CN101706477B - Detector and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave - Google Patents
Detector and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN101706477B CN101706477B CN2009100731932A CN200910073193A CN101706477B CN 101706477 B CN101706477 B CN 101706477B CN 2009100731932 A CN2009100731932 A CN 2009100731932A CN 200910073193 A CN200910073193 A CN 200910073193A CN 101706477 B CN101706477 B CN 101706477B
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Abstract
The invention provides a detector and a method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, which does not need to use an acoustic couplant, to be equipped with a complex mechanical structure or a container for containing the couplant, and has simple detector structure and high precision for quantizing the size of defects. The detector consists of an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array and an electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detector, wherein the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array is connected with the electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detector by a shield line. In the invention, wheel-tyre defects are detected by electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, and high-efficiency and high-speed detection to the wheel-tyre defects can be realized. The invention realizes the detection to the wheel-tyre defects by utilizing electromagnetic ultrasonic technology, does not need to be equipped with the complex mechanical structure or the container for containing the couplant, uses an emitting and receiving probe and a receiving probe to carry out detection to the wheel-tyre defects and has high precision for quantizing the size of the deflects by double detection of an end surface reflected wave and a defect reflected wave. By the invention, the on-line detection to the wheel-tyre defects can be realized.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the electromagnetic acoustic detection technique, is a kind of pick-up unit and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave specifically.
(2) background technology
Wheel is an important components very in the train operation, not only bears the weight of train and load thereof, but also will be through partly transmitting required driving force of locomotive operation and damping force with the contacted rim of rail.Therefore, train wheel must keep good state, otherwise can have a strong impact on traffic safety.Yet, since multiple factors such as assembling is unreasonable, brake hard, long operational time, defectives such as wheel-tyre can produce after operation a period of time and abrade, peel off, crackle.At present, wheel-tyre defects detection mode is mainly divided Static Detection and detection of dynamic dual mode.Static Detection mainly comprises 3 kinds in eddy current, piezoelectric supersonic, magnetic.Though these modes can be surveyed tire tread surface and nearly surface crack to a certain extent; But there are a lot of weak points: as only accomplishing Static Detection (promptly the wheel after the dismounting being detected), need carrying out pre-service (like cleaning or magnetize), how be main etc. to the rim surface with the artificial cognition; Not only detection efficiency is very low, and erroneous judgement easily.Simultaneously; Domestic detection of dynamic (being the online detection of train wheel) of progressively rising at present; Though as can be based on the detection scheme of acceleration transducer, displacement transducer, laser sensor and ccd sensor to the geometric parameter or the scratch of train wheel, peel off equal-volume property defective and carry out on-line measurement, all can't accomplish the crack detection of wheel-tyre tread and nearly surface thereof because of the own characteristic of sensor.
Along with the construction of China's modernized railway and the requirement of train speed raising, press for a kind ofly can carry out comprehensively wheel-tyre, accurately, the efficient online pick-up unit.
Electromagnetic acoustic is a kind of new Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement.Compare with traditional piezoelectric supersonic, the electromagnetic acoustic technology need not to use acoustic couplant, need not wheel tread is carried out pre-service, and pick-up unit is simple in structure, can realize the online detection of high speed wheel-tyre defective.Electromagnet ultrasonic changer can produce various types of ultrasound waves easily simultaneously.Ultrasound wave propagation attenuation in wheel is little, and is very high to the susceptibility of defective, can realize that wheel-tyre defective ground effectively detects.For example; China's utility model patent (application number 200320111599.3; Applying date 2003.11.20) a kind of " device is hindered in railway locomotive, the on-line automatic geochemical exploration of wheel of vehicle tread " disclosed; Described failure detector is made up of several parts such as probe, front tank, computing machine and holders, can the scope of the following 15mm of wheel tread be detected; Chinese invention patent (application number: 200710176817.4; Date of application: 2007.11.5) disclose " a kind of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device and method "; This device mainly is made up of wheel tread transducer, wheel rim transducer, computing machine, pulse producer, pulse series generator, power amplifier, wave detector and mechanical hook-up etc., can detect wheel tread and nearly surface.The apparatus and method that wheel tread is detected have all been described in two applications; But owing to all adopt electromagnetic ultrasonic surface wave that wheel is detected; Therefore its sensing range only is confined under the wheel tread surface can not realize the complete detection of wheel-tyre in the certain limit.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of container, pick-up unit a kind of pick-up unit and method simple in structure, high that need not to use acoustic couplant, need not to be equipped with complex mechanical construction and splendid attire couplant based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave to the defect size quantified precision.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: described a kind of pick-up unit based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave; It is made up of electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array and electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance, and the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array connects the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance through shielding line.
