CN1017292B - 复合部件的制作方法及用此法所制的带接触片的电接触部件 - Google Patents

复合部件的制作方法及用此法所制的带接触片的电接触部件

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CN1017292B
CN1017292B CN89101159A CN89101159A CN1017292B CN 1017292 B CN1017292 B CN 1017292B CN 89101159 A CN89101159 A CN 89101159A CN 89101159 A CN89101159 A CN 89101159A CN 1017292 B CN1017292 B CN 1017292B
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CN1036526A (zh
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乔治·费弗里埃
雅克·瓦兰
让-保罗·法弗尔-蒂索
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Schneider Electric SE
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Priority claimed from FR8809277A external-priority patent/FR2633855B1/fr
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Publication of CN1036526A publication Critical patent/CN1036526A/zh
Publication of CN1017292B publication Critical patent/CN1017292B/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B23K35/402Non-consumable electrodes; C-electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204Contact or terminal manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49206Contact or terminal manufacturing by powder metallurgy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204Contact or terminal manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49208Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts
    • Y10T29/4921Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts with bonding
    • Y10T29/49211Contact or terminal manufacturing by assembling plural parts with bonding of fused material
    • Y10T29/49213Metal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

一种由接触片构成的复合部件的制作方法。在接触部件上成型一凹坑,然后将装有粉末块的接触部件放在焊接压力机上,使电流通过受压的粉末块,由此产生的热和压力使粉末块固定成型,形成接触片。接触片的突出,是在固定操作过程中,由焊机电极上的冲头(50)顶住支承件上的接触片的反面,使支承件变形所引起的。通过本方法制作的接触部件是低压电流开关上的电触点,它包括固定设置在凹坑上的接触片及与之形状对应的焊压板。

