CN205785255U - A kind of railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network - Google Patents
A kind of railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network Download PDFInfo
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- CN205785255U CN205785255U CN201620417654.9U CN201620417654U CN205785255U CN 205785255 U CN205785255 U CN 205785255U CN 201620417654 U CN201620417654 U CN 201620417654U CN 205785255 U CN205785255 U CN 205785255U
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Abstract
This example is novel discloses a kind of railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network, its structure has, and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 2 connects into grating string by single-mode fiber 3, and multiple grating tandems connection forms Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 4, stick on track 1, photoswitch 9 control；Drive power supply 5 to drive wideband light source 6, by optoisolator 7 and photo-coupler 8, be connected with light switch 9；Photo-coupler 8 is connected with erbium-doped fiber amplifier 10 by reflex circuit, signal exports array waveguide grating wave filter 11, processes through photodetector 12, analog-digital converter 13 and digital signal processing unit 14, it is sent to monitor computer 15, finally to central monitoring station 16.This utility model uses fiber grating as senser element, constitute quasi-distributed sensor network, interior on a large scale multiple spot can be measured simultaneously, there is the advantages such as anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, loss is low, good stability, it is possible to monitoring track dependent variable the most easily.
Description
Described technical field
This utility model relates to track traffic monitoring field, is specifically related to a kind of based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network
Railway monitoring system.
Background technology
Chinese Railway construction at present is just welcoming unprecedented development peak, construction of railways construction and daily operation maintenance
Work also proposes requirements at the higher level to railway scientific worker: in railway operation, how strain to rail measures and prevents temperature
Degree change causes gapless track derailment coefficients to increase；How subgrade defect, the stability of protection side slope of Along Railway is carried out
Monitoring in real time etc..These are all key issues urgently to be resolved hurrily in existing line construction retrofit and high-speed railway are runed.
In the case of wagon flow load is huge, if rail system can be monitored in real time, send before disaster occurs
Early warning information, can promote the safety and reliability of whole Rail Transit System.But rail system is dividing of a wire
Cloth, for domestic, railway total length reaches 100,000 kilometers, and traditional monitoring means is many for the system in point-like or finite region
Design, and in system, conventional electromagnetic sensor also can be produced dry by the produced Electromagnetic Interference such as power line, transformer station
Disturb.If therefore to build a set of sensor-based system being applicable to needed for domestic track traffic, except consider to track itself by temperature,
The produced deformation of speed, load-carrying effect and track do along the Relative Displacement such as line structure, basis (bridge, road base, tunnel etc.)
Outside long-distance distributed monitoring, the quality of monitoring information and stability also must be within limits of consideration.
Track traffic monitoring system based on quasi-distributed fiber grating sensing is mainly used in monitoring Rail Surface strain, its
In be fiber grating for sensing, be a kind of emerging senser element, there is electromagnetism interference, precision is high, scope of measuring is big,
The little advantage with Acceptable life length of loss.For the area of rainy few people foggy in track traffic, plant maintenance is stranded
Difficulty, and there are rapid wear and the special circumstances easily stolen in external device, is more suitable for using advanced fiber grating sensing technology tracking
Pipeline transportation system carries out long-term monitoring in real time, has wire distribution for track traffic, distance is remote, measure the features that point is many, adopts
With Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, there is advantage unrivaled with other sensing technologies, can detect up to tens kilometers
The temperature of optical fiber diverse location and the change of the physical quantity such as strain.
This utility model railway monitoring based on Fibre Optical Sensor system, in place of the most still having some shortcomings, as
Sensor encapsulation is weak fragile, and Wavelength demodulation equipment demodulation rate is relatively low.It is thus desirable to tie with reference to advanced foreign technology scheme
Close the actual demand in domestic project application, make fiber-optic grating sensor meet railway monitoring faster speed, higher precision and more
The requirement of distance.
