CN107379644A - 一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,包括将碳纤维布、热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板分别按照各自的设定尺寸剪裁,将热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次间隔排列在相邻两层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,且通过热熔胶膜将相邻两层碳纤维布热压粘接,且与第二层之后的碳纤维布的初始位置与前一层相隔2a;按照前述方法,直至将第n层碳纤维热压粘接;将各层碳纤维布之间的聚四氟乙烯板取出,横向拉伸形成碳纤维蜂窝,经浸胶处理和干燥后即可得到格孔边长为a的碳纤维蜂窝芯材。本发明采用一步法制备了碳纤维蜂窝芯材,简化了生产工序,缩短了生产周期,提高了生产效率,所得到的碳纤维蜂窝芯材耐热性、力学性能均得到提高,蜂窝结构稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蜂窝芯材的制备方法,具体地说是涉及一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法。
背景技术
蜂窝材料是在仿生学的基础上,结合天然蜂窝结构形状,采用纸、布等材料制成的具有整体呈蜂窝状的材料。以蜂窝芯材为主体的夹层材料广泛应用于航空航天、汽车等领域,用来提高强度、刚度,增强抗冲击性,减轻重量,降低噪音。常见的人造蜂窝材料有纸蜂窝、纤维布蜂窝和金属蜂窝,其中碳纤维蜂窝因其重量轻、吸能性能优秀而被广泛应用。
碳纤维蜂窝芯材通常是先用模具制出单个六边形管件,然后将各单独管件粘接在一起成蜂窝结构,该方法工序过于复杂,单管成形和粘接工作量非常大,因此有必要提供简单可行的碳纤维蜂窝芯材制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,以解决现有制备方法工艺复杂、过程繁琐的问题。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将碳纤维布、热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板分别剪裁成宽度相同、长度不同的材料:碳纤维布的长度为蜂窝芯材格孔边长a的整数倍,热熔胶膜的长度为蜂窝芯材格孔边长a,聚四氟乙烯板的长度为蜂窝芯材格孔边长a的三倍,即3a;
(2)将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布上下叠置对齐,并使热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次排布于两层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,再通过热压使热熔胶膜将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布粘接;
(3)在与第二层碳纤维布的初始位置相隔设定距离2a处设置第三层碳纤维布,并且将热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次排列在第二层碳纤维布和第三层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,再通过热压使热熔胶膜将第三层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布热压粘接;
(4)重复上述步骤得到多层碳纤维布叠层;
(5)将各层碳纤维布之间的聚四氟乙烯板取出,并将多层碳纤维布叠层沿叠放方向进行拉伸,形成截面为六边形的碳纤维蜂窝,对其进行浸胶处理,干燥后即可得到格孔边长为a的碳纤维蜂窝芯材。
热熔胶膜与聚四氟乙烯板的厚度相同,为0.04~0.25mm。
所述热熔胶膜为EVA胶膜、PA胶膜、PES胶膜和TPU胶膜中的一种;优选地,所述热熔胶膜为PA胶膜或EVA胶膜。
热压粘接的温度为110~180℃,热压时间为10~20s,压强为0.5~0.7Mpa。
步骤(5)中,所述浸胶处理过程中采用聚酰亚胺类粘接剂,优选聚酰胺酸粘接剂。
本发明所设计的制备方法制备截面为六边形的碳纤维蜂窝芯材,无需单管成形和粘接步骤,制备蜂窝的过程中也无需使用模具,简化了生产工序,缩短了生产周期,提高了生产效率。
采用本发明方法制备得到的碳纤维蜂窝芯材密度为30~60kg/m3,50%形变时压缩应力为2.0~3.0MPa,碳纤维蜂窝芯材的耐热性、力学性能均得到了提高,用于制备碳纤维蜂窝增强发泡材料时,蜂窝结构稳定,在发泡膨胀时不会破坏蜂窝结构。
附图说明
图1表示制备过程中碳纤维布、热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板的排布方式。
