CN102175268A - Quasi-distributed sensor network based on time division multiplex and matched optical fiber grating technology - Google Patents
Quasi-distributed sensor network based on time division multiplex and matched optical fiber grating technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quasi-distributed sensor network based on time division multiplex and matched optical fiber grating technology, which can accommodate a plurality of groups of optical fiber grating pairs with matched central reflection wavelength in a grating sensor network. A broadband light source is directly modulated in high speed by a narrow pulse signal sequence, a light pulse emitted by the broadband light source passes through an isolator and a circulator to enter into a sensing optical fiber grating and a matched optical fiber grating sequence, the light pulse is reflected back to light pulse sequences of different time delays with variation of the position of the optical fiber grating in the transmission process, and the light pulse sequences are processed with photoelectric conversion by a photoelectric detector to form electric pulse signal sequences. Arrangement position of the pulse sequence on a time domain is relative to spatial position of the optical fiber grating in the sensor network, wherein the optical fiber grating forms reflection, so that the signal is processed based on a high speed circuit, different gratings are distinguished according to a relation of time and position of the pulse signal, and wavelength change of each sensing grating is respectively obtained according to peak intensity of the pulse signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize time division multiplex and coupling grating to realize the method and technology field that environmental parameters such as pressure, strain or temperature are measured in fiber grating measurement or sensory field.
Background technology
(or claim Fiber Bragg Grating, Fiber Bragg Grating-FBG) is present sensory field of optic fibre research and the big focus used to fiber grating.Fiber-optic grating sensor has anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), the precision height, and advantage such as Acceptable life is long, and the Wavelength-encoding multiplexing capacity is strong obtains to use widely at sensory field in recent years.
One of outstanding advantage of fiber-optic grating sensor is to realize quasi-distributed sensing, promptly is carved into a plurality of fiber gratings on one or more optical fiber, and utilizes the quasi-distributed measurement of multiplex technique realization to various sensing amounts.On Yan Jiu emphasis has focused on the optical fiber Bragg grating sensing Network Design and has developed on this basis.Studying and use more multiplex technique at present is wavelength-division multiplex technique (the centre wavelength difference of each fiber grating as shown in Figure 1).In using the fiber grating sensing system of wavelength-division multiplex technique, the demodulation speed and the lifetime of system of fiber grating is limited by crucial F-P mechanical scanning optical filter.Use edge filter that the foveal reflex wavelength variable quantity of fiber grating is carried out the restriction that intensity demodulation can be avoided mechanical devices, but in same optical fiber, can only hold a fiber grating usually, can't utilize an optical fiber a plurality of gratings of connecting to carry out quasi-distributed measurement.On the other hand, the technology that has is also based on time-division multiplex technology, but can only utilize the pulse train after narrow-band light source modulated to enter the sensing grating sequence, and all sensor fibre gratings are limit owing to the light source bandwidth, can only adopt same centre wavelength but different reflectivity (general reflectivity near light source is lower, increase one by one) carries out time-domain analysis (the centre wavelength unanimity of grating, but reflectivity difference as shown in Figure 2).Mainly there be big and the not enough problem of sensing accuracy of crosstalking between the different reflection spots in such solution.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcoming of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the very fast and bigger optical fiber grating sensing network technology of capacity of a kind of demodulation rate, the fiber grating that makes it to hold many group switching centres reflection wavelength coupling in a grating sensing network is right.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following means:
Quasi-distributed sensing network based on time division multiplex and matched fiber grating technology, wideband light source is directly modulated by the high-frequency narrow-pulse sequence signal, behind optical circulator, enter sensor fibre grating sequence then and have the matched fiber grating sequence of edge filter function, after fiber grating sensing signal is detected and analyzes based on the optical time domain reflection principle by high speed circuit after the photodetector reception.
The present invention utilizes the narrow pulse signal sequence that wideband light source is carried out direct High Speed Modulation, the light pulse that wideband light source sends enters into sensor fibre grating and matched fiber grating sequence through isolator and circulator, light pulse in communication process with the difference of fiber grating position the light pulse sequence of reflected back different delay, carry out opto-electronic conversion through photodetector, form the electric impulse signal sequence.Pulse train is relevant with the locus of fiber grating in sensing network that forms reflection at the arrangement position on the time domain, based on high speed circuit signal is handled like this, time location relation according to pulse signal is distinguished different gratings, and obtains the wavelength variations situation of each sensing grating respectively according to the peak strength of pulse signal.The fiber grating that can hold many group switching centres reflection wavelength coupling in a grating sensing network is right.