Utility model content
This utility model technical issues that need to address are that the defect overcoming prior art, it is provided that one is divided based on standard
The railway monitoring system of cloth optical fiber sensing network, uses fiber grating as senser element, uses distributing optical fiber sensing skill
Art, has advantage unrivaled with other sensor-based systems, and such as electromagnetism interference, precision is high, and scope is big, loss is little in measurement
Advantage with Acceptable life length, it is possible to efficiently, easily to rail system be monitored, has splendid monitoring effect.
For solving the problems referred to above, this utility model adopts the following technical scheme that
Railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network includes Fibre Optical Sensor module, light source module, light
Multiplexing module, wavelength demodulation module, digital sampling and processing and Surveillance center；Wherein Fibre Optical Sensor module be by for
The Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array composition of multimetering, native system is set to multifiber raster chart, according to light source light spectrum model
Enclose often with fiber grating is set to four grid regions, respectively FBG1, FBG2, FBG3 and FBG4, spaced can according to point
Depending on cloth detection requirement, then use gluing fixed method that sensing network is packaged, be fixed on rail system
Side, and then form a sensor network, it is achieved the requirement of measurement quasi-distributed to track；Light source module uses wide spectrum light source
As the light source of monitoring system, driven by driving power supply；Wide spectrum optical enters light Multiplexing module, the light of system by optoisolator
The light switch that Multiplexing module uses bonder to combine with wavelength-division multiplex and space division multiplexing technology is connected；The dependent variable of track
It is changed to light transducing signal by sensor fibre dress, and is reflected back wavelength demodulation module by Multiplexing module, for guaranteeing transducing signal
The high accuracy of demodulation, the wavelength demodulation of this monitoring system, is to use erbium-doped fiber amplifier, based on edge filter demodulation demodulation techniques
Multichannel array waveguide optical grating and photodetector complete；By Wavelength demodulation module, transducing signal is demodulated into simulation
Measured signal, further by analog-digital converter and data processing unit, calculates raster center reflection wavelength variable quantity, and shows
Show that, on monitoring computer, monitoring computer is connected with remote central monitoring station, it is achieved the real-time distributed monitoring to track.
Railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network, for realizing the distributed and real-time prison to track
Surveying, wide spectrum light source, under the driving driving power supply, uses length scanning type Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, wide spectrum light source is injected
In optical fiber, using Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) as sensor, carry out parameter measurement by the change of detection output spectrum；This
Wide spectrum light source is connected on optoisolator by system, utilizes and drives power drives wide spectrum light source to launch wide spectrum optical to bonder；This
System Optical Fiber Sensing Array utilizes single-mode fiber to cascade, and is then attached on light switch, and photoswitch passes through bonder again
It is connected with Wavelength demodulation system, the optical multiplexing system that formation wavelength-division multiplex and space division multiplexing combine；Native system transducing signal leads to
Overcoupling device reflexes in erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected with array waveguide grating wave filter, then with
Photodetector connects, and forms Wavelength demodulation system；Native system photodetector is connected with digital sampling and processing, specifically
For, photodetector is followed by an analog-digital converter, then by digital signal processing unit, analog-digital converter is connected to prison
On control computer, then by radio communication, transfer data to central monitoring station and carry out unifying monitoring analysis.
System of the present utility model design structure such as Fig. 1.
Preferably, native system sensing network uses optical fibre optical grating sensing array, and it is carried out adhesive type protection packaging, enters
Row sensing, can not only realize multiple spot distributed measurement, but also have precision height, the advantage of good stability.
Preferably, Wavelength demodulation system is to use array waveguide grating wave filter, and transducing signal is carried out almost linear filtering,
The light that wideband light source sends enters optical fibre optical grating sensing array through fiber coupler, and the transducing signal reflected again passes by
Fiber coupler enters array waveguide grating, and the transducing signal of different wave length is by array waveguide grating wavelength-division, simultaneously at each letter
By linear filtering on road, the signal leached directly is detected by photodetector, and this demodulating system is based on light-intensity test, suitable
For dynamic, static measurement, there is preferable linear convergent rate.