图2是碳纤维蜂窝芯材的结构示意图,图中,L表示蜂窝的纵向,W表示蜂窝的横向,T表示蜂窝的高度,a表示蜂窝芯材格孔边长。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,下述实施例仅作为说明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。实施例中所用试剂均可市购或通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的方法制备。下述实施例均实现了本发明的目的。
实施例1
将碳纤维布裁剪成长40cm,宽10cm的碳纤维布条;将PA胶膜裁剪成长度为2cm,宽度为10cm的长条;将聚四氟乙烯板裁剪成长度为6cm,宽度为10cm的长条,并且PA胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板的厚度均为0.04mm。将PA胶膜3和聚四氟乙烯板4依次排列在第一层碳纤维布1和第二层碳纤维布2之间(参考图1),四者在宽度方向上对齐,并且将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布通过PA胶膜热压粘接起来,其中,热压温度为180℃,热压时间为10s,压强为0.5Mpa。在与第二层碳纤维布的初始位置相隔4cm处设置第三层碳纤维布,并且将热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次间隔排列在第二层碳纤维布和第三层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,并通过PA膜将第三层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布热压粘接起来。按照前述方法,直至将第n层碳纤维热压粘接起来。将各层碳纤维布之间的聚四氟乙烯板取出,并将碳纤维布层沿叠放方向进行拉伸,形成碳纤维蜂窝,采用聚酰胺酸粘接剂对其进行浸胶处理,保持15min,然后将其取出,放入烘箱中,100℃下干燥,即可得到边长为2cm,高度为10cm的截面为六边形碳纤维蜂窝芯材(如图2所示)。
实施例2
将碳纤维布裁剪成长40cm,宽12cm的碳纤维布条;将PA胶膜裁剪成长度为3cm,宽度为12cm的长条;将聚四氟乙烯板裁剪成长度为9cm,宽度为12cm的长条,并且PA胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板的厚度均为0.25mm。将PA胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次间隔排列在第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,并且将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布通过PA胶膜热压粘接起来,其中,热压温度为150℃,热压时间为20s,压强为0.7Mpa。在与第二层碳纤维布的初始位置相隔6cm处设置第三层碳纤维布,并且将热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次间隔排列在第二层碳纤维布和第三层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,并通过PA膜将第三层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布热压粘接起来。按照前述方法,直至将第n层碳纤维热压粘接起来。将各层碳纤维布之间的聚四氟乙烯板取出,并将碳纤维布层沿叠放方向进行拉伸,形成碳纤维蜂窝,采用聚酰胺酸粘接剂对其进行浸胶处理,保持15min,然后将其取出,放入烘箱中,100℃下干燥,即可得到边长为3cm,高度为12cm的碳纤维蜂窝芯材。
实施例3
将碳纤维布裁剪成长40cm,宽15cm的碳纤维布条;将EVA胶膜裁剪成长度为2cm,宽度为15cm的长条;将聚四氟乙烯板裁剪成长度为6cm,宽度为15cm的长条,并且EVA胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板的厚度均为0.25mm。将EVA胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次间隔排列在第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,并且将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布通过EVA胶膜热压粘接起来,其中,热压温度为110℃,热压时间为10s,压强为0.7Mpa。在与第二层碳纤维布的初始位置相隔4cm处设置第三层碳纤维布,并且将热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次间隔排列在第二层碳纤维布和第三层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,并通过EVA膜将第三层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布热压粘接起来。按照前述方法,直至将第n层碳纤维热压粘接起来。将各层碳纤维布之间的聚四氟乙烯板取出,并将碳纤维布层沿叠放方向进行拉伸,形成碳纤维蜂窝,采用聚酰胺酸粘接剂对其进行浸胶处理,保持15min,然后将其取出,放入烘箱中,100℃下干燥,即可得到边长为2cm,高度为15cm的碳纤维蜂窝芯材。
