CN101690596B - Walnut powder and production method thereof - Google Patents
Walnut powder and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides walnut powder and a production method thereof; walnut kernel is peeled by high pressure water spraying, bubble water stream impact and ultrasonic wave vibration after being soaked by compound alkaline liquid, and then second-grade cold pressing is carried out to the peeled walnut kernel after the peeled walnut kernel is dried and crushed, the walnut kernel is crushed, filtered, batched and colloid-milled to be refined, and then a complex stabilizer is added in the walnut kernel to be sterilized, concentrated, homogenized and dried to obtain the walnut powder. The method has low damage degree, can effectively prevent protein denaturation and reduce alkaline liquid amount; the second-grade cold pressing technology is adopted, the denaturation degree of the protein of the walnut cake is reduced, and the walnut powder is prepared by high-pressure homogeneity and spraying drying; the visual color and luster, solubility and the content of the protein and other indexes of the product are superior to the similar products in the current market. The invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of the walnut resource, the technology is advanced, simple and practical and is easy to popularize, thereby having good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to walnut powder and production method thereof.
Background technology
The walnut converted products of present China is based on walnut kernel, and walnut kernel processing added value is low, and easy bellding is rotten under the normal temperature, is unfavorable for balanced production.Therefore, exploitation walnut deep processed product is an urgent demand of China's walnut industry development.Walnut powder is the higher walnut kernel deep processed product of nutritive value, the production technology of walnut powder mostly is the little mill of superfine powder in the market, at the bottom of big, poorly soluble, the easy precipitation of the product particle hardness of this explained hereafter, the purity, can not reach sterile production, bacterial index exceeds standard.
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of walnut powder and production method thereof are provided.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of walnut powder and production method thereof.
Walnut powder of the present invention and production method technical scheme thereof are as follows:
1. select materials: select that full, free from insect pests, nothing are gone mouldy, the walnut kernel of oil spilling not, remove walnut shell and impurity thereof;
2. decortication;
Described decortication is with containing 0.1%CaCl with walnut kernel
2Compound dipping by lye 3～5min with 0.5%NaOH, 60～63 ℃ of soaking temperatures, the consumption of compound alkali lye is 4 times of walnut kernel weight, soak the back and unite flushing decortication, ultrasonic oscillation power 〉=2000W, time 3-5min with 0.3Mpa～0.5Mpa high-pressure low-flow clear water rifle spray and in conjunction with bubble type water impact and ultrasonic oscillation triple effect;
3. centrifugal dehydration;
4. oven dry;
Described oven dry is for to put into vacuum drying chamber with blanched walnut meat, and 48～50 ℃ of temperature, pressure 0.07Mpa are dried to moisture content about 5%;
5. broken;
Described be broken for disintegrating machine will peel the oven dry walnut kernel be broken into below the granularity 0.3cm;
6. one-level cold press;
Described one-level cold press is for adopting the vertical barrel hydraulic oil press to squeeze walnut oil the walnut kernel after the fragmentation, and squeeze pressure 20Mpa, squeezing time 25～30min, oil yield are controlled at 30%～35%, obtain one-level cold press walnut cakes;
7. secondary cold press;
Described secondary cold press is that one-level cold press walnut cakes is adopted water-cooled temperature control, frequency modulation speed change screw oil extruder walnut oil, by the constant temperature self-con-tained unit oil outlet temperature is controlled at≤65～70 ℃, go out cake temperature≤67～72 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤9%～16% obtains secondary cold press walnut cakes;
Best oil outlet temperature≤65 ℃ goes out cake temperature≤67 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤16%; This moment, the walnut cakes albuminous degeneration was low, cake and oily lighter color, treating capacity height;
Walnut oil after the secondary cold press is just filtered, made elaboration cold press walnut oil after the smart filter;
8. defibrination, filtration;
Described defibrination, be filtered into secondary cold press walnut cakes is broken for the following particle of 2mm after, add water mill slurry twice, total amount of water is 9 times of secondary cold press walnut cakes weight, vibratory sieve filters then; Filtrate for later use; Filter residue is made high fiber walnut powder through vacuum drying, pulverizing;
9. batching, colloid mill refinement;
Described batching, colloid mill are refined as filtrate are dissolved good compound stabilizer quantitative the adding, are warming up to 45 ℃ to stir, and enter surge tank after the colloid mill refinement;
Described compound stabilizer addition is that each ingredients constitute filtrate percentage by weight is in the compound stabilizer: sodium ascorbate 0.01%～0.1%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.01%～0.06%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.01%～0.08%, sucrose fatty ester SE
150.01%～0.1%, tween
600.01%～0.06%; The best is: sodium ascorbate 0.07%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.03%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.02%, sucrose fatty ester SE
150.07%, tween
600.02%;
10. sterilization, concentrated;
Described sterilization, simmer down to adopt the sterilization in short-term of shell and tube sterilization machine, 72 ℃ of temperature, time 10～20s; The vacuum thickening temperature is controlled at below 63 ℃, discharging concentration 20%～26%;
45～50 ℃ of described homogenizing temperatures, pressure 30～40Mpa, twice homogeneous drop temperature is controlled at below 62 ℃.