The present invention also has following technical characterictic:
(1) described electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance comprises radiating circuit, receiving circuit, data acquisition circuit, microprocessor, display unit and storage unit; Radiating circuit connects microprocessor; Microprocessor connects data acquisition circuit, display unit and storage unit, and data acquisition circuit connects receiving circuit.
(2) described electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array comprises 30 groups of electromagnetic acoustic emissions, receiving transducer, and 15 groups of probes distribute on every section rail.Every group of probe comprises an electromagnetic acoustic emission receiving transducer A and an electromagnetic acoustic receiving transducer B.
A kind of detection method of the present invention based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, job step is following:
Step 1: the electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array is installed the embedding rail, and be connected with the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance;
Step 2: when wheel arrives, trigger microprocessor work and send control signal to radiating circuit, signal is the form of train of impulses, frequency 1MHz, duration 5us;
Step 3: radiating circuit drives electromagnetic ultrasonic probe A emission electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave;
Step 4: oblique incidence body wave is propagated in wheel-tyre, and when running into defective, portion of energy can reflect, and all the other can continue to propagate, and reflect when running into end face, receive through receiving transducer B again;
Step 5: the ultrasonic signal that electromagnetic ultrasonic probe receives carries out amplification filtering through receiving circuit, then by data acquisition circuit under the control of microprocessor with this signals collecting and be temporarily stored in the internal storage location of microprocessor;
Step 6: microprocessor carries out the fast digital signal Processing to collecting the electromagnetic acoustic echoed signal, extracts defect characteristic;
Step 7: microprocessor will be confirmed having or not of defective according to reflection echo signal, and its size is quantized;
Step 8: microprocessor shows result on display unit in real time; And the data storage before and after will handling is in storage unit;
Step 9: return operating procedure two.
A kind of pick-up unit and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave of the present invention detect the wheel-tyre defective through electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, can realize efficient, the detection at a high speed of wheel-tyre defective.The present invention uses the electromagnetic acoustic technology to realize the wheel-tyre defects detection; Testing process need not to use acoustic couplant, need not to be equipped with the container of complex mechanical construction and splendid attire couplant, and pick-up unit is simple in structure; Use an emission receiving transducer and a receiving transducer that the wheel-tyre defective is detected; Through end face reflection ripple and flaw echo double check, the precision that defect size is quantized is high, and the present invention can realize the online detection to the wheel-tyre defective.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a ultrasound detection synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Probe waveform synoptic diagram when Fig. 3 is a detection zero defect of the present invention;
Probe waveform synoptic diagram when Fig. 4 peels off for detection wheel tire tread of the present invention;
Probe waveform synoptic diagram when Fig. 5 has crackle for detection wheel-tyre of the present invention inside.
(5) embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1; In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2; A kind of pick-up unit of the present invention based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, it is made up of electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) and electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3), and electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) connects electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3) through shielding line.
The present invention also has following technical characterictic:
Described electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3) comprises radiating circuit (7), receiving circuit (1), data acquisition circuit (2), microprocessor (4), display unit (6) and storage unit (5); Radiating circuit (7) connects microprocessor (4); Microprocessor (4) connects data acquisition circuit (2), display unit (6) and storage unit (5), and data acquisition circuit (2) connects receiving circuit (1).
