CN107405832A - 用于加压柔性结构的多层密封外层和使用这种外层的柔性结构 - Google Patents

用于加压柔性结构的多层密封外层和使用这种外层的柔性结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107405832A
CN107405832A CN201580073878.0A CN201580073878A CN107405832A CN 107405832 A CN107405832 A CN 107405832A CN 201580073878 A CN201580073878 A CN 201580073878A CN 107405832 A CN107405832 A CN 107405832A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
polymer film
structural elements
enhancing fabric
armoury wire
sealable
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Pending
Application number
CN201580073878.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
阿贝尔·阿比斯罗尔
迪迪埃·梅斯纳热
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of CN107405832A publication Critical patent/CN107405832A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明的主题是一种多层密封外层，尤其用于一个可膨胀结构，包括一个第一聚合物膜（10a或10b）、布置在第一聚合物膜上的一个增强织物（20a或20b）、和一个第二聚合物膜（30a或30b），第二聚合物膜布置在所述增强织物上并利用粘合剂通过所述增强织物中的网眼的空隙与第一聚合物膜粘结。本发明可以应用于生产可膨胀结构构件，例如可膨胀的梁，密封外层为其形成结构构件的外壁，密封外层的所述第一聚合物膜（10a或10b）为其形成结构构件的所述外壁的内表面，并且第二聚合物膜（30a或30b）形成外壁的外表面。

Description

用于加压柔性结构的多层密封外层和使用这种外层的柔性 结构
技术领域
本发明涉及可用于加压的可膨胀的柔性结构，并且特别旨在用于生产梁、管轴承太阳能电池板、卫星的空气制动机翼结构或天线反射器、也可以是飞艇、气象气球或任何其他对象的结构框架元件，其中质量轻是这些装置一个主要的特征。
在这个范围内，本发明涉及用于加压的柔性结构的多层密封外层和使用这种外层的柔性结构。
背景技术
加压的可膨胀承重管的生产从专利文件US5311706A和WO2007/096289A已知，例如，用于部署大型可膨胀结构。
对待部署的装置的结构构件的限制在于在加压下获得足够的刚度，而没有撕裂的风险，同时尽可能最小化这些构件的质量以及当缩小时占据的体积。
在关于可膨胀梁的现有技术中，确保梁的密封的几个膜彼此粘结。在大多数情况下，用于确保密封的膜粘结在可膨胀梁的外侧面上。因此，当施加较高内部压力时，这些膜可能变得分离，导致密封缺陷。这导致柔性梁的刚度随时间损失，甚至导致柔性梁的坍塌。
迄今为止，有几种确保可膨胀结构密封的方法：
- 将聚合物溶液内部喷涂到增强织物上；
- 将膜粘结在增强织物的外侧面上；
- 制造通过压缩/硫化（气动式）方法和衍生方法强化的柔性结构。
第一解决方案没有提供令人满意的结果。具体而言，难以在整个表面（在某些地方存在微孔和过量的聚合物）上实现均匀的喷涂。因此，该方法不能确保良好的密封性，而且，所生产的结构相当重。
第二个解决方案是将膜粘结在梁的内侧面上的增强织物上。两种不同材料的粘结不是非常容易，这使得该方法难以实施。此外，所述粘结在梁的外侧面上进行，因此当施加相对较高的压力时，膜可能从织物分离。
因此，本发明的目的之一是最小化并且最大限度地消除由于膜分离而与可膨胀结构的密封有关的问题。这使得可以使柔性结构的刚度随着时间保持恒定，从而增加其使用寿命。此外，本发明包括膜/膜粘结，其比膜和增强织物之间的粘结更容易。
发明内容
在本文中，本发明涉及一种结构，例如具有任何形状的截面的梁，其具有由聚合物膜构成的多层密封外层，该聚合物膜包住由合成纤维制成的增强织物，特别是由工程纤维，如碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚合物纤维等制成的增强织物，同时可以通过在内部加压之后产生预应力状态来使结构承重。这种类型的梁可以例如集成到卫星的可部署元件的框架中，以使结构更轻量化。