Described drying is a spray-drying, 200～230 ℃ of EATs, 85～90 ℃ of temperature of outgoing airs.
Technical solution of the present invention is determined through test of many times, and research process is summarized as follows.
(1) the walnut powder technological process of production
1. the walnut powder main production determines
1.1 determining of walnut kernel oil expression method
Guideline of the present invention is to be raw material with the walnut kernel, adopts environmental protection and comparatively economic and practical process route, in production high-quality walnut oil, utilizes and gets the remaining accessory substance in oil back---low sex change walnut grouts deep processing, production high-quality walnut powder.
The walnut kernel oil content reaches 63%～70%, if directly powder process can only become the sauce paste, must remove a certain amount of grease could powdered.After oil is got in degreasing, because fat content reduces significantly, make the relative enrichment of protein in the grouts, content increases substantially, so the quality of the raw material grouts of the quality of high protein walnut powder and use is closely related, concerns very tight with the degreasing method for extracting oil.The method of producing low sex change walnut grouts at present mainly contains: supercritical CO
2Extraction, organic solvent extraction, physics cold-press.Organic solvent extraction has been easy to generate dissolvent residual, can bring the safety and sanitation problem." supercritical CO
2Extraction " production equipment input, operating cost be very big.Therefore with " physics cold-press " research emphasis as walnut kernel degreasing process in this problem.
1.2 the walnut powder production method determine
The production method of low sex change walnut grouts system walnut powder mainly is divided into two classes, abbreviates dry method and wet method as.
Dry process is fairly simple, is that degreasing is carried oil and obtained low sex change walnut grouts after earlier walnut kernel being sloughed kind of skin oven dry, adopts superfine communication technique that material is ground into the ultra micro powder of 10～25 μ m, makes it have certain dissolubility and dispersiveness.Since contain protein, cellulose isocolloid material in a large number in the dry walnut ultra micro powder, meeting imbibition after the rehydration, and volume often increases several times, make original particulate in water, be expanded into larger particles, cause solubility not high, easily layering, mouthfeel is more coarse.
After walnut kernel was sloughed kind of skin oven dry, oil expression obtained low sex change walnut grouts; Add water mill slurry again, filter, concentrate, make by the miniaturization homogeneous that particle reaches several μ m in the underflow, adopt the spray-drying unit to produce walnut powder then.The product particle bulk multi-hole, mobile, instant capacity is good, dissolving and be difficult for layering rapidly when reconstituting.
Therefore this project adopts wet powder-making technology.
According to above analysis, this project process route determines to adopt low-temperature physics cold-press degreasing oil expression and the low sex change walnut cakes of output, makes walnut powder as raw material with wet method again.
(2) research of walnut powder production key technology
1. walnut kernel peeling technical research
Contain higher tannin in the walnut kind skin, make slightly bitter taste of walnut kernel mouthfeel, and it and protein forms sediment composite, be regarded as anti-nutrient substance, and can reduce product quality, therefore at first will peel walnut kernel because of oxidizing brown stain.By technical research that walnut kernel is peeled, for the walnut deep processing lays the first stone.
The walnut kernel profile is uneven, and it is very difficult that the kind skin of surface attachment is removed in mechanization, the general alkali lye heat soaking that adopts of industrialization processing, clear water flushing.Parameter: 0.5-2.0%NaOH, temperature 65-95 ℃, time 3-15min commonly used in the documents and materials; Other has report: 4%Na
2CO
3And 10%Ca (OH)
295 ℃ of 3min that precook of mixed solution, running water flushing peeling, peeling rate height.Compare the decortication effect of NaOH solution and mixed liquor, mixed liquor peeling rate improves greatly, and is less to the walnut kernel quality influence.
