CN101712328B - Matched fiber grating based axle-counting device of high-speed railway - Google Patents
Matched fiber grating based axle-counting device of high-speed railway Download PDFInfo
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- CN101712328B CN101712328B CN2009102528317A CN200910252831A CN101712328B CN 101712328 B CN101712328 B CN 101712328B CN 2009102528317 A CN2009102528317 A CN 2009102528317A CN 200910252831 A CN200910252831 A CN 200910252831A CN 101712328 B CN101712328 B CN 101712328B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a matched fiber grating based axle-counting device of a high-speed railway, which is used for counting axles of a passing train and comprises a sensor part and a control analysis part, wherein the sensor part comprises a laser source (101), an optical circulator (102), optical isolation units (104 and 106), photoelectric receiving modules (105 and 108) and a reflectance spectrum matched fiber grating pair, wherein the spectrum matched fiber grating pair comprises a sensing grating (103) attached to the high-speed railway and a reference grating (107) arranged near the sensing grating (103). The matched fiber grating based axle-counting device of the high-speed railway has high reliability and sensitivity and low manufacturing cost and is especially suitable for guaranteeing the driving safety of the high-speed railway.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize matched fiber grating to realize technology heavy to rail temperature strain and the train number of axle, axle, the running velocity monitoring in the railway signal field.
Background technology
Optical fiber grating (or claiming Fiber Bragg Grating, Fiber Bragg Grating-FBG) is a big focus of present sensory field of optic fibre research and application.Advantages such as fiber-optic grating sensor has anti-electromagnetic interference, and precision is high, and useful service life is long, and the Wavelength-encoding multiplexing capacity is strong obtain to use widely at sensory field in recent years.
Based on the groundwork of fiber-optic grating sensor, when broadband light was transmitted in Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, a part of light was reflected, and another part light transmission can be known the central wavelength lambda of reflectance spectra by mode coupling theory
BBe grating periods lambda and grating fibre core effective refractive index n
EffFunction.When temperature change, thermal expansion effects and thermo-optic effect cause grating periods lambda and fibre core effective refractive index n respectively
EffVariation; When the suffered axial strain of grating changed, strain and elasto-optical effect caused grating periods lambda and fibre core effective refractive index n respectively
EffThe variation that changes.Through monitoring, just can obtain the information of grating local ambient temperature of living in and the suffered axial strain of grating to optical fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength.Just can develop the very high sensor of precision based on this principle.
After rail receives train wheel pressure in track traffic,, below rail, produce tensile stress, produce compression effort up, on the cross section, produce friction stress because two ends are supported by sleeper or deck.Rail is equivalent to single supported beam, and its model is as shown in Figure 2.Rail local strain and train axle are heavy, the relating to parameters such as Young's modulus of rail.Traditional railway axle-counting device makes power demand sensor obtain information such as the number of axle.Electric transducer is subject to the influence of on-the-spot harsh environment and is perplexing safety of railway transportation always.Use the optical fiber grating through encapsulation to replace electric transducer to have the reliability height, useful service life is long, the advantage of high electrical-magnetic compatibility.
For the sensing device that uses optical fiber grating, the technology of core is demodulation techniques at present, has also occupied the exhausted big component of whole installation cost simultaneously.Using the length scanning demodulation method is the main flow demodulation techniques of present fiber-optic grating sensor.But the cost of length scanning method is higher, has restricted the large-scale promotion application of fiber grating sensing system, and receives the restriction of mechanical part performance based on its scanning speed of demodulating system of length scanning.At present the optical fiber grating axle-counting device based on length scanning has been arranged, but its complex structure, cost is higher, and scanning speed is also lower, can't satisfy the demand of high speed railway.
From generally, the axle-counting device of Fibre Optical Sensor type can overcome the shortcoming of traditional electrical sensing gauge axial organ, ensures train traffic safety.But the complexity of demodulating equipment and expensive price have restricted it greatly in Application in Rail.