Described electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) comprises 30 groups of electromagnetic acoustic emissions, receiving transducer, and 15 groups of probes distribute on every section rail.Every group of probe comprises an electromagnetic acoustic emission receiving transducer A and an electromagnetic acoustic receiving transducer B.
A kind of detection method of the present invention based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, job step is following:
Step 1: electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) is installed the embedding rail, and be connected with electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3);
Step 2: when wheel arrives, trigger microprocessor (4) work and send control signal to radiating circuit (7), signal is the form of train of impulses, frequency 1MHz, duration 5us;
Step 3: radiating circuit (7) drives electromagnetic ultrasonic probe A emission electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave;
Step 4: oblique incidence body wave is propagated in wheel-tyre, and when running into defective, portion of energy can reflect, and all the other can continue to propagate, and reflect when running into end face, receive through receiving transducer B again;
Step 5: the ultrasonic signal that electromagnetic ultrasonic probe receives carries out amplification filtering through receiving circuit (1), then by data acquisition circuit (2) under the control of microprocessor (4) with this signals collecting and be temporarily stored in the internal storage location of microprocessor (4);
Step 6: microprocessor (4) carries out the fast digital signal Processing to collecting the electromagnetic acoustic echoed signal, extracts defect characteristic;
Step 7: microprocessor (4) will be confirmed having or not of defective according to reflection echo signal, and its size is quantized;
Step 8: microprocessor (4) is gone up result in real time at display unit (6) and is shown; And the data storage before and after will handling is in storage unit (5);
Step 9: return operating procedure two.
Embodiment 2; In conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3; The present invention a kind of pick-up unit and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, every group of described ultrasonic inspection probe is made up of ultrasonic probe A with transceiver function and the ultrasonic probe B with receiving function, has one two receipts function.The pick-up unit course of work is following: microprocessor (4) sends control signal and gives radiating circuit (7), and radiating circuit (7) drives ultrasonic probe A and sends oblique incidence body wave.Oblique incidence body wave is propagated in wheel-tyre, the about 3000m/s of velocity of propagation, and portion of energy can be launched when running into defective, and its complementary energy continues to propagate, and can reflect when running into end face.Ultrasonic probe A receives the defect reflection echo, and ultrasonic probe B receives the end face reflection echo, and ultrasound wave is as shown in Figure 2 at the wheel-tyre travel path.The ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic probe A and ultrasonic probe B receive is after receiving circuit (1) conditioning, by being temporarily stored in the internal storage location of microprocessor (4) after data acquisition circuit (2) collection.The signal that microprocessor (4) receives two probes extracts defect characteristic through the fast digital signal Processing.Microprocessor (4) will be confirmed having or not of defective according to the reflection echo signal of ultrasonic probe A; If defectiveness; To further confirm defective locations, according to the intensity of defect reflection echo and combine the size of section signal attenuation among the ultrasonic probe B that this defect size is quantized according to the flaw echo time.At last, microprocessor (4) shows result through display unit (6) in real time, and the data storage before and after will handling is in storage unit (5).
Embodiment 3; In conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5; A kind of pick-up unit and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave, described wheel-tyre on-line detection device of defects, every group of ultrasonic probe is made up of two ultrasonic probes---ultrasonic probe A and ultrasonic probe B; Wherein ultrasonic probe A not only does emission but also do reception, and ultrasonic probe B does to receive and uses.Before detecting, at first ultrasonic probe A, B are embedded rail, and utilize it that flawless wheel is detected, the record ultrasound wave amplitude that this moment, ultrasonic probe B received.When actual detected, as shown in Figure 4, when the defectiveness of wheel-tyre inside; When running into defective, ultrasound wave can reflect; Ultrasonic probe A will receive reflection echo signal, and owing to the reflection of part ultrasonic energy, the end face reflection ripple that ultrasonic probe B receives has decay simultaneously; As shown in Figure 5; Peel off, abrade when the wheel-tyre tread exists; Ultrasonic probe A will not receive reflection echo this moment, and become big owing to lift from distance, and the end face reflection signal intensity that ultrasonic probe B receives will be than peel off, have when abrading decay to a certain degree in nothing.The degree of the transmitted wave decay that the having or not of the defect reflection echoed signal that receives through measuring sonde A, intensity and binding probe B receive can quantize defect size and type.
