CN101711200A - 优选用于可充气的气球外壳的柔性多层材料,以及用于制备可充气的外壳的方法 - Google Patents
优选用于可充气的气球外壳的柔性多层材料,以及用于制备可充气的外壳的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
柔性多层材料特别应用于可充气的气球外壳、飞艇、气囊、帆、柔性太阳能电池或柔性天线。该柔性多层材料具有至少一个层(11,13),所述至少一个层(11,13)由超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)或超高分子量聚丙烯(UHMWPP)组成。所述层的两侧均经由聚乙烯或聚丙烯构成的层或薄膜(10,12;12,14)围绕并与该层结合,其中彼此叠置施加的层或薄膜由可以通过加热彼此结合。这样的材料层是轻质的并具有高的强度或撕裂强度和高的弹性模量。
Description
本发明涉及柔性多层材料,特别地用于可充气的气球外壳(Ballonhülle)、飞艇(Luftschiff)、气囊(Airbag)、帆、柔性太阳能电池或柔性天线的柔性多层材料,并涉及用于制备可充气外壳的方法。
从由多层构成的材料生产用于充气型气球(其例如用于将各种无线电通讯和/或观测平台定位在同温层中(高空气球))的外壳是已知的,其中例如在聚酯织物上施加Mylar(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,PET)的层或薄膜,并在该层或薄膜上施加额外的聚乙烯层或额外的聚乙烯薄膜。在此,各层通过用合适的粘合剂彼此结合。气球外壳通常由多个由同样经彼此粘合的多层材料制成的幅面制备。这带来了若干缺陷。在粘合位置处总是存在该粘合位置变得不密封的风险,以致填充该气球的气体例如氦或氢可能逸出。它们对气球外壳的柔性和所需的高强度或撕裂强度也具有负面影响,并且此外它们还增加了外壳重量。具体就定位在20至30千米高度的经受极端温度差和特别地还经受例如-80℃的温度的气球(高空气球)而言,该粘合位置构成了一个危险因素。
本发明基于如下目标:也即提供这样的多层材料,特别是用于可充气的气球外壳以及例如用于飞艇,降落伞,气囊,帆,柔性太阳能电池等的多层材料,该多层材料是轻质的并具有高弹性模量和高强度或撕裂强度。此外,要提供由根据本发明的多层材料制备可充气外壳的方法,籍此方法基本上避免了伴随着上述缺陷的各层和幅面的粘合,并可以制备轻质、柔性并在不同的条件经受高压的外壳,例如气球,飞艇或气囊的外壳。
根据本发明,该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的多层材料和通过根据权利要求10的方法实现。
根据本发明的多层材料和根据本发明的方法的其它优选实施方案形成从属权利要求的主题。
由于至少一层超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)或超高分子量聚丙烯(UHMWPP),根据本发明的柔性多层材料的特点是高撕裂强度。由于该UHMWPE层两面均被聚乙烯层或薄膜围绕(或UHMWPP层被各一层聚丙烯层或薄膜围绕),所述彼此叠置施加的层或薄膜可以仅通过加热彼此结合,而不必使用粘合剂。
借助本发明方法,可以形成可充气外壳,例如气球外壳,实际上像环绕经充气的模型外壳(Formhülle)的“高压容器”,其中各层或薄膜彼此先后卷绕(aufrollen),并随后借助加热辊加热并由此彼此结合。优选地,所述层或薄膜以螺旋状并自身重叠地缠绕(wickeln)或卷绕(aufrollen)在经充气的模型外壳上。有利地借助沿着该模型外壳移动的辊将所述层或薄膜卷绕在绕其纵轴旋转的模型外壳上,其中所述加热辊也沿着该旋转的模型外壳移动。在制得外壳后,排空模型外壳,并通过为此配备的可闭合开口将模型外壳从该外壳中取出。
在下文中将借助附图更详细地解释本发明。所述附图纯示意性地示出:
图1示出了根据本发明的多层材料的结构和层组成的一个实施例;
图2示出了根据本发明的多层材料的部分放大截面图;
图3示出了用于由根据本发明的多层材料制备可充气的气球外壳的装置;和
图4示出了由根据本发明的多层材料制备的帆的正视图。
在图1中示意性示出,根据本发明,由那些层可以构成例如用于可充气的气球或飞艇外壳的柔性多层材料。