The present invention utilizes the advantage of time division multiplex networking and the advantage of coupling grating high-speed, solved effectively in the traditional scheme at same series network, the continuous light signal that diverse location place fiber grating reflects goes out the problem that stack can't effectively be differentiated at photodetector, make optical fiber grating sensing network to carry out quasi-distributed measurement, have important use value with demodulation rate faster.
Description of drawings is as follows:
Fig. 1 is typical wavelength-division multiplex optical fiber grating sensing schematic network structure.
Fig. 2 is typical time division multiplex optical fiber grating sensing schematic network structure.
The optical fiber grating sensing network structural representation that Fig. 3 proposes for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is matched fiber grating sensing principle figure.
The another kind of structural representation of optical fiber grating sensing network that Fig. 5 proposes for the present invention.
Pulse train that Fig. 6 receives for photodetector and fiber grating arrangement position concern synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the present invention typical case implementation system structural drawing.
Fig. 8 is an applicating example of the present invention.
Fig. 9 forms bigger sensing network structural representation based on the present invention.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 3, wideband light source 100 is directly modulated by burst pulse sequence signal 101, further improve protection through also increasing isolator between optical circulator 102(light source 100 and the optical circulator 102 then to light source) after enter sensor fibre grating sequence 103, the foveal reflex wavelength difference of each grating in the sensor fibre grating sequence, broadband optimal pulse will be by each fiber grating difference reflected back part like this; The light of reflected back by entering the matched fiber grating sequence 104 with edge filter function behind the optical circulator 102, carries out edge filtering respectively to reflected light once more; The filtered light pulse in edge reaches photodetector 105 and carries out opto-electronic conversion generation electrical pulse sequence signal, and electrical pulse sequence signal sequence of positions in time is relevant with the arrangement position of the fiber grating that carries out quasi-distributed measurement in optical fiber link; Use high speed circuit 106 that the electrical pulse sequence signal that obtains is handled and analyzed, sentence out the reflected signal of the fiber grating at diverse location place according to sequencing in time, and change (according to the described matched fiber grating principle in back) according to the peak height of pulse signal and calculate sensor fibre grating foveal reflex wavelength change amount.
More careful, sensor fibre grating sequence 103 forms (103 by a series of fiber gratings with different centre wavelengths
1, 103
2... 103
N), and matched fiber grating sequence 104 also forms (104 by a series of fiber gratings with different centre wavelengths
1, 104
2... 104
N), still, then have on all four characteristic (as centre wavelength) for the fiber grating of same position in these two sequences, realize matching feature.Utilize principle that the coupling grating carries out sensing as shown in Figure 4, under initial conditions, two gratings (FBG1 and FBG2) characteristic is consistent, on spectrum, overlap fully, (the another one grating is not subjected to ectocine usually after one of them grating is subjected to the ectocine wavelength that drift takes place, as the reference grating), coincidence situation (dash area among Fig. 4) between two gratings also will change, therefore, only need change and just can realize the sensing of situation to external world by the power that detects two grating intersection correspondences, and, can eliminate the influence of temperature to the sensing result because two fiber gratings are in full accord to the reflection of temperature.Matched fiber grating sequence and sensor fibre grating sequence place to be eliminated temperature effect or demarcates the strain or the pressure sensing of realization temperature-insensitive through the initial temperature difference under the same external environment.Therefore, this method has simple in structure, temperature-insensitive and can realize the advantage of high speed sensing (only needing power detection).
