CN101737801A - 燃气轮机中的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴以及方法 - Google Patents
燃气轮机中的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴以及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及燃气轮机中的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴以及方法。一种燃气轮机中的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴包括燃烧室(22),该燃烧室(22)从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组(24)接收预混合的燃料和空气。燃烧室包括将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的衬套(26)和过渡件(28)。一级喷嘴、衬套和过渡件被一体化成单个部件。一个或多个燃料喷嘴组的轴向位置中的至少一个包括使放热集中并减小火焰长度的多个小型混合装置(30)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃气轮机的燃烧器,且更具体地说,涉及一种用于燃气轮机的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴。
背景技术
燃气轮机发动机通常包括压缩机段、燃烧器段和至少一个涡轮段。压缩机压缩空气,该空气与燃料相混合,并被引导至燃烧器中。然后点燃混合物以产生热的燃烧气体。燃烧气体被引导至涡轮中,涡轮从该燃烧气体中吸取能量,以用于为压缩机提供动力,以及用于产生有用功来为负载-例如发电机-提供动力。
通常,燃烧段与下游涡轮是不同的且分开的。具体地说,对于罐式-环形设计,这两个构件-燃烧器和涡轮-在燃烧过渡件和涡轮第一级喷嘴的交接处相遇。这个交接处需要使用密封件,以便最大限度地减小进入气道中的泄漏。这些泄漏影响燃烧器的排放能力(即NOx),因为对于相同的涡轮入口温度,大的泄漏将导致升高的燃烧温度。因而希望消除密封件,并通过将第一级喷嘴集成到过渡件设计中来减少部件数量。
过渡件长度-以及整个燃烧器长度-受到完全燃烧所需要的时间驱动(尤其在部分功率环境下)。该长度传统上太长,以至于实际上不能将过渡件与一级喷嘴组合起来(从制造方面和适应涡轮/燃烧器交接处的相对运动的观点两者来看)。因此,为了将第一级喷嘴集成到过渡件设计中,希望减小燃烧器的长度。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中,燃气轮机中的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴包括燃烧室,其从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组接收预混合的燃料和空气。该燃烧室包括将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的衬套和过渡件。一级喷嘴、衬套和过渡件被一体化成单个部件。一个或多个燃料喷嘴组的轴向位置中的至少一个包括使放热集中并减小火焰长度的多个小型混合装置。
在另一示例性实施例中,一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴包括从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组接收预混合的燃料和空气的燃烧室。该燃烧室包括将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的衬套和过渡件。一个或多个燃料喷嘴组的轴向位置中的至少一个包括使放热集中并减小火焰长度的多个小型混合装置。减小的火焰长度使得一级喷嘴、衬套和过渡件能够一体化成单个部件。
在又一示例性实施例中,一种使燃气轮机中的燃烧器和一级喷嘴一体化的方法包括如下步骤:将燃烧室布置成以便从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组接收预混合的燃料和空气,其中,该燃烧室包括将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的衬套和过渡件;为一个或多个燃料喷嘴组的轴向位置中的至少一个提供使放热集中并减小火焰长度的多个小型混合装置;以及通过减小的火焰长度而将一级喷嘴、衬套和过渡件一体化成单个部件。
附图说明
图1是传统的″长的″燃烧器的截面图;
图2是所述实施例的″紧凑型″的一体化的燃烧器的截面图;
图3是将预混合的燃料和空气传送到燃烧器中的小型混合器快速混合喷嘴的近视图;
图4和图5显示了一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴与一级涡轮叶片之间的交接处的备选实施例;和
图6是一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴的透视图。
部件列表:
10燃烧器;
12衬套;
14过渡件;
20一体化的燃烧器/S1喷嘴;
22燃烧室;
24燃料喷嘴组;
26燃烧衬套;
28过渡件;
29一级喷嘴;
30小型混合装置;
32第二级燃料喷射器;
34扼流端;
36扩展护罩;
具体实施方式
图1显示了用于燃气轮机的现有技术燃烧器,燃气轮机包括压缩机、多个燃烧器和涡轮。虽然没有特别显示,但涡轮沿着公共轴线而传动地连接在压缩机上。压缩机将进气加压,之后进气逆向流向燃烧器,此处其用于冷却燃烧器,并为燃烧过程提供空气。燃烧器10包括衬套12和过渡件14,衬套12限定了燃烧区域,过渡件14将燃烧器的出口端与涡轮的入口端连接起来,以便将热的燃烧产物传送给涡轮。注意,燃烧过渡件14和涡轮第一级喷嘴之间的交接处需要使用密封件,以便最大限度地减小进入气道的泄漏。在所述的实施例中提出将一级喷嘴集成到过渡件设计中。
图2是一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴20的截面图。该结构包括燃烧室22,其从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组24接收预混合的燃料和空气。燃烧室22包括经由一级喷嘴29将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的燃烧衬套26和过渡件28。如图2中所示,一级喷嘴29、衬套26和过渡件28被一体化成单个部件。图6是该组件的透视图。
图3是在一个或多个燃料喷嘴组24的轴向位置中的至少一个处提供的小型混合器快速混合喷嘴的近视图。小型混合装置30用于使放热集中,并减小特征火焰长度。如图所示,轴向位置包括三十一个快速混合喷嘴,但本发明并不意图局限于所示结构。同采用具有大约为衬套直径(或对于环形设计为衬套高度)1/3的长度大小的混合喷嘴的传统设计相比,混合元件30优选具有大约为衬套直径1/10至1/100的长度大小。同图1中所显示的现有技术的″长″燃烧器相比,由小型混合装置30提供的集中式放热和特征火焰长度的减小使得一级喷嘴、衬套和过渡件能够一体化成单个部件,从而形成图2中所示的″紧凑型″燃烧器。