Preferably, light Multiplexing module, the technology using wavelength-division multiplex and space division multiplexing to combine, utilize photoswitch by three
Or multiple grating string carries out parallel join, and the sensing selecting different channel reception to reflect by photoswitch is believed
Number, this kind of multiplex technique can effectively solve the restriction of fiber grating light source bandwidth when wavelength-division multiplex senses and in time division multiplex
The restricted problem of energy of light source during sensing so that the multiplexing of fiber grating has greater flexibility, it addition, the light of parallel join
The centre wavelength of fine grating can be identical, decreases the expense making fiber grating.
Optical fibre raster package structure of the present utility model such as Fig. 2.
Preferably, optical fibre optical grating sensing array is to be composed in parallel by a plurality of sensor fibre, through polishing and cleaning, sense light
Fibre is fixed on track side surfaces monitoring point by 502 glue, and utilizes epoxide-resin glue that fiber cloth wraps in outer fiber, forms protection
Layer, this kind of adhesive type fixing means is the most frequently used a kind of packaged type, have simple and easy to do, flexibly and fast, widely applicable etc.
Advantage.
Digital signal processing unit work process software flow pattern of the present utility model is as it is shown on figure 3, include step:
S1: carry out equipment initialization: include the initial of input/output port initialization, module reception state and the state of transmission
Change and arrange.
S2: pulse signal produces: utilize pulse signal to drive the operation of digital signal processing unit.
S3: read analog-digital conversion result: the result of analog-to-digital conversion device is read out.
S4: calculate raster center reflection wavelength variable quantity；By analog-digital conversion result is analyzed, calculate sensing letter
Number centre wavelength, the centre wavelength with fiber grating does difference further, obtains variable quantity.
S5: detection is measured the most complete: if detecting complete, end number signal processing unit works, by result
It is transferred to monitor computer, otherwise analog-digital conversion result is re-read.
Advantage of the present utility model and having the beneficial effect that
(1) this utility model uses fiber grating as sensor, and this is a kind of emerging senser element, has anti-electromagnetism
Interference, precision is high, and scope is big, loss is little and the advantage of Acceptable life length in measurement.
(2) this utility model uses Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, has advantage unrivaled with other sensor-based systems,
Such as electromagnetism interference, precision is high, and scope is big, loss is little and the advantage of Acceptable life length in measurement, it is possible to efficient, convenient
Rail system is monitored.
(3) this utility model uses the Optical multiplexing technology that wavelength-division multiplex and space division multiplexing combine, and utilizes photoswitch to realize
The selection of multichannel transducing signal, this kind of multiplex technique can effectively solve fiber grating light source bandwidth when wavelength-division multiplex senses
Limit and the restricted problem of energy of light source when time division multiplex senses so that the multiplexing of fiber grating has greater flexibility,
Further, the centre wavelength of the fiber grating of parallel join can be identical, decreases the expense making fiber grating.
(4) this utility model uses array waveguide grating wave filter as the core devices of demodulating system, and it is based on light intensity
Detection, it is adaptable to dynamic, static measurement, has preferable linear convergent rate.
(5) this utility model uses the unified monitoring of central monitoring station and management, for rainy few people foggy in track traffic
Area, plant maintenance difficulty, utilize central monitoring station that Rail Transit System can carry out long-term monitoring in real time easily,
And achieve the intelligent processing method to the dependent variable monitoring up to the track diverse location of tens kilometers.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system structure schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the encapsulation sectional view of the sensor fibre in this utility model.
Fig. 3 is the working software flow chart of digital signal processing unit in this utility model.