According to report walnut protein denaturation temperatures such as Cui Li is 67 ℃, well below the denaturation temperature of general vegetable protein.Walnut protein sex change when preventing that temperature is too high is determined the dipping by lye temperature is controlled at below 63 ℃.Though the more anti-NaOH corrosion of walnut pulp parenchymal tissue, in high concentration, high temperature, in the long-time NaOH solution, also perishable damage becomes uneven, nutrition and loss of effective components are bigger, after the concentrated base method decortication difficulty protect look, so NaOH concentration should be got 0.4%-0.6%.
The result of test of many times shows, adopts merely below 63 ℃, and 0.5%NaOH solution soaks 10min, the peeling method of running water flushing then, and the decortication effect is undesirable, must cooperate the other technologies means.
1.1 different barking method comparative tests:
Experimental condition: walnut kernel is put into 63 ℃, 0.5%NaOH and is soaked 5min in sieve basket, use respectively
A. running water flushing peeling,
B.0.3-0.5Mpa high-pressure wash hydraulic giant spray peeling,
C. the water under high pressure spray combines with air-flow bubbling water wave impact in the groove
D. the water under high pressure spray shakes in conjunction with ultrasonic wave (2000W, cleaning machine)
E. the water under high pressure spray is united peeling with the impact of air-flow bubbling water wave, ultrasonic oscillation triple effect
The different decortication methods of table 1 relatively
| Purging method | Effect scoring (it is 100 minutes that manual essence is peelled off skin) |
| A | The 50-60 branch |
| B | Repeatedly spray 15-18min repeatedly, decortication effect 90 minutes |
| C | Twice 10min removed the peel 93 fens repeatedly, the residual skin of hole recess |
| D | Twice 10min removed the peel 90 fens repeatedly, and recess residual skin in hole easily comes off |
| E | Twice 10min removed the peel 97 fens repeatedly, basic Ex-all |
Experiment shows: through high-pressure low-flow clear water rifle spray and in conjunction with bubble type water impact and ultrasonic oscillation, triple effect is united the method for flushing peeling, and less to the walnut kernel degree of injury, the peeling rate reaches 97%.
1.2, carry out specific complex alkali lye test preparation for reducing of the damage of water under high pressure spray to walnut kernel:
Experimental condition: walnut kernel is put into 63 ℃, dipping by lye 5min, triple effect coupling peeling.
The compound alkali lye result of use of table 2
| Compound alkali lye | Effect |
| 0.5%NaOH | Walnut kernel is softer, and broken benevolence bits are easily impacted in the surface, cause the raw material damage, and loss is big slightly. |
| 0.5%NaOH, 0.1%Ca (OH) 2 | Alkali lye poorly dissolves, and effect is the same substantially |
| 0.5%NaOH, 0.1%CaCl 2 | Walnut kernel is more crisp, and the surface is more shock-resistant, and broken benevolence bits are few, and material loss is low |
As seen, 0.1%CaCl
2Share with 0.5%NaOH, can make the sclerosis of walnut kernel surface, it is effective to peel, and loss reduces.
2. blanched walnut meat furnace drying method research
Heated-air drying: moisture reaches at 5% o'clock stops 50-55 ℃ of dry 4-5h.
Vacuum drying: 48-52 ℃, negative pressure 0.07Mpa, about 2 hours, moisture reaches 5%.
The different furnace drying methods of table 3 blanched walnut meat relatively
| Heated-air drying | Vacuum drying | |
| Condition | 50-50℃ | 48-52 ℃, pressure 0.07Mpa |
| Drying time moisture≤5 % | 4-5h | 2 hours |
| The sense organ state | Color and luster is dark yellow brown, the easy oil impregnate of particle | Lighter color |
| Peroxide value mmol/kg | 2.10 | 0.52 |
The naked benevolence color and luster of walnut behind the hot-air seasoning is dark yellow brown, the easy oil impregnate of some particle, even have " Kazakhstan " to lose flavor.Main cause is a tannin content height in the walnut kind skin, though the mouthfeel bitterness, color and luster is bad, and certain antioxidation is arranged; Naked benevolence loses the protection of kind of skin, and Oxidation of Fat and Oils speed raises with temperature and accelerates, and general every intensification doubles for 10 ℃, and the specific area of particle is big more, the easy more oxidation of grease.
Select vacuum drying for use, drying time is short, and quality is good, and grease is difficult for oxidation, and the naked benevolence quality of oven dry decortication is good, goes out the oil quality height, lighter color, and same set of equipment also can be used to dry the filter residue that defibrination filters out, utilization rate of equipment and installations height.