Claims (1)
1. wheel-tyre defect detecting device based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave; It is made up of electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) and electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3), it is characterized in that: electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) connects electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3) through shielding line; Described electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting appearance (3) comprises radiating circuit (7), receiving circuit (1), data acquisition circuit (2), microprocessor (4), display unit (6) and storage unit (5); Radiating circuit (7) connects microprocessor (4); Microprocessor (4) connects data acquisition circuit (2), display unit (6) and storage unit (5), and data acquisition circuit (2) connects receiving circuit (1); Described electromagnetic ultrasonic probe array (8) comprises 30 groups of electromagnetic acoustic emissions, receiving transducer, the 15 groups of probes that distribute on every section rail, and every group of probe comprises an electromagnetic acoustic emission receiving transducer A and an electromagnetic acoustic receiving transducer B; When wheel arrives, trigger microprocessor work and send control signal to radiating circuit, signal is the form of train of impulses, frequency 1MHz, duration 5us; Radiating circuit (7) drives electromagnetic acoustic emission receiving transducer A and sends oblique incidence body wave; Oblique incidence body wave is propagated in wheel-tyre, the about 3000m/s of velocity of propagation, and portion of energy can reflect when running into defective; Its complementary energy continues to propagate; Can reflect when running into end face, electromagnetic acoustic emission receiving transducer A receives the defect reflection echo, and electromagnetic acoustic receiving transducer B receives the end face reflection echo; The ultrasonic signal that electromagnetic acoustic emission receiving transducer A and electromagnetic acoustic receiving transducer B receive is after receiving circuit (1) conditioning, by being temporarily stored in the internal storage location of microprocessor (4) after data acquisition circuit (2) collection; The signal that microprocessor (4) receives two probes extracts defect characteristic through the fast digital signal Processing; Microprocessor (4) will be confirmed having or not of defective according to the reflection echo signal that electromagnetic acoustic is launched receiving transducer A; If defectiveness; To further confirm defective locations, according to the intensity of defect reflection echo and combine the size of end face signal attenuation among the electromagnetic acoustic receiving transducer B that this defect size is quantized according to the flaw echo time; At last, microprocessor (4) shows result through display unit (6) in real time, and the data storage before and after will handling is in storage unit (5).
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| CN2009100731932A CN101706477B (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2009-11-12 | Detector and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave |
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| CN2009100731932A CN101706477B (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2009-11-12 | Detector and method based on electromagnetic ultrasonic oblique incidence body wave |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104237381A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2014-12-24 | 北京新联铁科技股份有限公司 | Steel rail flaw-detection method based on laser ultrasonic and high-speed photography image fusion |
| CN104614443B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-06-23 | 奥瑞视（北京）科技有限公司 | Rail vehicle wheel tread flat supersonic detection method and device based on boundary wave |
| CN107132282A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-05 | 北京海冬青机电设备有限公司 | The automatic detection device and method of a kind of wheel tread wheel rim electromagnetic coupled ultrasound |
| CN110702798A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2020-01-17 | 北京工业大学 | Oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on variable-angle magnetic concentrator |
| CN110672722B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2022-08-05 | 山东泰威声电信息技术有限公司 | Locomotive wheel tread defect online detection system and method based on electromagnetic ultrasound |
| CN112903159B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-09-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-scale high-speed rotation equipment residual stress measuring device based on wheeled dry coupling ultrasound |
| CN111505122A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-07 | 上海市东方海事工程技术有限公司 | Multichannel ultrasonic flaw detection signal processing system and flaw detection vehicle |
| CN114324576B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-04-14 | 武汉中誉鼎力智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for detecting dark cracks of metal plate stamping part |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 冯剑钊等.基于电磁超声的轮对踏面缺陷在线检测装置.《科技创新导报》.2009,(第30期),71-72. * |
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