CN101738331B - Tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device - Google Patents
Tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101738331B CN101738331B CN2009102440522A CN200910244052A CN101738331B CN 101738331 B CN101738331 B CN 101738331B CN 2009102440522 A CN2009102440522 A CN 2009102440522A CN 200910244052 A CN200910244052 A CN 200910244052A CN 101738331 B CN101738331 B CN 101738331B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device, which comprises a model rack, a loading system and a data acquisition system, wherein the model rack is used for providing a space for accommodating test models and providing a counter force for the loading system; the loading system comprises a plurality of load bodies and is used for synchronously controlling different load bodies to perform a test for loading at least one set of load body on the test models; and the data acquisition system is used for testing the real-time displacement and pressure stress of the test models in the process of the loading test. The tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device which is based on a 'loading-first and hole digging-second' test method can synchronously perform similar model tests of three test models with different parameters and loading conditions, adopts an air bag loading mode, solves the problems of nondurable stability of loading in the traditional tests and can regulate lateral pressure flexibly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to underground works experimental apparatus technical field, relate in particular to a kind of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device.
Background technology
The research of tunnel support structure stress characteristic and stability of surrounding rock can be adopted multiple research meanses such as mathematical analysis, on-the-spot test, numerical simulation and indoor model test.The mathematical analysis method can only provide theoretical solution for simple engineering such as physical model and parameter, boundary condition etc.Along with the development of computer hardware technique and mathematical algorithm, method for numerical simulation becomes the strong instrument of tunnel mechanics analysis and calculating.Yet numerical method is subjected to theory of mechanics, and the restriction of computing method and computer software and hardware development has to simplify during engineering model under making up intricately.Because the complicacy of Tunnel Engineering geologic condition, tunnel support structure and on every side the mechanical response rule of rock soil mass do not obtain unified understanding as yet, model test can reflect the natural rock soil mass mechanical characteristic relevant with Tunnel Engineering qualitative or quantitatively, engineering structure and country rock are considered as entity, it can reflect rock mass characteristics preferably, as the joint, bedding, geologic agents such as tomography are to the influence of rock mass engineering project stability, and needn't set up the constitutive relation of complicated rock soil mass, can directly provide the result by test, thereby under the still noncommittal situation of mechanism researchs such as this structure of rock soil mass, avoid the embarrassment of " description mechanism " and directly utilize " built-in " mechanism " consciously " of physical entity to generate process of the test and result, and verify mutually with mathematical model [Li Dan. the model investigation of traffic tunnel and numerical simulation under the high-ground stress condition. Wuhan Inst. of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences's doctorate paper, 2008].Therefore, indoor layer during similar model test has special advantages aspect scientific research and the solution Tunnel Engineering practical problems.Chinese scholars adopts the indoor model test means to study the stability of a plurality of dams, side slope and underground chamber, and has provided conclusion highly significant.
Shop experiment plays crucial effect to the development of underground engineering rock mechanical, and more and more scholars begins one's study, also developed in succession the indoor layer during similar model test stand of some underground workss both at home and abroad in recent years.Yet these test-beds mostly have the following disadvantages:
(1) is based on model test stand under the stratum deadweight state more, can not reflects actual conditions, especially the high-ground stress situation of reservoir stress;
(2) some test-beds that can load are held the lotus time can not continue, and load to hold lotus stability not enough, can not satisfy the needs of tunnel excavation, supporting overall process model test;
(3) can't consider or the lateral pressure effect of flexible stratum to the influence of test findings;
(4) be based on the test method of " punch earlier, then load " more, can not reflect that tunnel excavation causes formation displacement field, stress field this fundamemtal phenomena that heavily distributes;
(5) each test only can be at single stratum, supporting model, can not realize the contrast test etc. under a plurality of model different parameters and the loading environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device,, can overcome defective of the prior art, carry out the tunnel excavation supporting simulation plane strain test of two kinds of yardsticks, and loading is lasting, stable based on the present invention.