Summary of the invention
Seeing that shortcomings such as the expensive cost of prior art and labyrinth the objective of the invention is to design a kind of low cost and practical optical fiber grating sensing type axle-counting device of high-speed railway.The objective of the invention is to realize through following means:
Axle-counting device of high-speed railway based on matched fiber grating; Be used for counting axle to crossing train; Institute forms by transducing part and control analysis part, and wherein transducing part comprises: LASER Light Source 101, optical circulator 102, optical isolator element 104 and 106, photoelectricity receiver module 105 and 108, to reach a reflectance spectra matched fiber grating right; Said reflectance spectra matched fiber grating is formed with reference to grating 107 being fitted in the sensing grating 103 on the rail and being arranged near one the said sensing grating by one; The laser of light source output gets into the sensing grating 103 of matched fiber grating centering through optical circulator 102, and the light of reflected back is gone into reference to grating 107 through optical isolator element 104 entering photoelectricity receiver modules 105 realization opto-electronic conversion and through 106 respectively; Get into photoelectricity receiving element 108 by the light that reflects with reference to grating 107 through optical isolator element 106 and carry out opto-electronic conversion; It is heavy with axle in the rail generation strain and the cooresponding train number of axle that electric signal mode control of access analytic unit after two photoelectricity receiving elements are changed is extrapolated train through normalized parameter.
Description of drawings is following:
Fig. 1 is the optical fiber grating sensing equipment exemplary device scheme drawing of existing marketization.
Fig. 2 adopts the coupling grating sensing schematic diagram of device of optical circulator for the present invention.
Fig. 3 arranges scheme drawing for the present invention is on-the-spot.
Fig. 4 is a fiber optics principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 5 further combines to measure rail temperature strain on a large scale for the present invention or to the structural representation of interval interior Train Location with radio sensing network.
Fig. 6 measures rail temperature strain on a large scale for the unit that connects some the present invention with optical fiber link and constitute or to the structural representation of Train Location in interval.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further description.
Fig. 2 is a typical schematic diagram of the present invention, launches continuous laser beam by the light source 101 of SLED or FP laser constitution.The spectrum width of general SLED laser is at 30～80nm, and the spectrum width of FP laser is at 2～4nm, and the reflectance spectra bandwidth of optical fiber grating is generally 0.2～0.5nm, can think that the spectrum width of light source is much larger than the optical fiber grating reflectance spectra.Through selecting the proper optical fiber grating can make grating reflection spectrum main lobe drop in the light source light spectrum all the time; The laser of output gets into first grating 103 of matched fiber grating centering through optical circulator 102, and the light of reflected back gets into photoelectricity receiver module 105 respectively through optical isolator element 104,106 again and realizes opto-electronic conversion and second grating 107.The light of being returned by second optical grating reflection carries out opto-electronic conversion through optical isolator element 106 entering photoelectricity receiving elements 108.Optical isolator element can be optoisolator or optical circulator.Fig. 3 is an exemplary device figure of enforcement of the present invention, and the wide range continuous light that is sent by light source 201 gets into matched fiber grating to 203,204 through optical Fiber Closure 202, and reflected light gets into photoelectricity and accepts module 205.Electric signal after the conversion amplifies, becomes digital signal by A/D modular converter 207 after the filtering and give lower computer 208 again through signal condition module 206, and the signal of two photoelectric conversion units outputs is carried out the normalization method computing.Carried out repacking survey and demonstration through passing to upper computer 209 at last.
Because two grating next-door neighbours are laid in the same local space, can think that temperature is identical to the foveal reflex spectrum drift that two gratings cause.The centre wavelength of making the time spent reflectance spectra that only receives the rail axial stress when sensing grating can move thereupon, causes sensing grating to separate with reflectance spectra with reference to grating.When overlapping with the reflectance spectra of sensing grating with reference to grating, the light intensity that from second grating, reflects is the strongest, the peak value (108 detected peak values in the corresponding diagram 2 are answered vanishing place among Fig. 4) of reflected optical power will occur; Along with the separation of two optical grating reflections spectrum, the light intensity that from second grating, reflects decay gradually (108 detected light intensity in the corresponding diagram 2, curve shown in Fig. 4).In order to eliminate the influence of light source drift,, be approximated to linearity with the suffered axial strain of sensing grating with 108 detecting to such an extent that light intensity and 105 detects to such an extent that light intensity is done the resulting ratio of normalization method among Fig. 2.Be easy to calculate the side-play amount of two grating foveal reflex wavelength through look-up table or interpolation arithmetic, thereby converse the stress that train wheel produces on rail.When train crosses the rail of laying the sensor fibre grating, can produce maxim in the rail bottom is the tensile stress of 200～300 micro-strains (concrete numerical value is heavy relevant with rail material behavior and train axle); And the time cycle that this tensile stress changes is determined by train running speed, and the number of axle, the axle that can obtain through train through the stress information on the rail are heavy.Because the train wheelbase is known, can estimate train speed by two axletree passage periods.
