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-01 | 龙净能源发展有限公司 | Method for treating refuse incineration by using circulating fluidized bed boiler |
| CN112108513A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-22 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Thermal desorption device and method for treating contaminated soil |
| CN112108513B (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-03-08 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Thermal desorption device and method for treating contaminated soil |
| CN112747604A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-05-04 | 杭州正隆环保科技有限公司 | Flue gas treatment device |
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Application publication date: 20100623 |