CN101687453B - 具有完全一体臂的引导臂和拖臂悬架 - Google Patents

具有完全一体臂的引导臂和拖臂悬架 Download PDF

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CN101687453B
CN101687453B CN2008800107478A CN200880010747A CN101687453B CN 101687453 B CN101687453 B CN 101687453B CN 2008800107478 A CN2008800107478 A CN 2008800107478A CN 200880010747 A CN200880010747 A CN 200880010747A CN 101687453 B CN101687453 B CN 101687453B
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vehicle
hole
vehicle bridge
arm
suspension system
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CN101687453A (zh
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A·T·杜丁
小鲁道夫·罗萨莱斯
J·L·科尔特斯
J·M·洛维特
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Hendrickson USA LLC
Hendrickson International Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G9/00—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G9/00—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels
    • B60G9/003—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels the axle being rigidly connected to a trailing guiding device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/08—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque of closed hollow section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/02—Attaching arms to sprung part of vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D3/00—Steering gears
    • B62D3/02—Steering gears mechanical
    • B62D3/12—Steering gears mechanical of rack-and-pinion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/30—Rigid axle suspensions
    • B60G2200/31—Rigid axle suspensions with two trailing arms rigidly connected to the axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
    • B60G2200/44—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions steerable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/148—Mounting of suspension arms on the unsprung part of the vehicle, e.g. wheel knuckle or rigid axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/44—Centering or positioning means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/44—Centering or positioning means
    • B60G2204/4402—Spacers or shims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/20—Constructional features of semi-rigid axles, e.g. twist beam type axles
    • B60G2206/201—Constructional features of semi-rigid axles, e.g. twist beam type axles with detachable cross beam and/or torsion stabiliser bar/tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/30—Constructional features of rigid axles
    • B60G2206/32—Hollow cross section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/80—Manufacturing procedures
    • B60G2206/82—Joining
    • B60G2206/8207—Joining by screwing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种引导臂或拖臂车辆悬架系统，包括装配式车桥和完全一体的梁铸件，所述梁铸件提供了控制车桥转动的抗弯刚度并提供了控制车桥位置的纵向刚度。所述梁铸件通过长螺栓连接件而连接于所述车桥。所述梁铸件包括齿条齿轮安装连接孔且还包括提供将负载有效传递给所述车桥的其它内在特征。