3. low-temperature physics Technology in Pressing research:
3.1 the notion of cold press and scope:
The normal temperature material need not heat to steam and fry, and raw material are named " cold press " directly into the machine oil expression.For the fluid pressure type crusher, expressing process heats up few, and albumen is mutability not.Though and general screw crusher commonly used enters cold material, by the powerful extruding of screw rod, heating up acutely reaches more than 110 ℃, goes out the cake temperature at 90-100 ℃ in pressing thorax, and the grouts color and luster is obviously deepened, even burnt ripe flavor can be arranged, and it is serious to press the cake albuminous degeneration.Low-temperature physics squeezing (cold press) notion that this problem is quoted is meant that in the physical squeezing process material also should remain on lower temperature (below 72 ℃).Cold pressing (cold press) belongs to a kind of squeezing with specific (special) requirements and gets oil process, compares with traditional high temperature milling process, and its process conditions are not optimum state.The material of going into to press of cold pressing is that cell membrane destroys insufficient not through steaming the living embryo of operations such as stir-fry, and the affinity of lipid body and proteosome is still very strong in the cell; Because temperature lower (below 72 ℃), protein denaturation is not enough, and the viscosity of grease is higher, and is mobile relatively poor; The walnut kernel oil content of adding after the decortication increases, and crude fibre is few; Adopt common screw oil expeller (as ZX10 type, ZX18 type etc.) or preliminary anger press (as the ZY24 type etc.) processing, be difficult to set up suitable pressure and effective mediation oil circuit, fuel-displaced difficulty, cake is difficult to be shaped.Therefore, must there be special-purpose low temperature screw oil expeller to solve this technical barrier.
3.2 lectotype selection relatively reaches application technical research
The domestic oil equipment of cold press that is applicable to mainly contains fluid pressure type oil press and special low temperature screw oil expeller two big classes at present.
3.2.1 the vertical barrel hydraulic oil press carries out walnut kernel cold press degreasing.
Pressing method:
Select the vertical barrel hydraulic oil press for use, the walnut kernel of wrapping is put into special mould, pressurization when pressure is raised to 4MPa, begins fuel-displaced then; When pressure was raised to 10MPa-20MPa, oil went out at most; When pressure is raised to 40MPa, the walnut oil of outflow seldom, but pressure release discharge just.Adopt that hydraulic oil press cold press blanched walnut meat oil pump capacity is the highest and can only reach 40% about (25MPa, 40 minutes).
In whole oil expression process, walnut kernel does not heat, and does not have thermal denaturation.The walnut oil colours of squeezing out is shallow, bright, and the albumen consistency, is convenient to the development and use of walnut protein.
3.2.2 the low-temperature cold pressing screw oil expeller carries out walnut kernel cold press degreasing test
Select for use the domestic YZYXD type low-temperature cold pressing screw oil expeller of exploitation recently to carry out walnut kernel cold press degreasing test.These machine characteristics are oil plant access arrangements at room temperature, and different oil plants is adjustable to and carries out the squeezing of constant temperature speed change under its best pressing temperature and the rotating speed, and oil outlet temperature goes out the cake temperature less than 75 ℃ less than 70 ℃.This machine thermostatical automatic control device adopts temperature sensing device and Water Cooling Technology, realizes the process control of temperature, guarantees that oil outlet temperature is lower than 70 ℃, really reaches the low-temperature cold pressing requirement, has kept the bioactivator in the grease to greatest extent.Shaft adopts the variable frequency adjustment device, can when not destroying active material, reach best fuel-displaced effect according to oil plant character and technological requirement regulated at will rotating speed.But at the trial, find that raw walnut benevolence is directly also not all right with the squeezing of constant temperature frequency control screw oil press, raw walnut benevolence oil content is very high, and plasticity is very big, being squeezed into paste by screw rod in pressing thorax can't be fuel-displaced, and uses half defatted walnut cake effect after the hydraulic pressure cold press better.
Through overtesting, adopt two-stage cold press degreasing process:
The one-level cold press: when hydraulic pressure cold pressing expeller technological parameter is 20Mpa, 25～30min, oil pump capacity be walnut kernel heavy 30%～35%, be the best with 32%.This moment, the walnut grouts were half non-fatty phase, and grouts are loose, can directly enter the secondary cold pressing expeller.