实施例用五个层10至14表示。第一层10(其将形成气球内侧)由基于乙烯(例如乙烯乙烯醇薄膜(EVOH))形成,厚度为大约5至20μm。向该第一层或薄膜10施加由超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)构成的层11,这些可以是例如由纤维、线(比如Dyneema或Spectra)等制成的市售可得的材料。在层11和额外的优选地也由Dyneema纤维或线制成的UHMWPE层13之间配备有由低密度聚乙烯(LLPPE)构成的中间层12,其厚度为大约8μm。最后,第二UHMPWE层13将被另一LDPE聚乙烯薄膜14覆盖,该LDPE聚乙烯薄膜可以在外侧配备有铝保护层。
此外,在该气球内侧,可以通过等离子体施加等向所述内层10配备额外的纳米范围的粉末涂层。
由于存在两个UHMWPE层11、13,获得了超高强度或撕裂强度的材料,特别是如图1所示,一个UHMWPE层11的纤维或线相对于另一个UHMWPE层13的纤维或线横向延伸的情况。然而,理论上,也可以仅提供一个UHMWPE层作为增强。这些纤维或线的表面处理不是必需的,但是原则上它们可以例如通过等离子体方法进行表面处理。这些层13由若干彼此以固定距离间隔设置且在每一情况下由许多单独纤维组成的纤维绞线或线制成。这些线具有50至2300g/10000米的比重。对于本申请,优选使用110g/10000米的重量。借助Dyneema纤维获得了至多2,000N/平方毫米(张力负荷)的平均强度值。
通过在两侧均用聚乙烯层或薄膜围绕该至少一层UHMWPE层,这些彼此叠置施加的层或薄膜可以仅通过加热就彼此结合,而不必使用粘合剂或树脂混合物(树脂)。其中在压制到一起的状态下在稍低于熔点的温度,优选在60-90℃,加热所述层。作为聚乙烯薄膜特别合适的是拉伸膜,借助该拉伸膜在与由纤维或线构成的层13接合时已经发生自粘合。
代替UHMWPE,也可以由超高分子量聚丙烯(UHMWPP)形成相应的一个或多个层11,13,接着,代替其它的聚乙烯层或薄膜,必须相应地使用由聚丙烯(丙烯)制得的层或薄膜。聚丙烯特别适合用于室温应用,这是因为聚丙烯只能在直至大约-20℃使用。
图2以放大图形式示出了特别是通过由具有纤维或线13′的层13的横截面。这些均具有微米范围直径的线13’经如下方式排列:以使它们大致以排(in einer Reihe)的形式而不是彼此叠置的形式且彼此平行地放置,使得每个单独的线13’在两侧均与各薄膜12、14结合。由此在薄膜和纤维或线之间产生了最优的整面结合。为此,在将线与所述薄膜接合并粘合之前,将该线(通常以束提供)彼此分开并对齐以形成大致单排的层13。
现在通过用图3来说明如何例如由上述多层材料生产外壳(例如气球外壳)。
图3示出了具有对应于有待生产的气球外壳的外形(优选为流线形状)的经充气模型外壳21的装置20,该模型外壳由不会与聚乙烯融合的材料(优选纺织物)制成。模型外壳21以绕可其纵轴a旋转的方式安装在装置20中。根据本发明,首先将优选由气密性乙烯乙烯醇薄膜(EVOH)形成的第一层10以线圈形状并自身交叠(überlappend)地辊压到充气模型外壳21上,为此提供了沿着模型外壳21移动的辊22。此后,通过同样沿着模型外壳21移动的加热辊24(在模型外壳21内部给其分配了一起移动的磁力对转辊25),加热第一层10并将所述自身交叠的薄膜部件彼此压制,并从而以气密方式彼此连接。有利地,这些连接在一起的薄膜随后被立即冷却,使得不改变纤维的分子结构。
随后,将其它层或薄膜一个接一个地辊压到该模型外壳上。在此,缠绕两个UHMWPE或Dyneema层11、13,使得这两层的彼此呈横向延伸的纤维或线对齐至该模型外壳21的纵轴或旋转轴a。为此,在任何情况下,模型外壳21的旋转轴a可以经调节为相对于移动辊22的移动方向倾斜。
在已经将上一聚乙烯薄膜14辊压到该外壳上之后,用加热辊24通过加热将所有层或薄膜10至14彼此结合,以便围绕该经充气的模型外壳21形成“单件高压容器”。在该气球外壳完成后,排空模型外壳21的空气,并通过为此目的配备的可闭合开口26将该模型外壳从该气球外壳中抽出。
在排空并取出模型外壳21之前,可以另外将聚四氟乙烯层(FEP)作为UV保护层粘合到该气球外壳上,优选借助丙烯酸类粘合剂966进行。
根据本发明生产的气球外壳薄而轻,并且尽管如此它可以承受得住极高的压力负载,即使在变化条件下也是如此。有利的是,各薄膜可以在不同位置处以不同的交叠方式缠绕,使得该外壳可以在不同位置处形成不同的强度。由于外壳的上述性质,气球可以达到与借助常规的气球外壳所能达到的相比更大的高度。
类似于气球外壳,还可以生产飞艇或气囊外壳。就气囊外壳而言,第一层(在其上施加有其它层或薄膜)有利地由在对应于于气囊外壳内侧的面上涂布有铝的聚乙烯薄膜形成。由于根据本发明的多层材料,可以使用更高的压力,其中又由于该材料的高弹性模量,该气囊在遭受撞击时足够柔软。