本发明因此首先提出多层密封外层，特别是用于可膨胀结构，包括第一聚合物膜、布置在第一聚合物膜上的增强织物、和第二聚合物膜，第二聚合物膜布置在增强织物上并利用粘合剂通过所述增强织物中的孔与所述第一聚合物膜粘结。
增强织物优选包括网眼，其间距根据增强织物的厚度而调整，所述聚合物膜的柔性和粘合剂的流动性允许第一聚合物膜和第二聚合物膜之间的粘结。
有利地，增强织物由合成纤维制成。
本发明还提出了一种可膨胀结构构件，例如包括根据本发明的密封外层的可膨胀梁，密封外层形成结构构件的外壁，密封外层的第一聚合物膜形成结构构件的外壁的内表面，并且第二聚合物膜形成所述外壁的外表面。
该构件有两个密封外层，后者通过铠装线彼此连接，铠装线加固结构构件。
有利地，铠装线利用缝合操作连接两个密封外层的第一聚合物膜，密封外层的增强织物覆盖第一聚合物膜的外侧面上的线环。
有利地，密封外层的第二聚合物膜通过增强织物的网眼粘结至第一聚合物膜，缝合环嵌入在第一聚合物膜和第二聚合物膜之间的粘合剂中。
本发明还提出一种制造根据本发明的可膨胀结构构件的方法，包括在两个聚合物膜之间的可移除实芯的两侧上放置第一聚合物膜的步骤。
有利地，该方法包括将铠装线缝合穿过由两个第一聚合物膜和实芯形成的组件的步骤。缝合步骤可选地包括添加固位线以将环保持在缝合一侧上的适当位置的步骤。铠装线的功能是对施加在结构构件的内壁上的压力提供保持力，并且保持所述壁之间的间距。
有利地，该方法还包括：
在第一聚合物膜的外侧面上放置具有间隔开的网眼的增强织物的步骤；
通过增强织物将第二聚合物膜放置并粘结在第一聚合物膜上，以确保外层密封的步骤，以及在不破坏铠装线的情况下移除实芯的步骤。
有利地，在放置第二聚合物膜之前，增强织物由缝线连接至铠装线。
根据第一实施例，构成实芯的材料是水溶性泡沫。
有利地，构成实芯的材料是淀粉基泡沫。
或者，生产根据本发明的可膨胀结构构件的方法包括在梳状物的系统的两侧上放置第一聚合物膜的步骤。
优选地，该方法包括将铠装线缝合穿过由两个第一聚合物膜和梳状物形成的组件的步骤。
有利地，该方法包括在第一聚合物膜的外侧面上放置具有间隔开的网眼的增强织物的步骤；
为了提高构件的强度，该方法有利地包括通过增强织物将第二聚合物膜放置和粘结在第一聚合物膜上的步骤，以确保外层的密封。
然后提供移除梳状物而不破坏铠装线的步骤，特别是通过朝向彼此的方向移动梳状物、然后平行于聚合物膜抽出梳状物。
有利地，在放置第二聚合物膜之前，增强织物由缝线连接至铠装线。
该方法可包括在缝合之后利用梳状物的系统将膜彼此分离的步骤。
或者，该方法可包括在缝合之前利用梳状物的系统将膜彼此分离的步骤。
附图说明
参照附图阅读本发明的非限制性的示例性实施方式的以下说明，本发明的其他特征和优点将显而易见，附图示出：
图1是根据本发明的可膨胀结构构件的示意性立体视图；
图2是根据本发明的可膨胀结构构件的分解侧视图；
图3是图2结构构件的装配的视图；
图4是图2结构构件的分解立体视图；
图5A至5C是用于根据本发明的结构构件的端接方法的示意性横截面侧视图；
图6是根据本发明的一个变形例的梳状物的系统的示意图；
图7是在图6系统上膜的布置的示意性立体视图；
图8是使用图6的梳状物的系统缝合铠装线的步骤的端视图。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本发明的柔性梁形式的结构构件的透视图，该结构构件包括两个密封外层1a、1b，它们由赋予梁刚度的铠装线40连接。
铠装线40的作用是通过局部保持恒定距离来允许结构承受内部压力。
根据该示例，当梁的内部被加压时，密封外层平行并且通过铠装线保持一段距离，但是可能根据铠装线在外层表面上的位置通过改变铠装线的长度，以产生具有凸起或压缩的梁，或产生具有变化截面或弯曲形状的梁。
图2示出该结构构件的各种构成元件。所述构件包括间隔开的图1中的两个密封外层1a、1b，以形成结构构件的外壁。每个密封外层包括第一聚合物膜10a、10b。第一聚合物膜10a、10b位于结构构件的壁内部。
密封外层还包括增强织物20a、20b，其布置在第一聚合物膜上。
为了完成密封外层，第二聚合物膜30a、30b粘结至增强织物并在梁的两侧形成外表面。
该结构提供一种用内膜和外膜包住增强织物的夹壁结构。
增强织物由合成纤维制成，如工程纤维，例如碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚合物纤维等。
特别地，其是具有二维（2D）结构的织物。
增强织物以这样的方式制成：，网眼的空隙足够大以允许内膜和外膜之间粘结，图4中示出的网眼21具有根据所述增强织物的厚度而调整的尺寸，聚合物膜的柔性和粘合剂的流动性允许第一聚合物膜和第二聚合物膜之间的粘结。
因此，根据本发明，将一个聚合物膜粘结在梁壁的内侧面上，并且将一个聚合物膜粘结在梁的外侧面上，从而将增强织物包在两个膜之间。