Secondary cold press: constant temperature frequency control screw oil press
Regulate the best squeezing of realization and the effect of slagging tap by going out cake; Can regulate the height of the size and the temperature of pressure at any time according to the difference of oil plant in the startup procedure.And dispose radium-shine infrared thermometer, and detecting oil, cake temperature at any time, the acquisition test data are monitored production effect at any time quickly and easily.Maximal pressure expressed oil parameter: oil outlet temperature≤70 ℃; Go out cake temperature≤72 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤9%.
Optimize technological parameter: oil outlet temperature≤65 ℃; Go out cake temperature≤67 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤16%.This moment, the walnut cakes albuminous degeneration was low, cake and oily lighter color, treating capacity height.
4. defibrination Study on Technology:
4.1 the different quality defibrination is relatively:
Amount of water is 12 times of secondary cold press walnut cakes weight during defibrination, the normal temperature defibrination
Table 4 different quality refining effect relatively
| Running water | Handle water (electrical conductivity 35us is following) | |
| Albumen dissolution rate % | 72 | 80 |
| The slurry proterties | Look dark, concentrates the rear slurry poor stability that is heated, and is prone to the cohesion conglomeration, even lamination | Look white, is subjected to Heat stability is good, concentrates the rear slurry good fluidity. |
Employing is through first-stage reverse osmosis membrane filtration, processing water mill slurry below the electrical conductivity 35us, no matter is that the mobile everyway of protein stripping, slurries concentrated, stable, color and luster and concentrated rear slurry is much better than the running water defibrination.
4.2 the defibrination number of times is to the influence of walnut protein dissolution rate:
Research defibrination number of times is to the influence of walnut protein dissolution rate.Control total amount of water during defibrination and be secondary cold press walnut cakes weight 15 times carry out the making beating first time, filter, screenings is put in people's water again, carry out the making beating second time, filter, the gained screenings in kind carries out defibrination, filtration for the third time again, and each of gained time slurries and last last screenings are measured its protein content experimental result respectively and seen Table 5.
As shown in Table 5, the dissolution rate of the protein of pulling an oar for the first time reaches 77.06, and the dissolution rate of the protein of pulling an oar for the second time is 10.57, and the dissolution rate of the protein of pulling an oar for the third time is 2.69.With the increase of making beating number of times, the dissolution rate of protein is on a declining curve when pulling an oar at every turn.Hence one can see that, and with the increase of making beating total degree, the dissolution rate of protein increases, and the dissolution rate of secondary making beating protein is that 87.63, three making beating protein dissolution rates reach 90.32, the increase of making beating total degree, and the dissolution rate of protein increases little.Therefore, should adopt 2 making beating in the actual production,, and reduce operating cost with the dissolution rate of assurance walnut protein.
Table 5 defibrination number of times is to the influence (lab scale) of walnut protein dissolution rate
4.3 amount of water: amount of water helps the protein stripping greatly and extracts, but increases the weight of the load of follow-up enrichment process, increases energy consumption; Amount of water is few, and protein extracting ratio reduces.According to working condition, adopt defibrination twice, vibratory sieve filters, and total amount of water is decided to be 9 times of secondary cold press walnut cakes weight.
5. filter effect is regulated:
General production used the slagging-off of 140 purpose strainer filterings.Also, change different apertures filter screen, adjust the quantity of slag according to the different requirements of product, specification.
The small-bore filter screen, product yield is low, the albumen height, fiber content is low;
Otherwise then proportion of fibers improves, and product yield can improve.
6. the research of compound stabilizer application
Degreasing walnut powder plant protein content aborning is higher, and heat-coagulation easily takes place, even forms the jellied bean curd state, causes line clogging.In the instant powder of general blending type is produced, add batchings such as a large amount of white granulated sugars, maltodextrin, suppress the vegetable protein heat-coagulation, simultaneously albumen is shielded.Powder after its spray-drying can improve dissolubility in the water when reconstituting.This problem reduces other a large amount of non-walnut raw material of interpolation in order to improve degreasing walnut powder purity as far as possible, must pass through to add the quality that stabilizing agent guarantees the normal and product of production.
The effect of monomeric additive:
Sodium pyrophosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate: buffer salt, the metal-chelate mixture prevents that metal ion from influencing protein coacervation, cushioning effect improves protein solubility.
Sodium ascorbate: CKIs matter disulfide bond forms, and can reduce protein condenses.
Sucrose fatty ester SE
15: emulsifying agent, but protected protein matter reduces sex change, improves dissolubility.
Tween
60: emulsifying effectiveness is better than sucrose fatty ester, but a little peculiar smell is arranged, with the sucrose fatty ester fit applications.