A kind of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device of the present invention comprises: model stand, loading system and data acquisition system (DAS); Wherein, described model stand is used to provide the space that holds test model and provides counter-force for described loading system; Described loading system comprises a plurality of carriers that add, and is used for controlling simultaneously the different described carriers that adds, and realizes described test model is carried out the load test that at least one cover adds carrier; Described data acquisition system (DAS) is used for detecting the real-time displacement and the compressive stress of described test model in described load test process.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, the preferred described air bag that carrier is a plurality of parallel connections that adds, described loading system also comprises air compressor and reduction valve; Described air compressor is used to provide air and pressure to described reduction valve, described reduction valve is connected with described air compressor, reaches predetermined pressure by regulating described reduction valve, make the air pressure of exporting to described air bag, described air bag is connected with described reduction valve, loads to realize level pressure.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, preferred described model stand comprise pedestal, the first side steel plate, the second side steel plate, the first side steel form, second side steel form and the top blind flange; Wherein, described pedestal is connected with the described first side steel plate, the second side steel plate respectively by bolt; The described first side steel form, the second side steel form are connected with the described first side steel plate, the second side steel plate respectively by bolt; Described top blind flange and the described first side steel form, the described second side steel form are fastened and connected.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, preferred described model stand also comprises steelframe, and described steelframe is connected by bolt with described pedestal, and the described first side steel plate, the second side steel plate are connected with described steelframe bolt respectively.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, the preferred described first side steel form, the second side steel form include the polylith poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, and the polylith poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of the described first side steel form connects by the organic glass web member.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device also is connected with waistband on the preferred described organic glass web member.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, preferred described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises a plurality of sensors, described sensor is positioned at model test analog material inside, comprises the force transducer that is used to detect the displacement transducer of described test model real-time displacement and is used to detect described test model compressive stress.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, preferred described data acquisition system (DAS) also comprises data collecting instrument, described data collecting instrument is connected with the output terminal of described sensor, is used to write down described real-time displacement and the compressive stress that described sensor is obtained.
Above-mentioned simulation plane strain model test device, preferred described table apparatus also comprises by interconnective wireless network measurement and control communication device of data line and computing machine, described wireless network measurement and control communication device is connected with described Acquisition Instrument, is used to realize that described computing machine checks the long-range of field test data.
In prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The first, this device can be used for the excavation and the supporting in tunnel under the simulation plane strain condition, can realize the test method of " load earlier, then punch ".
The second, can simulate under different stress conditions, different section shape, excavation method, supporting measure etc. are stressed to country rock and supporting construction, the influence of distortion, and can carry out layer during similar model test to 3 test models simultaneously.
Three, adopt the air bag load mode, overcome load in the existing test can not be lastingly, stable and can't realize the problem of side direction loading.
Four, adopt radio network technique, can remote control at any time outside the testing ground, check, download and Processing Test data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the rear view of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side view of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the simple structure block diagram of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device embodiment of the present invention.
Table apparatus comprises model stand, loading system and data acquisition system (DAS); Wherein, model stand is used to provide the space that holds test model and provides counter-force for loading system; Loading system comprises a plurality of carriers that add, and is used for controlling simultaneously the different carriers that adds, and realizes test model is carried out the load test that at least one cover adds carrier; Data acquisition system (DAS) is used in the load test process, detects the real-time displacement and the compressive stress of test model.
Below this three part is carried out one by one explanation.
Model stand
With reference to Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, be respectively in the tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device of the present invention the front view of model stand embodiment, rear view and side view.
Model stand is to be made of 2,2 side steel plates 3 of 1,2 lateral fixation steelframes of top blind flange (being also referred to as the first side steel plate and the second side steel plate), leading flank steel form 4 (being also referred to as the first side steel form), trailing flank steel form 5 (the second side steel form), 7,2 middle waistbands 8 of 6,2 poly (methyl methacrylate) plate web members of 3 poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, pedestal 9 and 2 middle diaphragm plates 10.
Front and back sides steel form (3 poly (methyl methacrylate) plates), left and right side steel plate, top blind flange and pedestal four parts have been formed the model test case jointly, and its effect provides the space that holds model and provides counter-force for air bag loads.
Pedestal 9 links to each other with 2 lateral fixation steelframes 2 by high-strength bolt, and this is in order to stablize The whole test stand; 2 side steel plates 3 link to each other with pedestal 9 and 2 lateral fixation steelframes 2 by high-strength bolt, have constituted the sidepiece of test-bed like this; 5 trailing flank steel forms 5 link to each other with 2 side steel plates 3 by high-strength bolt, have constituted the rear portion of test-bed like this; 5 leading flank steel forms 4 link to each other with 2 side steel plates 3 by high-strength bolt, have constituted the front portion of test-bed like this; Top blind flange 1 is buckled on the side steel form of front and back, and links to each other with 2 side steel plates 3 by high-strength bolt.