Description

本发明涉及一种由接触片构成的复合部件的制作方法,该接触片是通过在电焊机的上下电极之间施加适当强度的压力和电流的方式固定到支承件上的,制造接触片的材料主要由金属粉末烧结而成。本发明还涉及由本方法所产生的产品,它主要由被牢固地设置在支承件上并具有具体的几何形状的接触片组成。
电触点的材料和表面的选择,特别是开关装置触点的材料和表面的选择取决于许多因素,特别取决于机械阻力和电弧电阻。所提到的这类由一个支承件和一个接触片所构成的接触部件使这些要求以够得到考虑。用银合金或铜合金制成的这类接触片一般要分别地进行加工,如进行烧结,然后固定或安装在铜支承上。如果包含有石墨,还要在脱碳之后再进行上述步骤。
美国专利No.2,022,142涉及一种接触层的制造方法,其中,将预定的粉末放入一置于支承体上的模子。由可动电极加压并使电流通过该受压粉末层而将其烧结成块。该模子或绝缘罩必须牢固地保持在支承件上,以防止粉末从模子和支承件之间通过,有时要除去 模子很不容易。
本发明的目的在于在提高所制接触部件质量的同时,简化制作工艺。
本发明的制作方法的特征在于:在支承件上要求设置接触片的位置上预先设置一个凹坑,该凹坑与设置在电阻焊要的电极上的凹腔实际上形成了一个密闭的腔室,在该腔室内放入预先压制、结块或烧结而成的粉末块,通过施加适当强度的电流并对电极加压,该粉末块因凹坑体积的减小而被紧紧地压缩,从而将该材料加热到所需的温度,完成成型和/或烧结。
因为本发明在装配过程的同时进行成型,即,用同一工具使接触片的形状确定,所以特别节省时间,改进了装配工艺。
在本发明的一个实施例中岐承件上所形成的凹坑的形状与放置在凹坑中的烧结块的形状相一致。将装有烧结块的支承件放置在焊机上进行加工,使烧结块固定在支承件上。加在烧结块上的焊机电极的形状决定了装配过程中突出在支承件上的接触片的形状。烧结后的接触片的突出可由支承件的变形引起,特别是靠将与凹坑相匹配的凸起部分推回而引塌。在装配过程中靠使用合适的电极简单地推回凸起,或甚至在接触片相反的面上将凸起推进而使支承件变形。该操作在焊机电极所放加的压力下进行,该压强对于银基材料的接触片来说最好为5-20千克/毫米2(1千克/毫米2=98.1巴)。施加压力后借助于电极施加电流,使支承件、烧结块系统变热,完成装配 操作。在该过程中,将700-900℃的温度保持1秒或几秒就足够了。
接触片的材料可以是纯金,但一般采用银基的假合金,特别是石墨银、金属氧化银、钨银或镍银等材料。对于某些特殊应用的场合,该材料也可以是铜基的,特别是钨铜或碲铜。支承件一般由铜或铜合金制成,但本发明也可以应用到其它材料上。本方法容易自动地进行操作,并且某些操作可以同时进行,特别是冲压支承件和形成凹坑的操作。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,凹坑中装满有被预压过的和/或结块了的粉末,用焊机同时在支承板上进行粉末烧结和固定操作。
按照本发明的另一个实施例,用本方法制作的接触部件为具有低压电流开关装置的电触点。
本发明其它的优点和特性从以下结合附图对本发明实施例的说明中更清楚地表现出来,不过,本发明并不局限于所给出的实施例。
图1为本发明触点支承件的立体示意图;
图2为说明图1中的支承件形成接受烧结块的凹坑的冲压形状示意图;
图3和图4示出了烧结块插入到凹坑中的状况;
图5为支承件的装配和加工机的立体示意图;
图6为支承件和烧结块在装配过程中的放大示意图;
图7为最终完成操作状态的接触部件的立体示意图;
图8为图7中接触部件沿长度方向的横截面图。
附图中的接触部件10(如低压电流开关装置中的触点)是由铜板或任何其它导电材料切制而成的,其具有预定的形状,如矩形。在图示的实施例中,铜板的厚度接近2毫米,宽度接近12毫米。但很明显,本发明也适用于包括该触点在内的,具有开关装置特征的不同尺寸的接触点。将接触部件10插入能使接触部件10产生变形的压力机的冲杆12和冲模14之间,在要固定接触片的地方,特别是在该接触部件的上表面16处产生凹坑18,在反面20形成凸起22。在所示的实施例中,冲杆12上具有一个与凹坑18的形状相匹配的冲头24,该冲头24冲击该部件材料,在其反面形成凸起22。该冲头24可以采用圆柱形,冲模14在其中心26处做成空心形,以便能形成凸起22。很明显,在切制或冲压接触部件10时,可以在同一机器上进行接触部件10的预成型。
因此,本发明的接触部件可用于低压电流开关装置,包括牢固地设置在凸坑18上的具有接触片16的接触部部件10。被焊机42的上电极限定的接触片46具有一般的几何形状。接触片46的化学成份与前述和后述的烧结块28类似。
接下来的操作如图3和图4所示,将烧结块28插入到凹坑18中。烧结块28可采用粉末(如石墨银(graphite    silver)、镍银、钨银或金属氧化银等)用一般的方式在另一机器上烧结而成。烧结块28可以具有接触片最终的形状或接近该形状,或换句话说,要在装配中 承受变形。烧结块28可以进行脱碳敢可以不进行脱碳。在所示的实施例中,凹坑18完全被烧结块所填充,该烧结块形成突出部分。但该烧结块也可以与接触部件10的上表面平齐,甚至在凹坑18不能完全被烧结块所填充时,烧结块也可以略微地低于凹坑18。然后,将装有烧结块28的接触部件10放在所示的具有两个电极(上电极42和下电极44)的焊机上。该焊机的类型相当普通,能够在被加工的部件上施加压力,同时施加电流来加热该部件。上电极42有一个与由烧结块28成形而得到的接触片46所需的形状相匹配的凹腔45,而下电极44具有一个略微伸出的突起冲头50,它能够将凸起22推回。图5示出了装配后的接触部件10,从图5中可以看出,冲头50不仅能推回凸起22,而且形成的凹槽52有利于烧结块28及其突出部分的压缩,以形成接触部件10上的接触片46。
在本发明的应用实例中,仅举一个具体实例来说明。电极42、44采用钨制成,压力值取5-20千克/毫米之间,这取决于接触部件10的特性。电流强度必须要使得温度达到700~900℃的范围,对于如上所述的厚度为2毫米的接触部件来说,该电流强度约为18千安培,加电流的时间(即操作时间)大约为1秒钏,所有这些都是极快的。当嵌入凹坑18中的烧结块的量足以产生一个突出部分时,将凸起22推回并不是必不可少的,在这种情况下电极44可备有冲头50。然而,当凹坑完全或仅仅部分被烧结块填充时,推回动作是必不可少的。在接触部件或支承件10上用机械和电的方式安装的接触 片的质量是极好的。现给出一个实例来说明;接触片46突出大约1毫米,则烧结块泞入到支承件10几乎相同的高度。支承件10的宽度为n毫米,如7毫米,其它的值自然地被导出。按照本发明的最佳方法是将凸起22推回,以保证加压和接触片足够的突出量,但本发明并不局限于这一具体的工艺。
冲床和焊机对于本专业的技术人员来说是公知的标准机器,所以各种操作并不需要特别的注意。接触部件10可以是低压开关装置(特别是断路器)的固定点或移动触点。但该方法也可以应用于任何其它类型的电触点,特别是应用到接触器或开关中。
在本发明的又一个实施例中,插入凹坑18中的物块28为可被预压制或被结块成的粉末块,该物块28也可以就地把粉末放入凹坑18并预压来构成。然后用所述的方法将装有物块28的接触部件10放到焊机上,粉末的烧结过程和固定过程是相伴而进行的,上述所有的特征自然可以应用到这一过程中。
按照本发明的另一个实施例,粉末块可用装在上电极42中和柱塞压制而成,以便在加热时进行烧结和/或固定。

