CN100561214C - Portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument - Google Patents
Portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN100561214C CN100561214C CNB2006100219122A CN200610021912A CN100561214C CN 100561214 C CN100561214 C CN 100561214C CN B2006100219122 A CNB2006100219122 A CN B2006100219122A CN 200610021912 A CN200610021912 A CN 200610021912A CN 100561214 C CN100561214 C CN 100561214C
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Abstract
A kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument, the ultrasonic frequency signal that ultrasonic frequency signal generator in the main frame produces is after logic control element send power amplifier to amplify, at wheel surface and nearly surface are produced ultrasonic surface wave by electromagnet ultrasonic changer, this ultrasonic surface wave is propagated the surface along wheel, and receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back by electromagnet ultrasonic changer again; Send the amplifying unit able to programme in the main frame to amplify, be converted to digital signal, directly send memory stores and/or after digital signal processing unit is handled, send memory stores through logic control element again through logic control element again through analog to digital converter.This defectoscope can be realized disposable comprehensive covering scanning of wheel tread circumference automatically, need not treat the measuring car wheel surface during detection cleans, in detection, do not need couplant yet, the work of wheel tread defects detection can the scene of finishing simply, fast, efficiently fall, and easy to carry, especially be fit to basic unit station, section use.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention involves a kind of ultrasonic flaw detecting device, and particularly a kind of rolling stock wheel is to thread defect electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the high speed development of Chinese national economy, the travelling speed of train rises year by year.The speed-raising operation of train is had higher requirement to the train quality.Wheel as the train vitals is right, the especially scratch on tread surface and nearly surface, peel off, defective such as crackle is the big factors that jeopardizes traffic safety.Therefore need at any time wheel to be detected, particularly the defective that whether exists to wheel tread detects.This is an extremely important routine and regular work.
Traditional wheel tread defects detection mode, it is main mainly relying on manual detection, and testing result is subjective, and accuracy is lower, occurs omission easily.Existing advanced detection mode is to adopt reflectoscope.Conventional reflectoscope mainly adopts piezoelectric supersonic to detect principle, produces the Non-Destructive Testing that various mode ultrasound waves are realized the wheel tread defective.They all can't direct detection to wheel tread surface and nearly surface the defective in the shell continuously, need disintegrate at wheel under (fall to wheel) state, scanning could realize the continuous flaw detection in one week of wheel surface continuously along the surface, and can't carry out dynamic auto continuous detecting.
The piezoelectric ultrasonic detector need clean body surface to be measured in use, removes pre-service such as surperficial dirt and anticorrosive paint; After detection finishes, according to the railway relevant regulations, also must carry out aftertreatment to the surface, for example be coated with anticorrosive paint etc., its detection time is long, and supporting operation is more, and efficient is low.In testing process, in order to improve coupling efficiency, must use couplant, use for on-the-spot detection and make troubles.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument.This defectoscope can be realized disposable comprehensive covering scanning of wheel tread circumference automatically, need not treat the measuring car wheel surface during detection cleans, in detection, do not need couplant yet, the work of wheel tread defects detection can the scene of finishing simply, fast, efficiently fall, and easy to carry, especially be fit to basic unit station, section use.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument, be made up of defectoscope main frame and electromagnet ultrasonic changer two parts, its design feature is: the ultrasonic frequency signal that the ultrasonic frequency signal generator in the defectoscope main frame produces send power amplifier to amplify through logic control element; Ultrasonic frequency signal after the amplification produces ultrasonic surface wave at wheel to surface and nearly surface by electromagnet ultrasonic changer, and this ultrasonic surface wave is propagated the surface along wheel, and receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back by electromagnet ultrasonic changer again; After sending the amplifying unit amplification able to programme in the main frame, be converted to digital signal through analog to digital converter again, this digital signal is directly sent memory stores and/or send memory stores through logic control element again after digital signal processing unit is handled through logic control element.
Consisting of of electromagnet ultrasonic changer: lay magnet in the shell, the magnet end is provided with radio-frequency coil, and the outside of radio-frequency coil is equipped with the protection panel that joins with shell, and shell is provided with the Wiring port that links to each other with radio-frequency coil.