除了外壳外,也可以由根据本发明的材料生产产品如帆,柔性太阳能电池,柔性天线等。具体取决于有待生产的产品的形状,将第一层或薄膜施加到直接模具表面或者具有相应阴模的模具表面上(例如吸入),然后施加其它层(其中至少一层由UHMWPE或UHMWPP制备),并通过加热让所述层彼此结合。
当用作帆时,有利地是围绕UHMWPE层的层之一由涂布有聚乙烯(PE)的尼龙66组成以提高稳定性。尽管如此,这种帆比常规的尼龙帆要轻得多,并因此更容易操作。备选地,就帆而言,还可以使用具有外层铝保护层的覆盖薄膜。
此外,如图4中的帆30所示,借助根据本发明的材料可以解决另一问题。迄今,总是在绑扎位置处配备有针对固定机构的开口,在此处发生撕裂。根据本发明,将UHMWPE或UHMWPP或来自彼此叠置施加并彼此结合的材料层的层(其形成帆表面30’)的纤维或线31伸出并用作用于固定帆30的装置。
所述纤维或线31也可以例如形成环32,其中这些纤维或线31从该帆穿出并再引回到该帆中,例如由线33、33’、33”所示。由此产生了从帆30至固定该帆的绳索的最佳力传递。在从帆伸出的部分,这些线可以例如被编织成绳索。此外,也可以以横向配备纤维或线。
作为本发明的多层材料的其它用途,设想了防弹衣、柔性太阳能电池或电池组、直升机的防弹保护层、软管、在外壳手术领域中在用于动脉硬化血管开口的高压导液管情况下的气球等。
原则上,各层可以由不同塑料材料(例如UHMWPE和UHMWPP)的纤维或线构成,使得在由纤维或线构成的层的一侧上可通过加热结合与在另一侧的层相比由不同的材料构成的层或薄膜。
Claims (21)
1.柔性多层材料,特别是用于可充气的气球外壳、飞艇、气囊、帆、柔性太阳能电池、柔性天线等的柔性多层材料,其特征在于:
至少一层由塑料构成的具有高撕裂强度的纤维或线制成的层(11,13)和至少一层可与上述层结合的塑料层或膜(10,12;12,14),其中所述塑料层或膜由这样的材料构成,该材料可以基本上通过加热与所述由塑料构成的纤维或线制成的层(11,13)相结合。
2.根据权利要求1的多层材料,其特征在于层(11,13)的纤维或线由超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)制备并在两面均由基于聚乙烯或乙烯的层或薄膜(10,12;12,14)围绕并可以通过加热与所述层或薄膜相结合。
3.根据权利要求1的多层材料,其特征在于层(11,13)的纤维或线由超高分子量聚丙烯(UHMWPP)制备并在两面均由基于聚丙烯或丙烯的层或薄膜(10,12;12,14)围绕和可以通过加热与所述层或薄膜相结合。
4.根据权利要求2的多层材料,其特征在于两个UHMWPE层(11,13)配备有由聚乙烯薄膜(12)形成的公共中间层或两个UHMWPP层配备有由聚丙烯制得的公共中间层。
5.根据权利要求2的多层材料,其特征在于,可使用Dyneema作为UHMWPE层(11,13),其中一个UHMWPE层(11)的纤维或线相对于另一个UHMWPE层(13)的纤维或线横向延伸。
6.根据前述权利要求1-5任一项的多层材料,其特征在于,所述层(11,13)均由若干彼此相邻设置的纤维绞线或线(13’)形成,所述纤维绞线或线均由许多单独的纤维或线(13’)组成。
7.根据前述权利要求1-6任一项的多层材料,其特征在于,所述层(11,13)的均具有微米范围的直径的线(13’)以如下方式设置:以使它们大致以排的形式而不是彼此叠置的形式相互定位,由此在加热后几乎每个单独的线(13’)在两侧均与各薄膜(12,14)结合。
8.权利要求2的多层材料,特别是用于气球外壳或飞艇外壳的多层材料,其特征在于,形成该气球外壳内侧的第一层(10)经配置为乙烯乙烯醇薄膜(EVOH),在其上施加由Dyneema纤维或线制成的UHMWPE层(11),其中在该UHMWPE层(11)上施加由较低密度聚乙烯(低密度聚乙烯,LDPE)制成的中间层或薄膜(12),并在该中间层或薄膜上施加由Dyneema纤维或线制成的另一UHMWPE层(13),且后者在外侧由用铝涂布的聚乙烯薄膜(14)覆盖。
9.权利要求8的多层材料,其特征在于,在通过加热结合所有层或薄膜(10-14)后,在用铝涂布的聚乙烯薄膜(14)的外侧贴上另外的聚四氟乙烯层(FEP)作为UV保护层,优选借助丙烯酸类粘合剂966进行。
10.根据权利要求1-3任一项的多层材料,特别是用于气囊外壳的多层材料,其特征在于,在其上施加有额外的层或薄膜的第一层由在对应于该气囊外壳内侧的面上涂布有铝的聚乙烯薄膜形成,该第一层可配备有纳米范围的粉末涂层。