该结构具有以下目的：提高柔性梁的密封，因此提高其机械性能和使用寿命。
该解决方案的优点特别在于由密封外层1形成的壁上施加的内部压力均匀地分布在内膜上，因此也均匀分布在在增强织物上。此外，膜/膜粘结是完全受控的过程，并且由于与内膜的粘结，外膜分离的可能性受限。此外，该方法可以控制增强膜的厚度。
根据图2和图3，密封外层的内侧面上的聚合物膜使用缝合操作由铠装线彼此连接。
促进该缝合过程的一个解决方案是在两个聚合物膜之间放置可移除的实芯，以便限定两者之间的分离。
所述操作如下执行：
a）将多孔实芯切割至梁的尺寸；
b）如图4所示，将聚合物膜放置在芯的两个面中的每一个上；
c）如图2所示，将铠装线缝合穿过组件，加上固位线以将顶环保持在适当位置；
d）将织物放置在上聚合物膜和下聚合物膜上，织物由具有间隔开的网眼20a、20b的合成纤维制成。根据设想的用途，织物可选地由缝线连接到以前的针脚；
e）如图3所示，将第二聚合物膜30a、30b放置在增强织物的两个表面上，以确保密封，并且所述聚合物膜粘结至内侧面的聚合物膜，因为织物中存在网眼21，可将由织物分离的内聚合物膜和外聚合物膜进行粘结；
f）将实芯移除，而不破坏铠装线。
可以根据梁的使用领域，对粘结的表面积、网眼的空隙的表面积和织物的机械性能进行调整和相互适应。
用于粘结的方法与目前用于将膜粘结在一起的方法相同，或者使用粘合剂，或者通过加热/焊接。
用于实芯的材料的示例性实施方式是淀粉基水溶性泡沫。这种泡沫足够坚固，以确保在缝合的压力和粘结外聚合物膜的压力下夹芯材料不会坍塌，但也足够软以允许针穿过。
可以设想制造密封外层的其他方法，特别地，可移除实芯的解决方案的替代方案如下：在缝合之后，以与梁的厚度相等的距离连接两个面，两个内聚合物膜由梳状物的系统201、202分离，然后执行操作步骤e）。
有几种解决方案可能关闭梁：
-如图5A所示，将覆盖件61与每个边缘粘结；
-如图5B所示，将形成片状物的密封外层1a粘结在另一个密封外层1b上；
-如图5C所示，在对膜进行粘结之前，将密封外层1a、1b的端部111、112彼此粘结，可能在端部处具有缝线113。
通过端到端地组合数个这种类型的梁，可以用来制造支撑或者骨架结构，例如为了卫星的可部署结构的支持元件。
梳状物的系统的示例在图6中示意性地示出，在这种情况下，所述系统包括两个可以活动的间隙为E的梳状物201、202，并且可以沿梳齿的方向A在它们的平面内一起或单独移动。
如图7所示，在这种情况下，该方法包括将第一聚合物膜10a、10b放置在梳状物的系统的两侧上，梳状物彼此分开。
然后通过由两个第一聚合物膜10a、10b和梳状物201、202形成的组件执行缝合铠装线40的步骤。如图8所示，缝合步骤可选地包括添加固位线42以将环保持在针脚一侧上的适当位置。
梳状物的系统经设计使得梳齿或梳杆对应于针脚间距或针脚间距的倍数或因数。
或者如图所示，梳状物的系统包括两个梳状物，它们间隔开保持与可膨胀梁对应的距离，并且用铠装线绷紧的梳状物上放置的第一聚合物膜进行缝合；或者用松散的环进行缝合，首先将两个梳状物放在一起。在这种情况下，通过分离梳状物的系统的梳状物来执行将膜彼此分离的步骤，从而拉伸铠装线。
如在使用实芯的方法中，执行将具有间隔开的网眼的增强织物放置在第一聚合物膜的外侧面上的步骤，梳状物彼此分开；
为了确保外层的密封，使用与实芯的情况相同的步骤，通过增强织物将第二聚合物膜放置并粘结在第一聚合物膜上。
最后，例如通过使两个梳状物靠近，然后在平行于膜表面的方向上将它们抽出，来执行移除梳状物的系统而不破坏铠装线的步骤。
有利地，在放置第二聚合物膜之前，增强织物由缝线连接至铠装线。
由根据本发明的梁的组件组成的可膨胀机翼为膨胀的且配备有翼面致动器，用于改变机翼的空气动力学特性，使大幅度减轻无人驾驶飞机的结构的重量成为可能。
由权利要求限定的本发明不限于所示的示例，特别地，铠装线的长度及其间距可根据它们位于密封外层之间的位置而变化。

Claims (17)

1.一种多层密封外层，尤其可用于一个可膨胀的结构（100），其特征在于，包括一个第一聚合物膜（10）、布置在所述第一聚合物膜上的增强织物（20）、和一个第二聚合物膜（30），所述第二聚合物膜布置在所述增强织物上并利用粘合剂通过所述增强织物中的孔与所述第一聚合物膜粘结。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层密封外层，其中所述增强织物（20）包括网眼（21），所述网眼（21）的尺寸根据所述增强织物的厚度而调整，所述聚合物膜的柔性和所述粘合剂的流动性允许所述第一聚合物膜和第二聚合物膜（10、30）之间的粘结。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的多层密封外层，其中所述增强织物（20）由合成纤维制成。