In figure: 1, track；2, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG；3, single-mode fiber；4, Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array；5, electricity is driven
Source；6, wide spectrum light source；7, optoisolator；8, photo-coupler；9, light switch；10, erbium-doped fiber amplifier；11, Waveguide array
Grating filter；12, photodetector；13, analog-digital converter；14, digital signal processing unit；15, monitoring computer；16、
Central monitoring station；17, fibre cladding；18, fiber cloth；19, epoxide-resin glue；20,502 glue.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network, embodiment 1
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this utility model is a kind of railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network
System, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 2 is connected to become grating string by single-mode fiber 3, and multiple grating tandems connection forms optical fiber grating sensing
Device array 4, and by gluing for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 4 with track 1 on, single-mode fiber 1 by Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array 4 with
Photoswitch 9 is connected；Driving power supply 5 to be connected on wideband light source 6, wideband light source 6 is connected with optoisolator 7, after optoisolator 7
Connect photo-coupler 8, and be connected on light switch 9；Photo-coupler 8 is by reflex circuit with erbium-doped fiber amplifier 10 even
Connect, and erbium-doped fiber amplifier 10 is connected to array waveguide grating wave filter 11, and by output channel and photodetector 12
Connect；Photodetector 12 is followed by analog-digital converter 13, and is connected to digital signal processing unit 14, is then calculated by monitoring
Machine 15 is transferred to central monitoring station by processing data in the way of radio communication；Sensor fibre 4 outsourcing fibre cladding 17, passes through
502 glue 20 are fixing on path 1, and utilize epoxide-resin glue 19 by gluing for fiber cloth 18 outside Fibre Optical Sensor 4.
The rail detection system being made up of described optical fiber sensing network, wide spectrum light source, under the driving driving power supply, sends
Wide spectrum optical is to optoisolator, by optoisolator high-isolation, it is achieved the high efficiency transmission of wide spectrum optical；Through optoisolator, wide
Spectrum light enters the bonder being connected with optoisolator, and then wide spectrum optical is transferred to the optical fiber grating sensing battle array of adhesive type encapsulation
Row, Optical Fiber Sensing Array is connected with light Multiplexing module, occurs the track of strain to drive Fibre Optical Sensor to send transducing signal, passes through
Light transducing signal is reflexed to Wavelength demodulation module by light Multiplexing module, and Wavelength demodulation module is by erbium-doped fiber amplifier and ripple
Guide grating array demodulating equipment and photodetector are connected composition, and transducing signal passes through Wavelength demodulation, is transferred to modulus
In transducer, and then entrance digital signal processing unit carries out Digital Signal Processing, is transferred to result monitor computer
In, the most again by radio communication, enter central monitoring station and carry out unified Analysis and process.
Fiber sensing module, light Multiplexing module and optical modulator module that this utility model uses are existing mature technology,
The hardware such as wide spectrum light source in this utility model, optoisolator, photo-coupler, photodetector, erbium-doped fiber amplifier are
Existing mature technology, not in narration in this utility model；The software of the digital signal processing unit that this utility model uses
Workflow is as it is shown on figure 3, but this software section is not as protection domain of the present utility model.
It is last that it is noted that obviously above-described embodiment is only for clearly demonstrating this utility model example,
And not restriction to embodiment.For the those of ordinary skill in described field, the most also may be used
To make other changes in different forms.Here without also cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive.And thus
That is amplified out obviously changes or changes among still in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. a railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network, it is characterised in that described system includes optical fiber
Sensor assembly, light source module, light Multiplexing module, wavelength demodulation module, digital sampling and processing and Surveillance center；Wherein
Fibre Optical Sensor module is made up of the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array for multimetering, and native system is set to multifiber light
Grid cascade, and often will be set to four grid regions with fiber grating according to light source light spectrum scope, FBG1, FBG2, FBG3 and FBG4 respectively,
Spaced can according to distributed monitoring require depending on, then use gluing fixed method that sensing network is sealed
Dress, is fixed on the side of rail system, and then forms a sensor network, it is achieved the requirement of measurement quasi-distributed to track；
Light source module uses wide spectrum light source as the light source of monitoring system, is driven by driving power supply；Wide spectrum optical is entered by optoisolator
Entering light Multiplexing module, the light Multiplexing module of system uses the photoswitch that bonder combines with wavelength-division multiplex and space division multiplexing technology
Device is connected；The dependent variable of track is changed to light transducing signal by sensor fibre dress, and is reflected back wavelength solution by Multiplexing module
Mode transfer block, the wavelength demodulation of this monitoring system, is to use erbium-doped fiber amplifier, manifold based on edge filter demodulation demodulation techniques
Channel array waveguide optical grating and photodetector complete；By Wavelength demodulation module, transducing signal is demodulated into the tested letter of simulation
Number, further by analog-digital converter and data processing unit, calculate raster center reflection wavelength variable quantity, and show at prison
On control computer, monitoring computer is connected with remote central monitoring station, it is achieved the real-time distributed monitoring to track.
