CN101688523B - 具有竖直轴的风力涡轮机 - Google Patents
具有竖直轴的风力涡轮机 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010023230 Joint stiffness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
- F03D80/703—Shaft bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/50—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/60—Shafts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及风力涡轮机,该风力涡轮机具有竖直涡轮轴(3)。根据本发明,该涡轮轴设置有接头(13),从而涡轮轴(3)包括上轴部(10)和下轴部(11)。本发明还涉及风力发电设备、电力干线以及该风力涡轮机的使用以产生电能。
Description
技术领域
本发明第一方面涉及具有竖直涡轮轴的风力涡轮机,并且第二方面涉及风力发电设备(wind-power unit,风力装置)。
本发明还涉及电力干线。
此外,本发明涉及所发明的风力涡轮机的使用。
背景技术
几千年来,风能的再生已为人们所知。基本上从发电机问世一直以来,人们也知道了利用风力来产生电流。
然而,风力发电难以与其他产生电能的能源在经济上成功竞争。为此,风力发电的利用长期以来仅限于局部电力供应和试验计划。尽管在最近几十年中向电力干线供应的风力发电的商业化生产已经取得相当大的发展,但其占总发电量的比重仍然非常小。
鉴于在风力中潜在可利用的大量能量,同时鉴于由其他类型的能源生产电能带来的各种缺点,为大幅提升风力发电的商业竞争力而创造机会是非常重要的。
从风力发电设备中产生电能的主要技术是基于具有水平轴的风力涡轮机的设备。也有人提出了具有竖直轴的不同类型的风力涡轮机。在这些风力涡轮机中,可能提到Savonius转子、Darrerius转子和H-转子。作为用于风力发电的H-转子的实例,参考US 6 320273以及WO 03/058059。
为了实现风力发电设备能够产生具有价格竞争力的电能,重要的是从技术和经济的角度对风力发电设备中的每个部件进行优化。
在具有竖直轴的风力涡轮机中,由于必须从涡轮机传递到发电机的扭矩以及弯曲力的影响,涡轮轴受到巨大的应力。这使得对轴的构造和尺寸有很高的要求,这就需要高的成本。
为了将这些成本保持在合理的水平,当然可以通过对尺寸限制来平衡。然而,这承担了运行干扰的风险,并且可能需要被迫设定一上限,当风力达到此上限时必须停止风力发电设备。
此外,弯曲力向下传递至风力发电设备的发电机,这导致对发电机转子的轴承座有很高的要求和/或承担伴随运行干扰的发电机轴的倾斜风险。
本发明的目的在于克服与上文提及的各种应力相关的那些问题,并且由此提供一种涡轮轴,该涡轮轴制造上更廉价,但还确保在很高的风力时可靠地运行。
发明内容
根据本发明,通过将涡轮轴设置接头从而涡轮轴由上轴部和下轴部构成的事实来实现所阐述的目的,上轴部安装在彼此远离一定距离的至少两个径向轴承中。
由于通过接头将轴分成两部分,所以仅轴的上部在最大程度上受到弯曲力。因此,从这种观点看,对轴的下部的尺寸可以要求较低,并且从而制造上更廉价。此外,通过弯曲力仅完全作用在上轴部上并且因此在很小的程度上弯曲力朝向涡轮轴的连接点向下到达风力发电设备的发电机这一事实,风力涡轮机在运行时将更可靠。
通过这种上轴部的轴承座,提供了弯曲力的稳定承载,从而接头的位置是固定的。此外,这有助于降低弯曲力对下轴部的冲击。
根据优选实施例,上轴部比下轴部短。
因此,涡轮轴的在很小的程度上受到弯曲力影响的部分会很大,这表明这种接头布置的优点变得相对明显。
就此而言,优选地,下轴部的长度是上轴部长度的5至20倍。
在大多数情况下,这是所述轴的两部分的相对长度的最佳平衡,一方面,考虑了使下轴尽可能长的优点,另一方面,上轴具有足够的长度以确保上轴的稳定轴承座。
根据另一优选实施例,上轴部和下轴部具有不同的构造,其中,上轴部构造成能够承载扭矩以及弯矩,而下轴部构造成主要(in allessentials)能够承载扭矩,并且能够承载弯矩的范围比上轴部小。
因此,充分利用了提供更廉价的涡轮轴的可能性。
根据另一优选实施例,下轴部通过第二接头与发电机轴连接。
因此,额外降低了弯曲载荷传递到发电机轴的风险。从而,涡轮轴在运行时变得更加可靠,并且可以更简单地实现轴承座。
本发明还涉及设置有根据本发明的或其中一个优选实施例的风力涡轮机的风力发电设备。
此外,根据本发明,电力干线连接至根据本发明的风力发电设备。
根据本发明的用途,该风力涡轮机用于产生电能。
本发明的风力发电站、本发明的电力干线以及本发明的方法具有与上文给出的本发明的风力涡轮机及其优选实施例对应的优点。
通过随后对本发明的有利实施例的详细描述更详细地解释本发明。
附图说明
图1是穿过风力发电设备的竖直截面图,该风力发电设备设置有根据本发明的风力涡轮机。
具体实施方式
在图1中,示出了设置在风力发电设备中的根据本发明的风力涡轮机,除了风力涡轮机以外,该风力发电设备还包括底座1和支柱2,所述支柱立在底座1上并通过锚固装置5锚固于底座1。此外,还包括发电机6。
该风力涡轮机具有竖直轴3以及带有竖直涡轮叶片4的转子。每个涡轮叶片4通过两个支撑臂9与涡轮轴连接。所示的风力涡轮机具有所谓的H-转子,但本发明当然也可应用于具有竖直轴的其他类型的风力涡轮机。
涡轮轴3包括上轴部10和下轴部11。这两部分通过能够传递扭矩的接头13合成为一体。接头13适合为万向接头(universaljoint),例如,球窝接头或万向节(cardan joint)。
上轴部10比下轴部11短很多。涡轮轴3的总长度为40m,上轴部10的长度适合为5-6m。
上轴部10安装在两个径向轴承15、16中,其中,上径向轴承15设置在支柱2的上端,而下径向轴承设置在上轴部10的靠近接头13的下端。此外,设置有推力轴承17,用于承载风力涡轮机的全部或部分重量。
优选地但不必需地,下轴部11径向安装。图中所示的实例设置有上径向轴承18和下径向轴承19。下轴部11也可设置有推力轴承20。
下轴部11与发电机轴12连接。这可以形成为刚节点,或者可以基于发电机轴12构成下轴部11的直接延伸的事实。然而,如图中所示,也形成万向型接头14的这种接头是有利的。
上轴部10和下轴部11均可适合为中空的。下轴部11被制成为具有比上轴部11薄的壁,因为下轴部在很小的程度上需要承载弯矩。对上轴部和下轴部来说,各自的轴外径也可以不同。在所示的实例中,下轴部11具有稍微大的外径。
Claims (10)