11.权利要求1-3任一项的多层材料,优选用于帆,其特征在于,形成帆表面(30)的UHMWPE和/或UHMWPP层或者来自由彼此叠置施加并彼此结合的材料层的层的纤维或线(31)伸出并用作固定该帆的机构。
12.权利要求11的多层材料,其特征在于,所述被UHMWPE层围绕的层由用聚乙烯(PE)涂覆的尼龙66制成。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项的多层材料,其特征在于,所述彼此叠置施加的层或薄膜(10-14)通过在压力下加热到大约60-90℃的温度而彼此结合。
14.权利要求1的多层材料,其特征在于,所述层由不同塑料材料的纤维或线构成,所述塑料材料例如是UHMWPE和UHMWPP,使得可以在由纤维或线制成的层的一侧上通过加热与这样的层或薄膜相结合,所述层或薄膜由与在另一侧的层相比不同的材料构成。
15.权利要求1-14中任一项的多层材料,其特征在于,作为聚乙烯膜可使用拉伸膜,借助该拉伸膜在与由纤维或线制成的层(13)接合时已经产生粘附。
16.用于制备由根据权利要求1-9任一项的柔性多层材料制成的可充气外壳,特别是气球、飞艇或气囊的外壳的方法,其特征在于,
将由聚乙烯或聚丙烯构成的第一层或薄膜辊压在由不会与聚乙烯或聚丙烯融合的材料,优选纺织物,制成的被充气至所需的气球、飞艇或气囊形状的模型外壳(21)上,然后将其它层或薄膜各自依次缠绕到该外壳(21)上,随后借助加热辊(24)将所述层或薄膜加热并由此将围绕该模型外壳(21)的气球、飞艇或气囊的外壳彼此结合起来,然后排空该模型外壳(21)并将该模型外壳从所述制得的外壳中抽出。
17.权利要求16的方法,其特征在于,将所述层或薄膜以线圈形状并自身交叠地缠绕或卷绕在经充气的模型外壳(21)上。
18.权利要求17的方法,其特征在于,借助沿着所述模型外壳(21)移动的辊(22)将所述层或薄膜卷绕在绕其轴(a)旋转的模型外壳(21)上,其中在加热所述层或薄膜时,所述加热辊(24)也沿着该旋转的模型外壳(21)移动。
19.权利要求16-18之一的方法,其特征在于,在已经缠绕第一薄膜后,通过加热将交叠的薄膜部分彼此气密性地结合起来。
20.权利要求18或19的方法,其特征在于,在具有两个UHMWPE或Dyneema层的材料的情况下,让两个层的彼此横向延伸的纤维或线相对于该模型外壳(21)的旋转轴(a)呈某一角度缠绕或卷绕,其中可以将该模型外壳的旋转轴(a)调节为斜向于该移动的辊(22)的移动方向。
21.权利要求16-20中任一项的方法,其特征在于,在加热后立即冷却所述层或薄膜。
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JP5645656B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
CN101711200B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
AU2008243333A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
CA2685360A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
ZA200907512B (en) | 2010-08-25 |
KR20100085831A (ko) | 2010-07-29 |
UA102997C2 (ru) | 2013-09-10 |
RU2009144102A (ru) | 2011-06-10 |
EP2142365A2 (de) | 2010-01-13 |
WO2008131916A2 (de) | 2008-11-06 |
JP2010524734A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
EG25963A (en) | 2012-11-13 |
US20100239797A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
IL201616A0 (en) | 2010-05-31 |
MX2009011477A (es) | 2010-03-22 |
WO2008131916A3 (de) | 2009-02-12 |
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