2. by the railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network described in claim 1, it is characterised in that use
Length scanning type Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, in wide spectrum light source injection fibre, using Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) as passing
Sensor, carries out parameter measurement by the change of detection output spectrum.
3. railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that by width
Spectrum light source is connected on optoisolator, utilizes and drives power drives wide spectrum light source to launch wide spectrum optical to bonder.
4. railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that optical fiber
Sensor array utilizes single-mode fiber to cascade, and is then attached on light switch, and photoswitch is again by bonder and wavelength solution
Adjusting system is connected, the optical multiplexing system that formation wavelength-division multiplex and space division multiplexing combine.
5. railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that sensing
Signal is by coupler reflectivity to erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected with array waveguide grating wave filter,
Then it is connected with photodetector, forms Wavelength demodulation system.
6. railway monitoring system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that photoelectricity
Detector and data acquisition processing module is connected, specifically, photodetector is followed by an analog-digital converter, is then turned by modulus
Parallel operation is connected to monitor on computer by digital signal processing unit, then by radio communication, transfers data to center prison
Control station carries out unifying monitoring and analyzes.
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| CN107592353A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-capacity optical fiber and the implementation method of smart coat sensor network data processing |
| CN107655503A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-02-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of multi-channel optical fibre grating sensor demodulation method based on optical switch stack |
| CN108490271A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-09-04 | 西南交通大学 | It is a kind of distribution high ferro along electromagnetic interference real-time monitoring device and its method |
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| CN110579227A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-17 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Time division/wavelength division multiplexing fiber grating distributed sensing system and method |
| CN114545174A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-05-27 | 华北电力大学 | Partial discharge optical fiber distributed sensing system of transformer |
| CN114659612A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Rail transit train positioning system and method based on fiber bragg grating array |
| CN114993352A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Multi-path wide-spectrum light source data acquisition testing system and method for fiber-optic gyroscope |
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| CN107655503A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-02-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of multi-channel optical fibre grating sensor demodulation method based on optical switch stack |
| CN107592353A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-capacity optical fiber and the implementation method of smart coat sensor network data processing |
| CN107592353B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-04-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for realizing data processing of high-capacity optical fiber and intelligent coating sensor network |
| CN108490271A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-09-04 | 西南交通大学 | It is a kind of distribution high ferro along electromagnetic interference real-time monitoring device and its method |
| US20190344815A1 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-11-14 | TekTracking, LLC | System and method to ensure signal light integrity and viewability |
| US11794796B2 (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2023-10-24 | TekTracking, LLC | System and method to ensure signal light integrity and viewability |
| CN110579227A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-17 | 中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Time division/wavelength division multiplexing fiber grating distributed sensing system and method |
| CN114659612A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Rail transit train positioning system and method based on fiber bragg grating array |
| CN114659612B (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-05-03 | 武汉理工大学 | Rail transit train positioning system and method based on fiber bragg grating array |
| CN114545174A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-05-27 | 华北电力大学 | Partial discharge optical fiber distributed sensing system of transformer |
| CN114993352A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Multi-path wide-spectrum light source data acquisition testing system and method for fiber-optic gyroscope |
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Granted publication date: 20161207 Termination date: 20170511 |