Similarly principle can also adopt mode shown in Figure 5 to carry out, wideband light source 200 through 201 carry out high-speed driving modulation after, enter into the fiber grating sequence through circulator 202, different with Fig. 3 is, two fiber grating sequences (sensor fibre grating sequence and matched fiber grating sequence) are distributed on the same link, and wherein sensor fibre grating sequence is 203
1, 203
2203
N, and the matched fiber grating sequence is 203
1', 203
2' ... 203
N'.Arrangement mode is according to 203
1, 203
1', 203
2, 203
2' ... 203
N, 203
N' order.Similar as Fig. 3, its foveal reflex wavelength difference of the grating of different sequence numbers, and the fiber grating (FBG of same sequence number in two sequences
iAnd FBG
i￠ is as 203
1With 203
1') as the coupling grating pair, have the same character (archicenter wavelength), wherein sensing grating is used to measure the variation of external parameter, and the coupling grating plays reference role, principle had been done explanation in Fig. 4.It should be noted that as coupling grating pair (FBG
iAnd FBG
i￠), the distance between these two gratings should be less than the spatial resolution (by high speed circuit and the decision of light source character) of system's detection.The light signal of whole sensing network reflected back through circulator 202 laggard go into carry out analyzing and processing by high speed circuit 205 after photodetector 204 receives.
In addition, similar a bit based on time-multiplexed measuring principle and optical time domain reflection measuring principle.Wideband light source issues the bright dipping sequences of pulsed signals in the direct modulation of narrow pulse signal sequence, the time domain width of this pulse signal depends on the minimum length of the connection line of optic fibre between fiber grating in the optical fiber optical grating array that carries out quasi-distributed measurement, generally can be calculated by following formula
Wherein t is the time domain width of narrow pulse signal, and △ L is the minimum length of carrying out the connection line of optic fibre between fiber grating in the optical fiber optical grating array of quasi-distributed measurement, and n is the effective refractive index of optical fiber, and c is a light velocity of propagation in a vacuum.The interpulse Transmission Time Interval T of adjacent narrow depends on the total length of connection line of optic fibre in the optical fiber optical grating array that carries out quasi-distributed measurement, generally can be calculated by following formula
Wherein L is the total length that carries out connection line of optic fibre in the optical fiber optical grating array of quasi-distributed measurement, and n is the effective refractive index of optical fiber, and c is a light velocity of propagation in a vacuum.Light pulse sequence is after photodetector detects, and its situation as shown in Figure 6 with because reflection position is different in the sensor fibre grating sequence there are differences the time of arrival of each light pulse in the sequence.
In addition, because two fiber grating sequence original performances are the same, if two sequences are placed under the same external environment (mainly referring to temperature), because the temperature-insensitive of matched fiber grating can be realized the accurate perception to strain or pressure and other parameters.
Fig. 7 has described our specific embodiment, and the integral experiment device is based on principle shown in Figure 3, and that wherein wideband light source adopts is super-radiance light emitting diode (SLED), and its modulation band-width can reach more than the 100MHz.The coupling grating that we have adopted four groups of different wave lengths in the experiment is as sensing network node, and wherein four as the sensing sequence, other four as the edge filter matching sequence.That photodetector adopts is integrated PIN-FET, and its bandwidth is 50MHz, and photoelectric transformation efficiency is greater than 100mV/mW.
For the reflected light that prevents to form owing to reasons such as end face reflections damages wideband light source, light pulse is at first through an isolator, enter then behind the port one of circulator from port 2 to come out and be coupled to the fiber grating sequence (fiber grating that contains 4 different centre wavelengths) of carrying out quasi-distributed sensing, the fiber grating of light pulse different foveal reflex wavelength with the diverse location place in communication process meets and reflects light pulse that intensity is less of part formation, and the fiber grating that forms reflection is depended in its shape and position on spectrum.In order to be unlikely to take place " cross-talk " phenomenon, need certain interval between the fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength, generally with 2nm be advisable (5nm of being separated by in the experiment).The light pulse that each fiber grating reflects is because time difference forms a light pulse sequence, and port 2 back the going out from port 3 that enter circulator are coupled to the matched fiber grating sequence of carrying out edge filtering.In order effectively the fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength change in the fiber grating sequence of carrying out quasi-distributed sensing to be carried out demodulation, in the matched fiber grating sequence, need to be provided with sensor fibre grating sequence in several fiber gratings (in the experiment being 4) of being complementary respectively of fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength, to its spatial disposition position be connected fiber lengths and there is no specific (special) requirements.Light pulse sequence in the matched fiber grating sequence because the edge filter action of corresponding coupling grating, the intensity of light pulse can along with matched fiber grating to foveal reflex wavelength difference value within the specific limits variation and do the change of approximately linear.Last light pulse sequence reaches the PIN-FET detector, and the time of arrival of each light pulse is with different there are differences (as shown in Figure 6) of reflection position in the sensor fibre grating sequence in the sequence.PIN-FET is converted into the identical electrical pulse sequence of time order and function relation with light pulse sequence, carries out analyzing and processing through high speed circuit.The driving circuit of SLED and analysis circuit are integrated into same module in the experiment.