By inspection information and application test, determine that the compound stabilizer addition is that each ingredients constitute filtrate percentage by weight is in the compound stabilizer: sodium ascorbate 0.01%～0.1%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.01%～0.06%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.01%～0.08%, sucrose fatty ester SE
150.01%～0.1%, tween
600.01%～0.06%;
The best is: sodium ascorbate 0.07%; Sodium pyrophosphate 0.03%; Sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.02%; Sucrose fatty ester SE
150.07%; Tween
600.02%.
7. high-pressure homogeneous operation and effect research:
7.1 homogeneous procedure arrangement
Homogeneous before concentrating, good fluidity, it is few to glue the wall amount, but some protein receptor thermojunction pieces are always arranged, and especially discharging position, and slurry treating capacity is big, and it is big that equipment drops into high power consumption.And homogeneous treating capacity minimizing after concentrating, the underflow of miniaturization is directly dusted, and for the walnut underflow of high protein high-purity mutability, adopts the dissolubility that concentrated back homogeneous dusts to be better than concentrated preceding homogeneous.
7.2 homogeneous parameter optimization
Material because the high pressure shear action produces more heat transfer, makes material temperature behind homogeneous obviously raise in homogenizing process.For preventing the walnut protein sex change, determine that the double-stage homogenization outlet temperature must not be above 62 ℃.By experiment, second homogenate optimization parameter is:
A homogeneous, 45 ℃ of chargings, pressure 30Mpa, about 52～55 ℃ of drop temperature.
Second homogenate, 50 ℃ of chargings, pressure 40Mpa, about 62 ℃ of drop temperature.
8. the drying equipment condition of underflow is to the influence of degreasing walnut micro mist solubility
Spray dryer: in pressure spray dryer on probation be the following middle-size and small-size equipment of evaporation capacity 100kg/h, the coal-fired hot-blast stove thermal source, EAT is difficult to accurate control, because device structure restriction, spray condition is difficult for observing, when variety renovation, when the slurry proterties has bigger change, fluctuation can appear in spray-dired effect.
The different spray-drying conditions of table 6 are to the influence of product
| Condition | Effect |
| Air intake 230-250 ℃ air draft 90-95 ℃ | Pink colour is dark, is prone to coke powder, and solubility is relatively poor |
| Air intake 200-230 ℃ air draft 85-90 ℃ | Pink colour is white, and solubility is higher, and moisture is qualified in the powder |
| Air intake 180-195 ℃ air draft 75-85 ℃ | Moisture easily exceeds standard in the powder |
Therefore the spray-drying condition is defined as: air intake 200-230 ℃, in the time of air draft 85-90 ℃, product solubility 95%.
The vacuum freeze drying test: with the underflow before the spray-drying, use prototype version vacuum freeze drier drying immediately, the degreasing walnut micro mist solubility of making is very good, and solubility 99-99.5% is almost the same with underflow solubility before the vacuum freeze drying.
The test explanation: the underflow drying condition is the restrictive factor that influences degreasing walnut micro mist solubility.The assay method of solubility is measured according to the method for 10.7 regulations among the GB/T 5009.46-2003.
9. the solution of handling about " three wastes "
This project has only alkali lye decortication operation to produce some spent lyes, adopts the continuous alkali of mending to use continuously when generally producing, and change every day.One ton of left and right sides of walnut kernel average generation per ton low concentration spent lye.Add the fining agent precipitation process with filtering, enter settling tank after the acid neutralization.
(3), degreasing walnut micropowder technology index
Table 7 organoleptic indicator
| Project | Requirement |
| Color and luster | Faint yellow or light brown |
| Outward appearance | Powdery or microgranular does not have caking. |
| Smell and flavour | Have the intrinsic fragrance of walnut, flavour, free from extraneous odour. |
| Impurity | The visible exogenous impurity of no twenty-twenty vision. |
Table 8 physical and chemical index
| Project | Index request |
| Moisture/(%)≤ | 5.0 |
| Protein/(%) 〉= | 35.0 |
| Fat (%)≤ | 26.0 |
| Ash content/(%)≤ | 6.5 |
| Solubility/(g/100g) 〉= | 80.0 |
| Total acid (in lactic acid)/(g/kg)≤ | 10.0 |
| Total arsenic (in As)/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 |
| Plumbous (Pb)/(mg/kg)≤ | 1.O |
| AFB1 (ug/kg)≤ | 5 |
The present invention is a raw material with the walnut grouts after extracting oil, and develops high-quality walnut powder, has realized the comprehensive utilization of petal resource, has improved added value.The present invention adopts water under high pressure spray, bubble type water impact and ultrasonic oscillation triple effect to unite the method for decortication, and little to the walnut kernel degree of injury, the peeling rate reaches more than 97%.Prevent protein denaturation effectively, reduced the alkali lye consumption.The present invention adopts the secondary cold-squeezing, has reduced walnut cakes cake protein qualitative change degree, makes walnut powder by high-pressure homogeneous, spray-drying, and every indexs such as the appearance luster of product, instant capacity, protein content all are better than the existing market like product.The technology of the present invention route is rationally advanced, and simple and direct practicality is easy to promote, and has better economic and social benefit.
