The apparent charge calibrating device that a kind of partial discharge quantity is measured
Technical field
The present invention relates to the high-tension apparatus technical field of measurement and test, particularly a kind of partial discharge quantity is measured the apparent charge calibrating device of loop calibration usefulness.
Background technology
Because the defective of insulating material itself, under operating voltage, form shelf depreciation and cause insulation ag(e)ing also even develop into puncture.Therefore detect partial discharge quantity, can compare the sensitive initial failure that reflects equipment, can be decision and taking preventive measures provides foundation, significant for the safe and stable operation of power high voltage equipment.Die shelf depreciation as one of apparatus insulated pilot project of high voltage electric appliance.And the renewal again that the revision of " measurement of partial discharge " is about to carry out along with the IEC standard, then the metering and the calibration of the test macro that partial discharge test is used have proposed requirement stricter, more careful, that upgrade.
The apparent charge calibrating device that partial discharge quantity is measured can be the calibration of measurement of partial discharge instrument and the calibration in measurement of partial discharge loop provides a calibrating device easily, makes test accuracy higher, and can improve the testing reliability of shelf depreciation.
The apparent charge calibrating device of the partial discharge quantity measurement of using at present only can be exported the following apparent charge discharge capacity of 10 variation ranges, its output calibrating signal scope 1-1000pC; The accuracy of apparent charge calibrating device is 5%-10%.Can not satisfy the accuracy requirement of present high voltage electric appliance apparatus local discharge measurement amount.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: it is that 1-10000pC, accuracy are better than ± 2% calibration partial discharge quantity signal that a kind of exportable discharge capacity is provided, and is used to calibrate the apparent charge calibrating device that local discharge test test macro and the loop verification of local discharge test are used.
For reaching above purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved, and the apparent charge calibrating device that a kind of partial discharge quantity is measured is characterized in that this calibrating device comprises:
-power supply unit S is used for alternating current is produced the 15V direct supply after rectification;
-square-wave generator U is used to produce a standard square-wave voltage U value, exports to shaping amplifying unit A;
-shaping amplifying unit A is used for the shaping of standard square-wave voltage U value is amplified;
-conversion output unit Z is used for that back standard square-wave voltage U value is amplified in shaping and converts output apparent charge value to;
Described power supply unit S output terminal links to each other with square-wave generator U, shaping amplifying unit A and conversion output unit Z respectively; Square-wave generator U, shaping amplifying unit A, conversion output unit Z are electrically connected successively mutually, realize converting the voltage signal of square-wave generator U to variable partial discharge quantity output signal.
Described conversion output unit Z comprises the converter B and the standard injection capacitor C of mutual electrical connection; Conversion output unit Z input end is arranged on converter B end.
Described square-wave generator U is a variable frequency square-wave generator, and square wave frequency is adjustable continuously between 0.22kHz-2.0kHz.
Described square-wave generator U is the fixed frequency square-wave generator, and square wave frequency is 50Hz.
Described shaping amplifying unit A takes Schmidt trigger 40106 and pliotron D882 to constitute wave shaping and power expansion circuit, and the rising edge of square wave is less than 60ns.
Described standard is injected capacitor C and is provided with 5 gears, and converter B is provided with 11 changing voltage gears, 5 gears that standard is injected capacitor C respectively with 11 changing voltage gears of converter B according to:
K apparent charge discharge capacity gear of K=mn permutation and combination method output;
Wherein, n=1~5, n is for injecting capacitor gear number; M=1~11, m is output changing voltage gear number.
The voltage gear of described converter B is respectively U
1, U
2, U
3... .U
11Its magnitude of voltage is respectively 10V, 9V, 8V, 7V, 6V, 5V, 4V, 3V, 2V, 1V, 0.1V; 5 gears that standard is injected capacitor C are respectively C
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5, its electric capacity is respectively 10pF, 20pF, 50pF, 100pF, 1000pF; Obtain the output valve of apparent charge discharge capacity 1-10000pc according to q=U * C.
Described power supply unit S adopts rectifying and wave-filtering to produce positive 15V DC voltage through three-terminal voltage-stabilizing IC7815.
The apparent charge calibrating device that partial discharge quantity of the present invention is measured produces square-wave voltage U by square-wave generator, and through one group of changing voltage transforming gear voltage, thereafter the group capacitor C that connects forms, directly output apparent charge pulse, its apparent partial discharge quantity q calculates according to formula q=U * C in calibrating device inside.The rise time of apparent charge calibrating device output pulse is at least 1ms die-away time less than 60ns, and the capacitor C of the coupling condenser of calibrating device should be less than 1/10th of sample capacitor C a.
Power supply unit 220V/50Hz AC power forms direct supply and powers to various piece after rectification, filtering, voltage stabilizing; Square-wave generator produces partly that satisfactory voltage magnitude is adjustable, magnitude of voltage known voltage square-wave signal; Standard injection capacitor is made up of the mica capacitor of one group of high stability, by the pulse signal of satisfactory, the known apparent partial discharge quantity of converting unit output.