Further, it is along the line that we can be laid in railway section with a determining deviation with several grating pair cascades, like Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.The foveal reflex wavelength of these coupling grating pairs can be identical, also can be different.Through to the monitoring of these coupling grating pair reflective light intensities running condition of train in the Monitoring Line interval in real time, confirm the traveling-position of train.
Sensing grating is fixed on the rail with welding or bonding method.In this experiment, adopt the transducing part-fiber grating strain sheet of Metal Packaging, use seccotine firmly to stick on rail bottom ad-hoc location it.Designed corresponding data acquisition circuit and software, data acquisition circuit can to accept unit output electrical signal conversion be digital signal passes to host computer procedure through serial ports and analyze and show with photoelectricity.What we adopted is 8 common A/D conversion chips, and if adopt high-grade A/D conversion chip, will improve survey precision of the present invention and sampling rate, but this is not an innovative point covering scope of the present invention.
Consider practical application, we have designed three kinds of different application examples.1) monitoring rail temperature strain; 2) free time of monitoring track section or section with a switch or switches with take situation; 3) monitoring integrity of train; 4) the monitoring train has overloading free, unbalance loading; 5) monitoring train running speed; 6) to the location of train on the railway line.
With intra-class correlation, characteristics such as simple in structure, reliable and stable, moistureproof and anti-electromagnetic interference that the present invention has.Compare with the grating type optical fiber axle-counting device based on length scanning, cost estimation has only the former about 1/10th, also fast many of scanning rate.More be worth pointing out and since the present invention institute based on monotechnics all be very ripe (like wide range laser, optical fiber grating, high speed optoelectronic detection etc.), whole invention practicability is used and popularization does not have problems.The present invention can carry out multi-form rail state-detection in principle, and to high speed railway traffic safety demand, we underline typical application of the present invention:
(1) monitoring rail temperature strain (Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
(2) free time of monitoring track section or section with a switch or switches with take situation: because the needs of train dispatching, the train that railway section is gone need carry out locking to be followed the tracks of, and confirms to have or not train driving in the interval, to avoid train and comes up with or bump against; Track switch goes out AT STATION, needs perception to have or not train to cross and speed, in case the automatic work of track switch mechanism (Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
(3) monitoring integrity of train: at train travelling process because the generation that a variety of causes possibly cause railway car to disconnect, through train fixedly the number of axle and the contrast of surveying the number of axle can monitor the integraty of train, in time dispose (Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
(4) the monitoring train has overloading free, unbalance loading: the maximum strain that the train axle produces at rail specified point place when weighing and crossing is linear; Can obtain to cross the axle weight of train through monitoring to the rail strain; And then know train load by inference; Thereby detect train have overloading free, unbalance loading phenomenon (Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
(5) monitoring train running speed: track switch and turning highway section need be monitored train running speed in real time AT STATION; When surpassing qualification speed with convenient train running speed to the train processing of slowing down; The present invention can and cross an axle time gap through the train wheelbase and estimate train running speed (Fig. 3; Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
Location to train on the railway line: in order to improve the efficient of railway dispatching system, need follow the tracks of train between the railway degating region, the present invention can obtain interval in information such as train position and speed, realize to train the location (Fig. 5, Fig. 6).This also is the gordian technique that ensures the high speed railway traffic safety at present.