Here need to prove, pretend like before the material adding, 5 trailing flank steel forms 5 link to each other with 2 side steel plates 3 by high-strength bolt and finish, pretend like in the process of material along with adding, 5 leading flank steel forms 4 are installed one by one, be convenient to place Min layers like this and pretend, and it is tamped the degree that requires like material.After analog material fills up, stablize a period of time (adjust according to the material situation, generalized case is 24 hours) after, side steel form before and after unloading, treat material fully dry stable after, refill 5 trailing flank steel forms 5,3 poly (methyl methacrylate) plates 6 are loaded onto in the front side simultaneously; Then 2 poly (methyl methacrylate) plate web members 7 are linked together 3 poly (methyl methacrylate) plates 6, then 2 middle waistbands 8 are pushed down poly (methyl methacrylate) plate web member 7; Put into the loading air bag then, and cover top blind flange 1.Wherein, the effect of middle diaphragm plate 10 is that The whole test stand is divided into three parts, can carry out the test of three group models simultaneously.
Loading system
Mention in the top description, loading system comprises a plurality of carriers that add, and is used for controlling simultaneously the different carriers that adds, and realizes test model is carried out the load test that at least one cover adds carrier.
Specifically, add the air bag of a plurality of parallel connections of carrier, this moment, loading system also should comprise air compressor and reduction valve; Air compressor is used to provide air and pressure to described reduction valve, reduction valve is connected with air compressor, reaches predetermined pressure by regulating described reduction valve, make the air pressure of exporting to described air bag, described air bag is connected with described reduction valve, loads to realize level pressure.
Adopt the air bag load mode, be at current loading system commonly used such as oil pressure load, air pressure-loading, and electronic loading etc. has the problem that loading can not be lasting, stable more, and the tunnel stratigraphic model is tested, when being out of shape, can't realize upper formation following the tracks of that the problem of even loading proposes, its outstanding advantage is to load lastingly, stablize, can realize that side direction loads
And, because the mode of a plurality of air bag parallel connections of selecting for use, structure in conjunction with above-mentioned model stand is promptly used method, can simulate under different stress conditions, different section shape, excavation method, supporting measure etc. are stressed to country rock and supporting construction, the influence of distortion, and can carry out layer during similar model test to 3 test models simultaneously; Can be used for the excavation and the supporting in tunnel under the simulation plane strain condition, can realize the test method of " load earlier, then punch ".
Data acquisition system (DAS)
Data acquisition system (DAS) comprises a plurality of sensors, and described sensor is positioned at model test analog material inside, comprises the force transducer that is used to detect the displacement transducer of described test model real-time displacement and is used to detect described test model compressive stress.
Be the convenience of record data, data acquisition system (DAS) also comprises data collecting instrument, and described data collecting instrument is connected with the output terminal of described sensor, is used to write down described real-time displacement and the compressive stress that described sensor is obtained.
For the long-range of field test data checked.Described table apparatus comprises that also described wireless network measurement and control communication device is connected with described Acquisition Instrument by interconnective wireless network measurement and control communication device of data line and computing machine.
During concrete the test, the concrete operations mode is described below:
1, preliminary work before the test: preparing experiment ground test specimen, model prepare auxiliary material such as instrument, various sensing original papers, and whether each parts of check test instrument are normal.
2, operation Loading Control program: before on-test, running test software, the starting characteristics test instrument at first will be tested the power zero clearing behind the operating software, displacement zero clearing, distortion zero clearing.
3, analog material is installed: when carrying out the model test of the roomy yardstick of 3.40m, after model pedestal and side direction steelframe fixedly finished, when adding the front-back steel form, both sides are installed to load air bag and adds the model test analog material, and corresponding displacement transducer and strain gauge are installed according to testing requirements, after treating that the material interpolation finishes, remove the front-back steel form, want the maintenance analog material according to test; When carrying out the model test of 3 wide small scales of 1.00m simultaneously, after model pedestal and side direction steelframe fixedly finished, two central dividing plates are installed, equally when adding the front-back steel form, both sides are installed load air bag and also add the model test analog material, and corresponding displacement transducer and strain gauge are installed according to testing requirements, treat material add finish after, remove the front-back steel form, want the maintenance analog material according to test.
4, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate is installed: utilize poly (methyl methacrylate) plate web member 7 that three poly (methyl methacrylate) plates are linked to be integral body, and be adjacent to and be installed in the similar model material leading flank, simultaneously the rear side steel shutterings is installed to the origin-location, then three at top is loaded air bag and be in place, lift and cover the model top cover.
5, precision checking: select to want the sensor of verification during verification, open the verification interface, will begin verification after the data zero clearing, when sensor arrives verification power, the automatic typing checklist of sensor output value, and entering next checkpoint, general 5 points of verification are closed after finishing.
6, parameter input: test specimen is imported the parameters such as specification of similar test model all set, basic parameter, controlled variable, checking data, and input finishes and closes this interface, and the test figure in the process of the test is preserved automatically.
7, air bag loads: utilizing air compressor is the pressurization of test air bag, and according to testing requirements, utilizes reduction valve to regulate the interior force value of corresponding loading air bag.
8, excavation supporting test: when carrying out the model test of the roomy yardstick of 3.40m, only excavate the test material in the corresponding tunnel on the middle poly (methyl methacrylate) plate; When carrying out the model test of 3 wide small scales of 1.00m simultaneously, according to the test material in the corresponding tunnel on three piece poly (methyl methacrylate) plates of testing requirements excavation; The test of two kinds of yardsticks all performs supporting construction according to testing requirements, monitors analog material and supporting construction displacement field and change of stress field situation simultaneously in real time.
9, data processing: test figure is stored in the electrical form mode and is called, can be the coordinate graphing with analog material internal stress, strain, displacement and supporting construction internal force and distortion, any two parameters of excavation supporting in the time, to the test findings tracing analysis, adopt radio network technique, on-the-spot outer remote control at any time, check, download and handle field test data.
More than a kind of tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device provided by the present invention is described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device is characterized in that,
Described device comprises model stand, loading system and data acquisition system (DAS); Wherein, described model stand is used to provide the space that holds test model and provides counter-force for described loading system; Described loading system comprises a plurality of carriers that add, and is used for controlling simultaneously the different described carriers that adds, and realizes described test model is carried out the load test that at least one cover adds carrier; Described data acquisition system (DAS) is used for detecting the real-time displacement and the compressive stress of described test model in described load test process;
Describedly add the air bag that carrier is a plurality of parallel connections, described loading system also comprises air compressor and reduction valve; Described air compressor is used to provide air and pressure to described reduction valve, described reduction valve is connected with described air compressor, reaches predetermined pressure by regulating described reduction valve, make the air pressure of exporting to described air bag, described air bag is connected with described reduction valve, loads to realize level pressure;
Described model stand is made of top blind flange, 2 lateral fixation steelframes, 2 side steel plates, leading flank steel form, trailing flank steel form, 3 poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, 2 poly (methyl methacrylate) plate web members, 2 middle waistbands, pedestal and 2 middle diaphragm plates;
Wherein, pedestal links to each other with 2 lateral fixation steelframes by bolt; 2 side steel plates link to each other with pedestal and 2 lateral fixation steelframes by bolt; 5 trailing flank steel forms link to each other with 2 side steel plates by bolt; 5 leading flank steel forms link to each other with 2 side steel plates (3) by bolt; Top blind flange is buckled on the forward and backward side steel form, and links to each other with 2 side steel plates by bolt.
2. simulation plane strain model test device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises a plurality of sensors, described sensor is positioned at model test analog material inside, comprises the force transducer that is used to detect the displacement transducer of described test model real-time displacement and is used to detect described test model compressive stress.
3. simulation plane strain model test device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition system (DAS) also comprises data collecting instrument, described data collecting instrument is connected with the output terminal of described sensor, is used to write down described real-time displacement and the compressive stress that described sensor is obtained.
4. simulation plane strain model test device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described table apparatus also comprises by interconnective wireless network measurement and control communication device of data line and computing machine, described wireless network measurement and control communication device is connected with described Acquisition Instrument, is used to realize that described computing machine checks the long-range of field test data.
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| 张强勇 等.新型岩土地质力学模型试验系统的研制及应用.《土木工程学报》.2006,第39卷(第12期), * |
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| CN101738331A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
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