The surface of contact of described protection panel and wheel tread is an arc, and its radius-of-curvature is identical with the radius-of-curvature of wheel tread.
The shell of electromagnet ultrasonic changer is provided with handle.
Basic functional principle of the present invention and process are:
During work, with electromagnet ultrasonic changer (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers, be abbreviated as EMAT) be attached to the wheel tread surface, electromagnet ultrasonic changer is initial spike at wheel to surface generation ultrasonic surface wave under host computer control, and this wave frequency that starts is identical with the frequency that the ultrasonic frequency signal generator produces signal.This initial spike is propagated along the surface and the nearly surface of wheel tread circumferencial direction, when electromagnetic ultrasonic surface wave is propagated when a week getting back to the ultrasonic transducer place, ultrasonic transducer promptly detects and obtains an echoed signal, ultrasonic surface wave detours several weeks in the wheel circumference direction, obtain the echoed signal of a series of constant durations continuously, up to energy attenuation to surveying.By main frame is with reference to handling, can depicting the detected ultrasonic surface wave signal waveform of ultrasonic transducer curve with time.
If surface and nearly surface exist as crackle, defective such as peel off, reflection and transmission can take place at the defective end face in ultrasonic surface wave, part energy is reflected and returns along incident path, arrives ultrasonic transducers locations, forms the defect reflection echo, another part energy sees through the defective end face, after continuing along the circumferential direction to propagate a week, arrive the ultrasonic transducers locations place, form normal echo.Ultrasound wave will detour several weeks along circumferential surface, up to energy attenuation to surveying.Normal echo and defect reflection echo can be depicted ultrasonic signal according to time shaft after the amplifying unit able to programme of logic control element control amplifies, just obtain one group of squiggle that contains normal echoed signal and defect reflection echoed signal.Can draw the defective locations of wheel tread and the sizes values of defective to this squiggle by main frame analysis.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Adopt contactless harmless ultrasonic detecting technology, the ultrasound wave that produces by electromagnet ultrasonic changer automatically along wheel to the propagation of detouring of surface and nearly surperficial circumferencial direction, and according to receiving the echo waveform analysis of detouring and passing back, detect surface imperfection, thereby the disposable wheel that do not fall of realizing the wheel tread circumference automatically covers scanning comprehensively.Therefore, neither need to fall wheel and scanning continuously during detection, do not need surface of contact is carried out pre-service and aftertreatment yet, adopt electromagnetic acoustic transducing principle simultaneously, testing process is not used couplant yet.Can save time, simply, fast, finish on-the-spot wheel tread defects detection work efficiently, and easy to carry, can be at any time, everywhere to vehicle wheel to carrying out carrying out flaw detection, especially be fit to the basic unit station, section is used.
The surface of contact of described protection panel and wheel tread is an arc, and its radius-of-curvature is identical with the radius-of-curvature of wheel tread.Can make the electromagnet ultrasonic changer and the contact portion of wheel tread is that face contacts, and the two contact is good, improves the conversion efficiency of electromagnet ultrasonic changer, makes detection sensitivity higher, and testing result is more accurate.
The shell of electromagnet ultrasonic changer is provided with handle.Operation when being easy to use like this and mobile.
Above-mentioned ultrasonic frequency signal generator is a digital frequency synthesizer, by the frequency digital value of keyboard input, after digital signal processing unit is handled, sends into digital frequency synthesizer through logic control element again, produces the ultrasonic frequency signal of incoming frequency value.
Like this, the frequency of the ultrasonic surface wave that produces during detection can directly be imported by manual keyboard, and is adjustable continuously.
The frequency range of the signal that above-mentioned ultrasonic frequency signal generator produces is 200kHz～5000kHz.
Data after above-mentioned digital signal processing unit is handled also send display to show.
Above-mentioned digital signal processing unit also is provided with external interface.Conveniently send follow-up analyzing and processing equipment, carry out further analysis-by-synthesis data.