Claims (9)

1、一种由接触片构成的复合接触部件的制作方法,该接触片主要由金属粉末烧结得到的材料构成,并通过在电焊机的上下电极(42、44)之间施加适当强度的压力和电流的方式固定到支承件(10)上,其特征在于:在支承件(10)上所需设置接触片(46)的位置上预先设置一凹坑(18),该凹坑(18)与设置在电焊机的电极(42)上的凹腔(45)实际上形成一个密闭腔室,在该腔室内放入预先压制或烧结而成的粉末块,通过施加适当强度的电流并对电极加压,凹坑(18)的体积减小,粉末被紧紧压缩,以便将该粉末块材料加热到所要求的温度,完成成型和/或烧结。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在焊机电极所加压力的作用下,所述凹坑(18)的体积靠支承件(10)的变形而减少。
3、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在支承件(10)上所设置的凹坑(18)的反面上预制一个凸起(22),该凸起(22)可以在加热和加压过程中被压回。
4、按照权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:加到支承件(10)上的电极(44)的表面上具有一突出的冲头(50),用以将凸起(22)推回到支承件中,并在支承件上形成一个小凹槽(52)。
5、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:接触片材料为银基合金。
6、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:接触片材料为铜基合金。
7、按照权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的接触片材料为在固定到所述支承件之前还没有脱碳的石墨银合金。
8、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所施加的压力为5-20千克/平方毫米,温度为700-900℃。
9、按照权利要求1所述的方法制作的电接触部件,其特征在于:该接触部件是低压电流开关装置上的电触点。
CN89101159A 1988-02-25 1989-02-25 复合部件的制作方法及用此法所制的带接触片的电接触部件 Expired CN1017292B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8802443A FR2627894A1 (fr) 1988-02-25 1988-02-25 Contact electrique a pastille de contact frittee et son procede de fabrication
FR8802443 1988-02-25
FI8809277 1988-07-06
FR8809277A FR2633855B1 (fr) 1988-07-06 1988-07-06 Procede de fabrication d'une piece composite et contact electrique a pastille de contact fabrique selon ce procede
FR8809277 1988-07-06

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CN1036526A CN1036526A (zh) 1989-10-25
CN1017292B true CN1017292B (zh) 1992-07-01

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EP (1) EP0333600B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2648360B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR0153449B1 (zh)
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CA (1) CA1335410C (zh)
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KR890013685A (ko) 1989-09-25
EP0333600A1 (fr) 1989-09-20
US4910868A (en) 1990-03-27
DE68906445D1 (de) 1993-06-17
CA1335410C (en) 1995-05-02
CN1036526A (zh) 1989-10-25
JPH0210615A (ja) 1990-01-16
JP2648360B2 (ja) 1997-08-27
DE68906445T2 (de) 1993-11-25
EP0333600B1 (fr) 1993-05-12
KR0153449B1 (ko) 1998-11-16

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