The present invention has accuracy of measurement height, linearity wide ranges, adjustable frequency wide ranges, has the advantages such as requirement of the partial discharge quantity check of satisfying calibration instrument for measuring partial discharge and local discharge test loop simultaneously.With respect to the exportable apparent charge discharge capacity of existing apparent charge calibrating device variation range, the present invention brings up to 55 gears by 10 gears; And its exportable calibrating signal scope is brought up to 1-10000pC by 1-1000pC; Apparent charge calibrating device calibration accuracy of the present invention reaches 2%.This calibrating device square wave is stable, forward position that it is fast and wide negative edge; Wide frequency range has guaranteed the raising of accuracy, and its ingenious stepping that injects capacitor and converter has improved accuracy and scope.
The apparent charge calibrating device that this partial discharge quantity is measured can be the calibration of measurement of partial discharge instrument and the calibration in measurement of partial discharge loop provides a calibrating device easily, makes test accuracy higher, improves the testing reliability of shelf depreciation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the apparent charge calibrating device structured flowchart that partial discharge quantity is measured;
Fig. 2 is a variable square-wave generator circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is fixing square-wave generator circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 4 is shaping amplifying unit circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 5 is conversion output unit circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 6 is the power source generator circuit theory diagrams.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details, need to prove, following embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention, is not limited to practical range of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the apparent charge calibrating device of this partial discharge quantity measurement comprises: a power supply unit S is used for alternating current is produced the 15V direct supply after rectification; One square-wave generator U is used to produce a standard square-wave voltage U value, exports to shaping amplifying unit A; One shaping amplifying unit A is used for the shaping of standard square-wave voltage U value is amplified, and exports to conversion output unit Z; One conversion output unit Z is used for that back standard square-wave voltage U value is amplified in shaping and converts the output of apparent charge calibrating signal to.
The power supply unit S output terminal of this calibrating device links to each other with square-wave generator U, shaping amplifying unit A and conversion output unit Z input end respectively; Square-wave generator U, shaping amplifying unit A, conversion output unit Z are electrically connected successively mutually, realize converting the voltage signal of square-wave generator U to the partial discharge quantity output signal value.Wherein, conversion output unit Z comprises converter B and standard injection capacitor C; Conversion output unit Z input end is arranged on converter B end, and standard is injected capacitor C and is electrically connected with converter B.
Then explain concrete structure of the present invention with an embodiment, shown in Fig. 2,3, the present invention is in order to realize that frequency by 50Hz adjustable to 2kHz, adopts two kinds of selectable square wave frequency generators.A square-wave generator shown in Figure 2 is formed square-wave generator by time-base integrated circuit NE555 and peripheral element resistance thereof and electric capacity, it is a bistable multivibrator, changeable frequency, the NE555 pin: 8 connect the power source voltage Vcc end, and pin 1 connects ground GND end, 2 ends connect the trigger end, 3 ends are the square-wave voltage output terminal, and 4 ends are reset terminal, and 5 ends are the control voltage end, 6 ends are thresholding (threshold value) end, and 7 ends are discharge end; Wherein, trigger end 2 is in parallel with thresholding (threshold value) end 6 and links to each other with capacitor C, and discharge end 7 is connected the resistance R of mutual series connection
1, R
W1, R
2Between R
W1On, by changing the R that links to each other with discharge end 7
W1Can realize that square wave frequency is adjustable continuously between 0.22kHz-2.0kHz.
Its principle of work is: operating voltage is through resistance R
1, R
2Charge to capacitor C, when the capacitor C charging reaches the turnover voltage of 2 trigger ends and 6 thresholdings (threshold value) end, then time-base integrated circuit NE555 upset, capacitor C begins discharge, the voltage energizing signal that forms that goes round and begins again thus is required square-wave signal, export the subordinate unit to through circuit output end again, shaping is amplified.
Another square-wave generator is a 50Hz fixed frequency square-wave generator.Adopt high-speed comparator LM339 to realize; As shown in Figure 3, its input voltage U
InBe to form the 50Hz pulsating volage by R3 after rectification through 50Hz power frequency supply voltage, the R4 dividing potential drop obtains, when the voltage of pin 5 less than zero the time, comparator output terminal 2 output low levels, on the contrary then export high level, realize the square-wave voltage output of fixed frequency 50Hz.
Above-mentioned two kinds of square-wave generators, a square wave of realizing the 0.22kHz-2.0kHz variable frequency based on the square-wave generator of bistable trigger principle, the another kind of square wave of realizing the 50Hz fixed frequency based on the square-wave generator of a high-speed comparator principle, improved the anti-jamming capacity of 50Hz fixed frequency signal commonly used, reach the calibrating device accuracy requirement with assurance, and realized more wide band requirement (present frequency span only arrives 1.0kHz).