混合元件30可如同许多现代设计那样排列在单个平面中,或多个轴向位置上。不管轴向布置如何,对于各个轴向位置,燃烧器都组织成以便具有单个燃烧器水平上的燃料控制。这种局部燃料控制水平用于最大限度地减小会降低现代设计性能的变化。在一个实施例中,第二级燃料喷射器32设置在过渡件28中。在这方面,燃料控制器包括燃料回路,其可控制地在第一级燃料喷射器和第二级燃料喷射器之间分割燃料流。以与当前主导的、装置水平上的燃料控制实践相对的方式提供单个燃烧器水平上的燃料控制。也就是说,在大多数罐式-环形燃烧器装置中,燃料将通过将所有罐连接到一个控制阀上的歧管进行控制。相反,对于罐水平上的控制,各个腔室具有其自身的控制阀。因而,燃气轮机周围的歧管管路布置或气流分布的内在不均匀性可通过调整流向各个燃烧器罐的燃料流来消除,从而使得对于所有的燃烧器罐都可获得均匀的燃料-空气比。通过局部燃料控制来驱除变化的能力消除了装配多腔室阵列可能需要的任何额外的长度。这种由小型混合装置30提供的与紧凑放热相结合的燃料控制更好地使得衬套、过渡件和一级喷嘴能够一体化成单个部件。
图4和图5显示了用于一体化的结构的备选实施例。在图4中,过渡件28包括扼流端34,其以合适的角度朝向一级涡轮叶片(S1B)引导热的燃烧气体流。在这个实施例中,过渡件的扼流端34用作一级喷嘴。在图5中,过渡件28包括围绕一级喷嘴而设置的扩展护罩36,其中扩展护罩和一级喷嘴以合适的角度朝向一级涡轮叶片S1B引导热的燃烧气体流。
本文所述的实施例通过减小燃烧器长度而使燃烧器与涡轮一体化。通过使放热集中以及减少腔室与腔室之间的变化来减小燃烧器长度。一体化的结构容许减少完成针对燃气轮机设计的加热和节流所需要的部件数量。减少的部件数量还将减少费用和停工时间。
虽然已经结合目前被认为是最实用的和优选的实施例的内容描述了本发明,但是将理解的是,本发明并不局限于所公开的实施例,相反,其意图覆盖包含在所附的权利要求的精神和范围内的各种变体和等效装置。
Claims (10)
1.一种燃气轮机中的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,包括从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组(24)接收预混合的燃料和空气的燃烧室(22),所述燃烧室包括将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的衬套(26)和过渡件(28),其中,所述一级喷嘴(29)、所述衬套(26)和所述过渡件(28)被一体化成单个部件,一个或多个燃料喷嘴组的轴向位置中的至少一个包括使放热集中并减小火焰长度的多个小型混合装置(30)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述小型混合装置(30)布置在单个平面或多个轴向位置其中一种上,并包括用于各个轴向位置的燃料控制器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,还包括能够与所述至少一个燃料喷嘴组协作的至少一个第一级燃料喷射器和设置在所述过渡件(28)中的第二级燃料喷射器(32),其中,所述燃料控制器包括可控制地在所述至少一个第一级燃料喷射器和所述第二级燃料喷射器之间分割燃料流的燃料回路。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述混合装置(30)具有衬套直径的1/10至1/100的长度大小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述混合装置(30)以阵列形式布置在单个平面中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述混合装置(30)以阵列形式布置在多个轴向位置上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述燃气轮机包括与所述单个部件相邻地设置的一级涡轮叶片,并且,其中,所述过渡件包括以合适的角度朝向所述一级涡轮叶片引导所述热的燃烧气体流的扼流端(34)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述过渡件的扼流端(34)用作所述一级喷嘴。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一体化的燃烧器和一级喷嘴,其特征在于,所述燃气轮机包括与所述单个部件相邻地设置的一级涡轮叶片,并且,其中,所述过渡件包括围绕所述一级喷嘴而设置的扩展护罩(36),所述扩展护罩和所述一级喷嘴以合适的角度朝向所述一级涡轮叶片引导所述热的燃烧气体流。
10.一种使燃气轮机中的燃烧器和一级喷嘴一体化的方法,所述方法包括:
将燃烧室(22)布置成以便从分开的轴向位置处的至少一个燃料喷嘴组(24)接收预混合的燃料和空气,其中,所述燃烧室包括将热的燃烧气体传送给涡轮的衬套(26)和过渡件(28);
为一个或多个燃料喷嘴组的轴向位置中的至少一个提供使放热集中并减小火焰长度的多个小型混合装置(30);以及
通过所述减小的火焰长度而将所述一级喷嘴、所述衬套和所述过渡件一体化成单个部件。
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102840600A (zh) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-26 | 通用电气公司 | 用于从过渡喷嘴传递热量的方法和系统 |
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CN110234845A (zh) * | 2017-01-27 | 2019-09-13 | 通用电气公司 | 一体流动路径结构 |
CN110234845B (zh) * | 2017-01-27 | 2022-01-11 | 通用电气公司 | 一体流动路径结构 |
Also Published As
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DE102009044513A1 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
US20100115953A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
CN101737801B (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
JP5544141B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
US9822649B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
JP2010117124A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
DE102009044513B4 (de) | 2021-02-04 |
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