1.一种风力涡轮机,具有竖直涡轮轴(3),所述涡轮轴(3)设置有接头(13),从而所述涡轮轴(3)包括上轴部(10)和下轴部(11),其特征在于,所述上轴部(10)安装在彼此远离一定距离的至少两个径向轴承(15、16)中,所述上轴部(10)和所述下轴部(11)具有不同的构造,其中,所述上轴部(10)构造成能够承载扭矩以及弯矩,而所述下轴部(11)构造成主要能够承载扭矩,并且能够承载弯矩的范围比所述上轴部小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述上轴部(10)比所述下轴部(11)短。
3.根据权利要求2所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述下轴部(11)的长度是所述上轴部(10)的长度的5至20倍。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述下轴部通过第二接头(14)与发电机轴(12)连接。
5.一种风力发电设备,其特征在于,所述风力发电设备设置有发电机和根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的风力涡轮机。
6.根据权利要求5所述的风力发电设备,其特征在于,发电机是同步发电机。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的风力发电设备,其特征在于,所述发电机是永久磁化的。
8.根据权利要求5所述的风力发电设备,其特征在于,所述发电机与交流或直流干线连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的风力发电设备,其特征在于,所述发电机通过直流媒介与50或60Hz的干线连接。
10.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的风力涡轮机的使用,其特征在于,所述使用用于产生电能。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE07014061 | 2007-06-11 | ||
SE0701406A SE531326C2 (sv) | 2007-06-11 | 2007-06-11 | Vertikalaxlad vindturbin |
SE0701406-1 | 2007-06-11 | ||
PCT/SE2008/050691 WO2008153490A1 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-06-10 | Wind turbine with vertical axis |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101688523A CN101688523A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
CN101688523B true CN101688523B (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
Family
ID=40129961
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN2008800196043A Expired - Fee Related CN101688523B (zh) | 2007-06-11 | 2008-06-10 | 具有竖直轴的风力涡轮机 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100123317A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101688523B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0812218A2 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2461225B (zh) |
SE (1) | SE531326C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008153490A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE533998C2 (sv) * | 2009-01-21 | 2011-03-29 | Vertical Wind Ab | Vindkraftaggregat med vertikal axel understödd av en stödpelare |
US8410627B2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2013-04-02 | Stephen F. Cowap | Self orienting vertical axis wind turbine |
GB201006477D0 (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-06-02 | Wesby Philip | System and method for a vertical axis wind turbine |
TWI425145B (zh) * | 2010-11-15 | 2014-02-01 | Hiwin Mikrosystem Corp | 可自動收合葉片之垂直式風力發電機 |
JP5620941B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-11-05 | Thk株式会社 | 垂直軸型流体発電装置の回転軸装置及び垂直軸型流体発電装置 |
CN103939281B (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2017-01-11 | 苏州飞能可再生能源科技有限公司 | 低重心高效垂直轴风力机 |
PL3312416T3 (pl) * | 2016-10-24 | 2022-08-16 | Nordex Energy Spain, S.A. | Wieża turbiny wiatrowej na fundamentach |
EP3781802A2 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2021-02-24 | Kayara, Sammy | Wind-funneling for gas turbines |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4005685A1 (de) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-12-12 | Erich Herter | Windturbine |