Can be by present embodiment by finding out, because different fiber grating reflection light reaches the asynchronism(-nization) of photodetector, can make a distinction by the reflected light that is easy to fiber grating, use a plurality of coupling grating pairs to carry out quasi-distributed measurement thereby use at a series connection sensing network (optical fiber).A certain node (fiber grating) foveal reflex wavelength change causes the imbalance with matched fiber grating sequence corresponding node (fiber grating) centre wavelength in the sensor fibre grating sequence, thereby causes the variation of pulse signal peak strength in the detected corresponding time period of photodetector.
Photodetector goes out the center wavelength variation situation that each individual fibers grating is caused by ectocine in the sensor fibre grating sequence according to the mutation analysis of different time internal reflection power.
Originally can be widely used in distributed strain/pressure monitoring occasion, and not wish and temperature correlation, for example high speed railway track strain regime, fan blade state, bridge structure safe, monitoring of oil transportation (gas) pipe crack or the like, as shown in Figure 8.To some different application scenario, can adopt different network structure mode (Fig. 3 or Fig. 5), for example, in the fan blade monitoring, the texture ratio of Fig. 3 is more suitable, and in the monitoring of high speed railway track strain regime, the structure of Fig. 5 then more convenient (coupling grating is wherein placed no extraneous strain regime).
In addition, the present invention can further make up with multiplex modes such as sky branch or wavelength-divisions, forms bigger sensing network, example as shown in Figure 9, after the wideband light source beam splitting with modulation, can share, realize wider monitoring by a plurality of sensing networks that are used for different spatial (structure).
To sum up, the present invention have no moving-member, at a high speed, the advantage such as low of crosstalking, be widely used, therefore, have bigger application prospect.
Claims (5)
1. based on the quasi-distributed sensing network of time division multiplex and matched fiber grating technology, it is characterized in that, wideband light source is directly modulated by the high-frequency narrow-pulse sequence signal, behind optical circulator, enter sensor fibre grating sequence then and have the matched fiber grating sequence of edge filter function, after fiber grating sensing signal is detected and analyzes based on the optical time domain reflection principle by high speed circuit after the photodetector reception.
2. the quasi-distributed sensing network based on time division multiplex and matched fiber grating technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that, has the fiber grating sequence FBG of sensing function
1, FBG
2FBG
iFBG
NBe connected on the same optical fiber link, have the matched fiber grating sequence FBG of edge filter function
1￠, FBG
2￠ ... FBG
i￠ ... FBG
N￠ is connected on the same optical fiber link, and sensor fibre grating sequence and matched fiber grating sequence are positioned at the different port of optical circulator, and the light of sensor fibre grating sequence reflected back is once more by entering the matched fiber grating sequence behind the optical circulator.
3. the quasi-distributed sensing network based on time division multiplex and matched fiber grating technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sensor fibre grating sequence FBG
1, FBG
2FBG
iFBG
NWith matched fiber grating sequence FBG
1￠, FBG
2￠ ... FBG
i￠ ... FBG
N￠ is connected on the same optical fiber link and forms sensing network, and its arrangement mode is according to FBG
1, FBG
1￠, FBG
2, FBG
2￠ ... FBG
i, FBG
i￠ ... FBG
N, FBG
NThe order of ￠ is formed, and the sensor fibre grating is used to measure external parameter to be changed, and matched fiber grating directly enters photodetector and treatment circuit by the light of whole sensing network reflected back after by optical circulator as a reference.
4. the quasi-distributed sensing network based on time division multiplex and matched fiber grating technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sensor fibre grating sequence has different foveal reflex wavelength with each fiber grating in the matched fiber grating sequence, and the fiber grating of same sequence number has identical archicenter reflection wavelength in two sequences.
5. the quasi-distributed sensing network based on time division multiplex and matched fiber grating technology according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the fiber grating of same sequence number is right as matched fiber grating in sensor fibre grating sequence and the matched fiber grating sequence, and its space length is less than the spatial resolution of detection system.
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Application publication date: 20110907 |