Claims (6)
1. based on the right axle-counting device of high-speed railway of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating; Be used for counting axle to crossing train; Be made up of transducing part and control analysis unit, wherein transducing part comprises: LASER Light Source (101), optical circulator (102), first optical isolator element (104) and second optical isolator element (106), the first photoelectricity receiver module (105) and the second photoelectricity receiver module (108), and a reflectance spectra matched fiber grating right; Said reflectance spectra matched fiber grating is formed with reference to grating (107) being fitted in the sensing grating (103) on the rail and being arranged near one the said sensing grating by one; The laser of LASER Light Source output gets into the sensing grating (103) of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating centering through optical circulator (102), and the light of reflected back is gone into reference to grating (107) through first optical isolator element (104) entering, the first photoelectricity receiver module (105) realization opto-electronic conversion and through second optical isolator element (106) respectively; Get into the second photoelectricity receiver module (108) by the light that reflects with reference to grating (107) through second optical isolator element (106) and carry out opto-electronic conversion; Electric signal control of access analytic unit after two photoelectricity receiver modules are changed is extrapolated stress and the cooresponding train number of axle and axle weight that train wheel produces through normalized parameter on rail.
According to claim 1 said based on the right axle-counting device of high-speed railway of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating, it is characterized in that, sensing grating and with reference to the reflectance spectra main lobe of grating within LASER Light Source (101) spectrum.
According to claim 1 said based on the right axle-counting device of high-speed railway of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating, it is characterized in that said first optical isolator element and second optical isolator element are optoisolator or optical circulator.
According to claim 1 said based on the right axle-counting device of high-speed railway of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating, it is characterized in that, said sensing grating with the welding or bonding method be fixed on the rail.
According to claim 1 said based on the right axle-counting device of high-speed railway of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating, it is characterized in that a plurality of said axle-counting devices are arranged on the railway line continuously.
6. the said application based on the right axle-counting device of high-speed railway of reflectance spectra matched fiber grating of claim 1 is characterized in that, is applied to following at least a purposes: 1) monitoring rail temperature strain; 2) free time of monitoring track section or section with a switch or switches with take situation; 3) monitoring integrity of train; 4) the monitoring train has overloading free, unbalance loading; 5) monitoring train running speed; 6) to the location of train on the railway line.
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| CN2009102528317A CN101712328B (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Matched fiber grating based axle-counting device of high-speed railway |
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| CN2009102528317A CN101712328B (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Matched fiber grating based axle-counting device of high-speed railway |
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| CN101712328B true CN101712328B (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101863278A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2010-10-20 | 西南交通大学 | High-speed railway axle-counting device based on optical grating reflection spectrum widening |
| CN102175268A (en) * | 2011-01-29 | 2011-09-07 | 西南交通大学 | Quasi-distributed sensor network based on time division multiplex and matched optical fiber grating technology |
| CN104309644A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-28 | 深圳市科安达轨道交通技术有限公司 | Optical fiber grating sensor-based axle counter |
| CN106394609B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-08-03 | 北京康拓红外技术股份有限公司 | A kind of lorry counting shaft with axle counter and bottom Critical component positioning device and localization method |
| CN106494454B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-29 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Railway axis-counting device, method, system and signal handling equipment |
| DE102017216811A1 (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | Thales Management & Services Deutschland Gmbh | Method for mounting a rail monitoring element |
| CN107917675A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-17 | 北京信息科技大学 | A kind of strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area |
| CN108909775B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-10-01 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of railway monitoring device based on weak optical fiber Bragg grating |
| CN110065527A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-30 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of railway signal occlusion auxiliary system based on fiber grating |
| CN110450824A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-15 | 深圳市科安达轨道交通技术有限公司 | A kind of railway signal monitoring system based on multi-channel optical fibre communication |
| CN110435713A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-12 | 深圳市科安达轨道交通技术有限公司 | A kind of axle counting system based on fiber grating |
| CN110758475B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-11-16 | 武汉理工大学 | High-speed magnetic suspension train positioning and speed measuring system and method based on array fiber bragg grating sensing measurement |
| CN111751570B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2023-10-27 | 武汉理工大学 | Array fiber bragg grating sensing system and method for speed measurement and positioning of magnetic levitation train |
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