Description of drawings
Figure of description is technological process of production figure of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The following examples help those skilled in the art more fully to understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
Walnut powder production method of the present invention is as follows:
1. select materials: select that full, free from insect pests, nothing are gone mouldy, the walnut kernel of oil spilling not, remove walnut shell and impurity thereof;
2. the decortication: with walnut kernel with containing 0.1%CaCl
2Compound dipping by lye 5min with 0.5%NaOH, 60～63 ℃ of soaking temperatures, the consumption of compound alkali lye is 4 times of walnut kernel weight, soak the back and unite flushing decortication, ultrasonic oscillation power 〉=2000W, time 5min with 0.3Mpa high-pressure low-flow clear water rifle spray and in conjunction with bubble type water impact and ultrasonic oscillation triple effect;
3. centrifugal dehydration: the walnut kernel after will peeling carries out centrifugal dehydration;
4. oven dry: blanched walnut meat is put into vacuum drying chamber, and 48～50 ℃ of temperature, pressure 0.07Mpa are dried to moisture content about 5%;
5. broken: as to be broken into below the granularity 0.3cm with the disintegrating machine walnut kernel of drying of will peel;
6. one-level cold press: adopt the vertical barrel hydraulic oil press to squeeze walnut oil the walnut kernel after the fragmentation, squeeze pressure 20Mpa, squeezing time 25min, oil yield is controlled at 30%, obtains one-level cold press walnut cakes;
7. secondary cold press; One-level cold press walnut cakes is adopted water-cooled temperature control, frequency modulation speed change screw oil extruder walnut oil, oil outlet temperature is controlled at temperature≤70 ℃ by the constant temperature self-con-tained unit; Go out cake temperature≤72 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤9% obtains secondary cold press walnut cakes; Walnut oil after the secondary cold press is just filtered, made elaboration cold press walnut oil after the smart filter;
8. defibrination, filtration: after secondary cold press walnut cakes is broken for the following particle of 2mm, add water mill slurry twice, total amount of water is 9 times of secondary cold press walnut cakes weight, and vibratory sieve filters then; Filtrate for later use; Filter residue is made high fiber walnut powder through vacuum drying, pulverizing;
9. batching, colloid mill refinement: filtrate is dissolved good compound stabilizer quantitative the adding, be warming up to 45 ℃ to stir, after the colloid mill refinement, enter surge tank; Described compound stabilizer addition is that each ingredients constitute filtrate percentage by weight is in the compound stabilizer: sodium ascorbate 0.07%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.03%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.02%, sucrose fatty ester SE
150.07%, tween
600.02%;
10. sterilization, concentrated: adopt the sterilization in short-term of shell and tube sterilization machine, 72 ℃ of temperature, time 10～20s; The vacuum thickening temperature is controlled at below 63 ℃, discharging concentration 20%～26%;
Embodiment 2
Walnut powder production method of the present invention is as follows:
1. select materials: select that full, free from insect pests, nothing are gone mouldy, the walnut kernel of oil spilling not, remove walnut shell and impurity thereof;
2. the decortication: with walnut kernel with containing 0.1%CaCl
2Compound dipping by lye 3min with 0.5%NaOH, 60～63 ℃ of soaking temperatures, the consumption of compound alkali lye is 4 times of walnut kernel weight, soak the back and unite flushing decortication, ultrasonic oscillation power 〉=2000W, time 3min with 0.5Mpa high-pressure low-flow clear water rifle spray and in conjunction with bubble type water impact and ultrasonic oscillation triple effect;
3. centrifugal dehydration: the walnut kernel after will peeling carries out centrifugal dehydration;
4. oven dry: blanched walnut meat is put into vacuum drying chamber, and 48～50 ℃ of temperature, pressure 0.07Mpa are dried to moisture content about 5%;
5. broken: as to be broken into below the granularity 0.3cm with the disintegrating machine walnut kernel of drying of will peel;
6. one-level cold press: adopt the vertical barrel hydraulic oil press to squeeze walnut oil the walnut kernel after the fragmentation, squeeze pressure 20Mpa, squeezing time 30min, oil yield is controlled at 35%, obtains one-level cold press walnut cakes;