In order to guarantee that output pulse waveform does not produce overshoot and do not shake, must be after the formation pulse through shaping.Shown in Figure 4 is shaping amplifying unit circuit diagram; Utilize Schmidt trigger 40106 and pliotron D882 to constitute wave shaping and power expansion circuit.Trigger 40106 (comprising six independently schmitt trigger cell) the design has only used one of them unit; Its signal source is the output square wave voltage signal of two kinds of above-mentioned square-wave voltage generators in this circuit, and trigger 40106 pin 1 are input end, and pin 2 is an output terminal, and pin 14 is a positive power source terminal, and pin 7 is an earth terminal.For adapting to the amplitude of this circuit signal, the trigger input end has connected two divider resistances of R6, R7 provides voltage bias to trigger, when input signal reaches the voltage of pin 1, trigger 40106 overturns fast, pin 2 output low levels, when input signal was lower than the voltage of pin 1,2 output of pin high level was with new square wave voltage signal after the formation shaping.Capacitor C 5 is an input coupling capacitor, with the isolated DC offset voltage.New square wave voltage signal drives triode Q1 to reach the purpose of expansion output power after the shaping.Because the quick upset performance of trigger 40106, the rising edge of having realized square wave is less than 60ns.
Square-wave signal is amplified into conversion output unit Z through shaping.Conversion output unit Z injects electric capacity by resistance pressure-dividing network and standard and gear is selected to constitute, as shown in Figure 5.After square-wave signal amplifies through triode Q1, the resistance R by potential-divider network again
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5... R
11Constitute potential-divider network, can obtain the square-wave voltage value of different amplitudes, its magnitude of voltage is respectively 10V, 9V, 8V, 7V, 6V, 5V, 4V, 3V, 2V, 1V, 0.1V, and its signal is injected into standard by different gears again and injects capacitance network C
1, C
2, C
3, C
4, C
5On, its electric capacity is respectively 10,20,50,100,1000pF, will inject electric capacity and be divided into five grades, and this has just guaranteed the calibration of the shelf depreciation test loop of sample with large capacitance; And proofread and correct in the local discharge test loop of the test product of little electric capacity, and optional 10-50pF injects the electric capacity shelves, can satisfy the test loop calibration of wide region test product electric capacity.
Above-mentioned standard is injected capacitor C 5 gears is set, and converter B is provided with 11 changing voltage gears, 5 gears that standard is injected capacitor C respectively with 11 changing voltage gears of converter B according to:
K apparent charge discharge capacity gear of K=mn permutation and combination method output;
Wherein, n=1~5, n is for injecting capacitor gear number; M=1~11, m is output changing voltage gear number.
Five gear n and 11 gear m of converter B that standard injects that capacitor C is provided with carry out gear selecting according to the mode of permutation and combination respectively, can select to inject any gear of 10-1000pF of capacitor, converter B has 11 gears available, the gear of every any converter B can select 5 different standards to inject the gear of capacitor C, has 55 kinds to select the gear mode available at most.Select different electric resistance partial pressures when to inject the electric capacity of electric capacity by driving switch, then can obtain exporting shelf depreciation calibration pulse signals known, different amplitudes, select and to obtain the local output valve of charge signal from 1pC to 10000pC of high-volume calibrating by q=U * C according to the voltage gear of above-mentioned converter B and the gear of standard capacitor C.
As shown in Figure 6, power supply be input as the 220V/50Hz AC power, through power transformer T
1After the step-down, through bridge rectifier module D1 rectification, filter capacitor C1, C2 filtering, Voltage stabilizing module
MC781 5Form positive polarity 15V direct supply after the voltage stabilizing to various piece power supply as figure.
The power supply unit generator adopts rectifying and wave-filtering to produce positive 15V DC voltage through three-terminal voltage-stabilizing IC7815.
The present invention can be the calibration of measurement of partial discharge instrument and the calibration in measurement of partial discharge loop provides a calibrating device easily, makes test accuracy higher, improves the testing reliability of shelf depreciation.The accuracy of this apparent charge calibrating device is better than ± and 2%, the quantity of electric charge scope of apparent charge reaches 1-10000pC.
The present invention has that volume is little, in light weight, accuracy of measurement is high, linearity wide ranges, adjustable frequency wide ranges, satisfies simultaneously the advantages such as requirement that the partial discharge quantity in calibration instrument for measuring partial discharge and local discharge test loop is checked.
Such scheme can be realized following characteristics:
1) adopts two alternative square-wave generators, can produce frequency from 50Hz until the calibration charge pulse of 2000Hz makes it cover bandwidth.
2) adopt resistor network and capacitance network can access 1pC to the wide range output of 10000pC.
3) adopt rising edge that rational shaping circuit makes square wave less than 60ns, solved rising edge and required a fast difficult problem.
4) adopt the resistance of amplifying return circuit and high stability and capacity cell to make the output pulse signal voltage magnitude stable.