对比例
将碳纤维布裁剪成长40cm,宽10cm的碳纤维布条,将碳纤维布条浸在聚酰亚胺类粘接剂中进行浸胶处理,然后将其取出,放入烘箱中,150℃下烘干,得碳纤维预浸料。
将碳纤维预浸料铺在半六边形模具上,再将另一半六边形模具对扣在碳纤维预浸料上合模,然后将整体放入热压机中进行热压,热压工艺为:温度300℃,压强为0.7MPa,保温时间为1.5h。热压结束后,待温度降至室温,脱模,即得到截面为半六边形的蜂窝子件。重复上述操作,制得一定数量的蜂窝子件,然后将蜂窝子件两两粘接,压紧,固化,得到截面为六边形的碳纤维蜂窝芯材。
将实施例1~3和对比例所制得的碳纤维蜂窝芯材进行性能测试,测试结果见表1。
表1
注:L方向表示蜂窝芯材的纵向,W方向表示蜂窝的横向,如图2所示。
应用实施例
将实施例1~3和对比例所制得的碳纤维蜂窝芯材分别用于制备聚酰亚胺发泡材料,方法为:将碳纤维蜂窝芯材放入模具中,将聚酰亚胺前聚体粉末均匀地填充在碳纤维蜂窝芯材中,再将模具放入烘箱内,在100~120℃下,发泡1.0~1.5h;然后将模具放入电阻炉中,在200℃保温0.5~1h后,升温至300℃,保温0.5~1.0h,即得到碳纤维蜂窝增强聚酰亚胺泡沫材料。
对比所制得的泡沫材料,结果发现:由实施例1~3的芯材所制备的泡沫材料中,蜂窝芯材的完整性好,且泡沫材料的力学性能好,三种泡沫材料的力学性能均可达到50%形变时压缩应力为2.6MPa,L方向剪切强度为2.2MPa,W方向剪切强度为1.6MPa;而由对比例的芯材所制备的泡沫材料中,蜂窝芯材则因泡沫膨胀而损坏,导致泡沫材料的力学性能也相对较差,50%形变时压缩应力为2.1MPa,L方向剪切强度为1.6MPa,W方向剪切强度为1.1MPa。
Claims (6)
1.一种制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将碳纤维布、热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板分别剪裁成宽度相同、长度不同的材料:碳纤维布的长度为蜂窝芯材格孔边长a的整数倍,热熔胶膜的长度为蜂窝芯材格孔边长a,聚四氟乙烯板的长度为蜂窝芯材格孔边长a的三倍,即3a;
(2)将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布上下叠置对齐,并使热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次排布于两层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,再通过热压使热熔胶膜将第一层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布粘接;
(3)在与第二层碳纤维布的初始位置相隔设定距离2a处设置第三层碳纤维布,并且将热熔胶膜和聚四氟乙烯板依次排列在第二层碳纤维布和第三层碳纤维布之间,四者在宽度方向上对齐,再通过热压使热熔胶膜将第三层碳纤维布和第二层碳纤维布热压粘接;
(4)重复上述步骤得到多层碳纤维布叠层;
(5)将各层碳纤维布之间的聚四氟乙烯板取出,并将多层碳纤维布叠层沿叠放方向进行拉伸,形成截面为六边形的碳纤维蜂窝,对其进行浸胶处理,干燥后即可得到格孔边长为a的碳纤维蜂窝芯材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,其特征在于,热熔胶膜与聚四氟乙烯板的厚度相同,为0.04~0.25mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,其特征在于,所述热熔胶膜为EVA胶膜、PA胶膜、PES胶膜和TPU胶膜中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,其特征在于,热压粘接的温度为110~180℃,热压时间为10~20s,压强为0.5~0.7Mpa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述浸胶处理过程中采用聚酰亚胺类粘接剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备碳纤维蜂窝芯材的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述粘接剂为聚酰胺酸粘接剂。
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