The amplifying signal of above-mentioned power amplifier after the impedance matching box coupling, send electromagnet ultrasonic changer to produce ultrasonic surface wave earlier again.
Be provided with prime amplifier in the above-mentioned electromagnet ultrasonic changer, electromagnet ultrasonic changer receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back, earlier by sending the amplifying unit able to programme in the main frame to amplify after the preposition amplification of prime amplifier again.Like this, can carry the resolution and the antijamming capability of system.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment the present invention is further described in detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Profile synoptic diagram when Fig. 2 is the work of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is that starting of the embodiment of the invention obtaining when the wheel tread zero defect involved echo curve.
Fig. 4 is that starting of the embodiment of the invention obtaining when the wheel tread defectiveness involved echo curve.
Among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4: abscissa is the time, and ordinate is to start to involve the amplitude of echo, and 34 is initial spike, and 35 is normal echo; Among Fig. 4: be the defect reflection echo in 36.
Fig. 5 is the structure for amplifying synoptic diagram of the electromagnet ultrasonic changer of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 illustrate, a kind of embodiment of the present invention is: a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument, be made up of defectoscope main frame 2 and electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1 two parts, it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic frequency signal that the ultrasonic frequency signal generator 20 in the defectoscope main frame 2 produces send power amplifier 21 to amplify through logic control element 26; Ultrasonic frequency signal after the amplification produces ultrasonic surface wave at wheel to surface and nearly surface by electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1, and this ultrasonic surface wave is propagated the surface along wheel, and receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back by electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1 again; After sending amplifying unit able to programme 27 amplifications in the main frame 2, be converted to digital signal through analog to digital converter 28 again, this digital signal is directly sent storer 29 storages and is sent storer 29 storages through logic control element 26 again after digital signal processing unit 25 is handled through logic control element 26.Also can directly send storer 29 storages, send digital signal processing unit 25 to handle through logic control element 26 more later on; Perhaps directly handle by external treatment facility by external interface 201.
This routine ultrasonic frequency signal generator 20 is a digital frequency synthesizer, by the frequency digital value of keyboard 24 inputs, sends into digital frequency synthesizer through logic control element 26, produces the ultrasonic frequency signal of incoming frequency value.
The frequency range of the signal that ultrasonic frequency signal generator 20 produces is 200kHz～5000kHz.
Data after this routine digital signal processing unit 25 is handled also send display 23 to show.Digital signal processing unit 25 also is provided with external interface 201, USB for example, and common interfaces such as COM are conveniently carried out data transmission and printing function with PC.The amplifying signal of power amplifier 21 after impedance matching box 22 couplings, send electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1 to produce ultrasonic surface wave earlier again.Be provided with prime amplifier in the electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1, electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1 receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back, earlier by sending the amplifying unit able to programme 27 in the main frame 2 to amplify after the preposition amplification of prime amplifier again.
Consisting of of this routine electromagnet ultrasonic changer 1: shell 19 is laid magnet 16; magnet 16 ends are provided with radio-frequency coil 17; the outside of radio-frequency coil 17 is equipped with the protection panel 15 that joins with shell 19, and shell 19 is provided with the Wiring port 18 that links to each other with radio-frequency coil 17.
Described protection panel 15 is an arc with the surface of contact of taking turns 4 treads, and its radius-of-curvature is identical to the radius-of-curvature of 4 treads with wheel.The wheel that detects is to different its radius-of-curvature differences, and the range of curvature radius of protection panel 15 is: 400mm～700mm.
The shell 19 of electromagnet ultrasonic changer is provided with handle 10.
When the present invention implemented in reality, electromagnet ultrasonic changer is the transceiver in the present embodiment both, also can adopt the mode that transmits and receives separation.Promptly as receiver, Receiver And Transmitter constitutes electromagnet ultrasonic changer jointly as transmitter, an electromagnetic acoustic transducing unit that receives ultrasonic echo in the electromagnetic acoustic transducing unit of an excitation ultrasound ripple.
In order to improve the accuracy of detection, during use, can measure checking choosing positions different more than two on the tread circumferencial direction, can overcome simultaneously and measure the blind area.
Electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument of the present invention adopts Digital Signal Processing, and real-time analysis detects data and writes down testing result, improves on-the-spot detection efficiency and accuracy, and can provide the management of detection data archival, historical data analysis, statistical report form, management functions such as print data.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument, be made up of defectoscope main frame (2) and electromagnet ultrasonic changer (1) two parts, it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic frequency signal that the ultrasonic frequency signal generator (20) in the defectoscope main frame (2) produces send power amplifier (21) to amplify through logic control element (26); Ultrasonic frequency signal after the amplification produces ultrasonic surface wave at wheel to (4) surface and nearly surface by electromagnet ultrasonic changer (1), this ultrasonic surface wave is propagated (4) surface along wheel, and receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back by electromagnet ultrasonic changer (1) again; After sending amplifying unit able to programme (27) amplification in the main frame (2), be converted to digital signal through analog to digital converter (28) again, this digital signal is directly sent storer (29) storage and/or send storer (29) storage through logic control element (26) again after digital signal processing unit (25) is handled through logic control element (26);
Consisting of of electromagnet ultrasonic changer (1): lay magnet (16) in the shell (19), magnet (16) end is provided with radio-frequency coil (17), the outside of radio-frequency coil (17) is equipped with the protection panel (15) that joins with shell (19), shell (19) is provided with the Wiring port (18) that links to each other with radio-frequency coil (17), and shell (19) is provided with handle (10);
Described protection panel (15) is an arc with the surface of contact of taking turns (4) tread, and its radius-of-curvature is identical to the radius-of-curvature of (4) tread with wheel.
2, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic frequency signal generator (20) is a digital frequency synthesizer, frequency digital value by keyboard (24) input, after digital signal processing unit is handled, send into digital frequency synthesizer through logic control element (26) again, produce the ultrasonic frequency signal of incoming frequency value.
3, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the frequency range of the signal that described ultrasonic frequency signal generator (20) produces is 200kHz～5000kHz.
4, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the data after described digital signal processing unit (25) is handled also send display (23) to show.
5, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described digital signal processing unit (25) also is provided with external interface (201).
6, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the amplifying signal of described power amplifier (21), after impedance matching box (22) coupling, send electromagnet ultrasonic changer (1) to produce ultrasonic surface wave more earlier.
7, a kind of portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electromagnet ultrasonic changer is provided with prime amplifier in (1), electromagnet ultrasonic changer (1) receives the ultrasonic surface echo of passing back, earlier by sending the amplifying unit able to programme (27) in the main frame (2) to amplify after the preposition amplification of prime amplifier again.
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| CNB2006100219122A CN100561214C (en) | 2006-09-22 | 2006-09-22 | Portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument |
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| CNB2006100219122A CN100561214C (en) | 2006-09-22 | 2006-09-22 | Portable rolling stock wheel tread electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument |
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| CN100561214C true CN100561214C (en) | 2009-11-18 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101639463B (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-01-19 | 北京主导时代科技有限公司 | Locomotive car wheel fault detecting device based on phased array probe |
| CN101927773B (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-06-27 | 华南理工大学 | Blind signal separation technology-based railway track safety detection system and method |
| CN102431576A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-05-02 | 成都主导科技有限责任公司 | Fault dynamic detecting and data processing method and system of wheel set |
| CN102564363B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-probe electromagnetic ultrasonic detection device and detection method for detecting wheel pedal surface defects of high-speed train |
| CN102879469A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-16 | 国家电网公司 | Flaw detection system of electric power tower important part |
| CN104614443B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-06-23 | 奥瑞视（北京）科技有限公司 | Rail vehicle wheel tread flat supersonic detection method and device based on boundary wave |
| CN106403813A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 天津立中车轮有限公司 | Comprehensive wheel detection device |
| CN106394601B (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-12-04 | 西安工程大学 | A kind of train axle state monitoring apparatus based on surface acoustic wave techniques |
| CN110672722B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2022-08-05 | 山东泰威声电信息技术有限公司 | Locomotive wheel tread defect online detection system and method based on electromagnetic ultrasound |
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