7. secondary cold press: one-level cold press walnut cakes is adopted water-cooled temperature control, frequency modulation speed change screw oil extruder walnut oil, by the constant temperature self-con-tained unit oil outlet temperature is controlled at≤65 ℃, go out cake temperature≤67 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤16% obtains secondary cold press walnut cakes; This moment, the walnut cakes albuminous degeneration was low, cake and oily lighter color, treating capacity height; Walnut oil after the secondary cold press is just filtered, made elaboration cold press walnut oil after the smart filter;
8. defibrination, filtration: method is with embodiment 1;
9. batching, colloid mill refinement: filtrate is dissolved good compound stabilizer quantitative the adding, be warming up to 45 ℃ to stir, after the colloid mill refinement, enter surge tank; Described compound stabilizer addition is that each ingredients constitute filtrate percentage by weight is in the compound stabilizer: sodium ascorbate 0.05%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.02%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.04%, sucrose fatty ester SE
150.04%, tween
600.03%;
10. sterilization, concentrated: with embodiment 1;
Claims (5)
1. the production method of a walnut powder comprises following steps:
1. select materials;
2. decortication;
Described decortication is with containing 0.1%CaCl with walnut kernel
2Compound dipping by lye 3～5min with 0.5%NaOH, 60～63 ℃ of soaking temperatures, the consumption of compound alkali lye is 4 times of walnut kernel weight, soak the back and unite flushing decortication, ultrasonic oscillation power 〉=2000W, time 3-5min with 0.3Mpa～0.5Mpa high-pressure low-flow clear water rifle spray and in conjunction with bubble type water impact and ultrasonic oscillation triple effect;
3. centrifugal dehydration;
4. oven dry;
5. broken;
6. one-level cold press;
Described one-level cold press is for adopting the vertical barrel hydraulic oil press to squeeze walnut oil the walnut kernel after the fragmentation, and squeeze pressure 20Mpa, squeezing time 25～30min, oil yield are controlled at 30%～35%, obtain one-level cold press walnut cakes;
7. secondary cold press;
Described secondary cold press is that one-level cold press walnut cakes is adopted water-cooled temperature control, frequency modulation speed change screw oil extruder walnut oil, by the constant temperature self-con-tained unit oil outlet temperature is controlled at≤70 ℃, go out cake temperature≤72 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤9% obtains secondary cold press walnut cakes;
8. defibrination, filtration;
Described defibrination, be filtered into secondary cold press walnut cakes is broken for the following particle of 2mm after, add water mill slurry twice, total amount of water is 9 times of secondary cold press walnut cakes weight, vibratory sieve filters then; Filtrate for later use; Filter residue is made high fiber walnut powder through vacuum drying, pulverizing;
9. batching, colloid mill refinement;
Described batching, colloid mill are refined as filtrate are dissolved good compound stabilizer quantitative the adding, are warming up to 45 ℃ to stir, and enter surge tank after the colloid mill refinement; Described compound stabilizer addition is that each ingredients constitute filtrate percentage by weight is in the compound stabilizer: sodium ascorbate 0.01%～0.1%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.01%～0.06%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 0.01%～0.08%, sucrose fatty ester SE
150.01%～0.1%, polysorbate60 0.01%～0.06%;
10. sterilization, concentrated;
Homogeneous;
45～50 ℃ of described homogenizing temperatures, pressure 30～40Mpa, twice homogeneous drop temperature is controlled at below 62 ℃;
Described drying is a spray-drying, 200～230 ℃ of EATs, 85～90 ℃ of temperature of outgoing airs.
2. the production method of walnut powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described oven dry is for to put into vacuum drying chamber with blanched walnut meat, and 48～50 ℃ of temperature, pressure 0.07Mpa are dried to moisture content 5%.
3. the production method of walnut powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described be broken for disintegrating machine will peel the oven dry walnut kernel be broken into below the granularity 0.3cm.
4. the production method of walnut powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the fuel-displaced parameter of secondary cold press or be temperature≤65 ℃ goes out cake temperature≤67 ℃, Residual oil in the cake≤16%.
5. a walnut powder is characterized in that, processes by the described method of claim 1.
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