4.包括两个如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多层密封外层的可膨胀的结构构件（100），例如可膨胀梁，所述两个密封外层间隔开以形成所述结构构件的外壁，其中每个所述密封外层的所述第一聚合物膜（10）形成所述/结构构件的外壁的内侧面，并且每个所述密封外层的所述第二聚合物膜（30）形成所述外壁的外侧面。
5.如权利要求4所述的可膨胀的结构构件，其中所述两个密封外层（1a、1b）通过铠装线（40）彼此连接，所述铠装线（40）加固所述结构构件。
6.如权利要求5所述的可膨胀的结构构件，其中所述铠装线（40）使用缝合操作连接所述两个密封外层的所述第一聚合物膜（10a、10b），所述密封外层的所述增强织物覆盖所述第一聚合物膜（10a、10b）的外侧面上的所述铠装线的环（41a、41b）。
7.如权利要求6所述的可膨胀的结构构件，其中所述密封外层的所述第二聚合物膜（30a、30b）通过所述增强织物（20a、20b）的所述网眼的空隙粘结至所述第一聚合物膜（10a、10b），所述缝合操作的环嵌入所述第一聚合物膜和第二聚合物膜之间的所述粘合剂中。
8.一种用于制造如权利要求4至7中任一项所述的可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将第一聚合物膜（10a、10b）放置在所述两个膜之间的一个可移除的实芯（50）的两侧；将具有间隔开的网眼的增强织物（20a、20b）放置在所述第一聚合物膜的所述外侧面上；
通过所述增强织物将第二聚合物膜（30a、30b）放置并粘结在所述第一聚合物膜上，以确保所述外层的密封；
移除所述实芯（50）。
9.如权利要求8所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其中所述两个密封外层（1a、1b）通过铠装线（40）彼此连接，所述铠装线（40）加固所述结构构件，所述方法包括在放置所述第一聚合物膜的所述步骤和放置所述增强织物的所述步骤之间，缝合铠装线（40）穿过由所述两个第一聚合物膜（10a、10b）和所述实芯（50）形成的组件的步骤，移除所述实芯的所述步骤在不破坏所述铠装线的情况下执行。
10.如权利要求9所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其中在放置所述第二聚合物膜（30a、30b）之前，所述增强织物（20a、20b）通过缝线连接至所述铠装线（40）。
11.如权利要求8至10中任一项所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其中构成所述实芯的材料为水溶性泡沫。
12.如权利要求11所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其中构成所述实芯的材料为淀粉基泡沫。
13.一种用于制造如权利要求4至7中任一项所述的可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将第一聚合物膜（10a、10b）放置在梳状物的系统（101、102）的两侧；将具有间隔开的网眼的增强织物（20a、20b）放置在所述第一聚合物膜的所述外侧面；通过所述增强织物将第二聚合物膜（30a、30b）放置并粘结在所述第一聚合物膜，以确保所述密封外层的密封；通过朝向彼此的方向移动所述梳状物、然后平行于所述聚合物膜抽出所述梳状物，移除所述梳状物的系统。
14.如权利要求13所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其中所述两个密封外层（1a、1b）通过铠装线（40）彼此连接，所述铠装线（40）加固所述结构构件，所述方法包括缝合铠装线（40）穿过由所述两个第一聚合物膜（10a、10b）和所述梳状物形成的所述组件的步骤；移除所述梳状物的系统的所述步骤在不破坏所述铠装线的情况下执行。
15.如权利要求14所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，其中在放置所述第二聚合物膜（30a、30b）之前，所述增强织物（20a、20b）通过缝线连接至所述铠装线（40）。
16.如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，在缝合之后，包括使用所述梳状物的系统将所述聚合物膜彼此分开的步骤。
17.如权利要求13至16中任一项所述的用于制造可膨胀的结构构件的方法，在缝合之前，包括使用所述梳状物的系统将所述聚合物膜彼此分开的步骤。
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