DE4006256A1 (de) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-02-27 | Erich Herter | Windturbine |
US6320273B1 (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2001-11-20 | Otilio Nemec | Large vertical-axis variable-pitch wind turbine |
CN2506786Y (zh) * | 2001-01-15 | 2002-08-21 | 彭方柏 | 立轴双叶组风力机 |
DE20314750U1 (de) * | 2003-09-24 | 2003-12-04 | Chen, Chin-Yih | Turbinen-Windkraftanlage |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4130380A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1978-12-19 | Kaiser Heinz W | Wind powered turbine and airfoil construction |
US4403916A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1983-09-13 | Chicago Province Of The Society Of Jesus | Wind turbines |
US4456429A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1984-06-26 | Kelland Robert E | Wind turbine |
US6379115B1 (en) * | 1999-08-02 | 2002-04-30 | Tetsuo Hirai | Windmill and windmill control method |
SE525387C2 (sv) * | 2002-01-10 | 2005-02-08 | Swedish Vertical Wind Ab | Vertikalaxlat vindkraftaggregat och användning av detsamma |
US7118341B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2006-10-10 | Delbert Lee Hartman | Self adjusting sail vertical shaft windmill |
-
2007
- 2007-06-11 SE SE0701406A patent/SE531326C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-06-10 BR BRPI0812218-0A2A patent/BRPI0812218A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-10 CN CN2008800196043A patent/CN101688523B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-10 WO PCT/SE2008/050691 patent/WO2008153490A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-10 GB GB0919457.2A patent/GB2461225B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-06 US US12/451,981 patent/US20100123317A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4005685A1 (de) * | 1990-02-23 | 1991-12-12 | Erich Herter | Windturbine |
DE4006256A1 (de) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-02-27 | Erich Herter | Windturbine |
US6320273B1 (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2001-11-20 | Otilio Nemec | Large vertical-axis variable-pitch wind turbine |
CN2506786Y (zh) * | 2001-01-15 | 2002-08-21 | 彭方柏 | 立轴双叶组风力机 |
DE20314750U1 (de) * | 2003-09-24 | 2003-12-04 | Chen, Chin-Yih | Turbinen-Windkraftanlage |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2461225B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
US20100123317A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
CN101688523A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
SE531326C2 (sv) | 2009-02-24 |
GB2461225A (en) | 2009-12-30 |
GB0919457D0 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
BRPI0812218A2 (pt) | 2014-12-16 |
WO2008153490A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
SE0701406L (sv) | 2008-12-12 |
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