Description

具有完全一体臂的引导臂和拖臂悬架
技术领域
概括而言，本发明涉及引导臂及拖臂车辆悬架系统类型。更具体而言，本发明涉及这样的悬架系统，其具有将装配式车桥连接于车架吊架上的纵向延伸梁。
背景技术
前拖臂车辆悬架系统已知晓。这种悬架典型地具有纵向延伸梁或臂，所述梁或臂典型地通过车桥座或其它中间悬架部件而于近端枢转连接于车架吊架并于远端大体刚性连接于车桥。所述梁或臂典型地提供了控制车桥转动的抗弯刚度并提供了控制车桥位置的纵向刚度。正如在此采用的，术语梁和臂可以相互使用，但是应理解为呈现本段内所表述的特性。
引导臂车辆悬架系统为那些类型的悬架，其中车桥定位于车架吊架之前。这种悬架典型地用在车辆的前转向轴上。拖臂车辆悬架系统为那些类型的悬架，其中车桥定位于车架吊架之后。这种悬架典型地用在车辆的后驱动轴上。
发明内容
尽管现有前拖臂车辆悬架系统已经足以满足某些目的，但是它们依然缺乏一些采用本发明实施方式可获得的优点。这些优点中的许多已在此清楚地予以说明，而其它优点对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是非常明了的。
本发明获得的一个优点是在引导臂或拖臂悬架系统中采用引导臂梁或拖臂梁，其中，所述梁通过耐用的长螺栓连接件而直接连接于具有中空箱形横截面的装配式车桥上。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁构造成允许齿条齿轮安装于其上且具有加工穿过所述梁的齿条齿轮连接孔。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁构造成允许横向扭矩杆托架安装于其上并具有加工穿过所述梁的扭矩杆托架连接孔。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁构造成具有包括在所述梁铸件中的横向扭矩杆连接件。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁构造成允许减震器安装于其上且具有加工穿过所述梁的减震器连接孔。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁构造成允许空气弹簧连接于其上且具有加工穿过所述梁的空气弹簧连接孔。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁减少了悬架系统的重量、部件数量、组装时间以及组装件的复杂性。
本发明获得的另一个优点是采用了这样的梁，即所述梁减少了失效模式并提高了产品的一体性。
本发明获得的另一个优点在于这样的能力，即通过对梁和将梁连接于与梁相关的车架吊架上的套管之间的顺从性(compliance)进行优化来调节悬架的侧翻刚度。
从下面的说明中，本发明优选形式的这些和其它优点将变得清楚明了。然而，将理解的是，一装置尽管未呈现这些优点(包括从下面说明书中所拾穗到的那些优点)的各个或每一个优点，但依然与在此主张的本发明相称。随附权利要求限定了本发明的主题，而不是在此重复或隐含的任何优点来限定本发明的主题。任一和所有优点均源自本发明的优选形式，而未必源自发明的一般形式。
本发明涉及一种拖臂或引导臂车辆悬架系统。车桥横跨车辆中心线延伸。所述车桥具有中空截面且还具有从所述截面的第一壁至所述截面的第二壁延伸的套筒。所述梁连接于所述车桥，并大体横向于所述车桥的方向延伸。所述梁压配到所述车桥上并围绕所述车桥缠绕。所述梁具有第一孔和第二孔，所述第一孔与所述套筒对准并定位成邻近所述截面的所述第一壁，而所述第二孔与所述套筒对准并定位成邻近所述截面的所述第二壁。螺栓延伸穿过所述梁的所述第一孔、所述车桥的所述套筒、以及所述梁的所述第二孔，以将所述梁紧固到所述车桥上。
本发明还涉及这样的车辆悬架系统，即所述车辆悬架系统具有带齿条齿轮连接安装孔的梁。
另外，可通过本发明来获得其它内在特征。
附图说明
在下面的详细说明中，将频繁地参照下列附图，在附图中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，而且在附图中：
图1是依据本发明原理构建的拖臂悬架系统的透视图；
图2是图1所示悬架系统的部分剖视图；
图3是图1所示悬架系统的另一透视图；
图4是图1所示悬架系统的第一侧视图；
图5是图1所示悬架系统的第二侧视图；
图6是依据本发明原理构建的引导臂悬架系统的第一侧视图；
图7是图6所示悬架系统的第二侧视图；
图8是图7所示悬架系统的透视图；
图9是图7悬架系统的透视图并示出了其它部件；以及
图10是图7所示悬架系统的透视图并示出了修改的部件。
具体实施方式
图1至图5示出了具有拖臂型悬架30的车辆的某些车辆构件。装配式车桥32示出在图1中。装配式车桥32大体横向从一侧到另一侧延伸跨过车辆中心线。连接在装配式车桥32的相对端的是一对联动转向节34。所述转向节34通过主销(未示出)以公知方式枢转连接于装配式车桥32的相应鹅颈端35。对于与装配式车桥32和转向节34有关的细节的进一步的信息，读者可查阅美国专利US6,609,764(Dudding等人)、以及美国专利US 6,616,156(Dudding等人)。虽然已在这两个专利公布中进行了完整描述，但是本领域普通技术人员可获得并知晓装配式车桥32和转向节34的细节，且在此不必详述这些细节。然而，美国专利US 6,609,764(Dudding等人)在此通过援引而合并于此。类似地，美国专利US 6,616,156(Dudding)在此通过援引而合并于此。装配式车桥32具有箱形截面，以提供高的侧翻稳定性。
图1还示出了两个纵向延伸臂36，其压配到装配式车桥32上并用螺栓穿过装配式车桥32来固定。所述梁36优选地为铝铸件或球墨铸铁件、并且为套装在装配式车桥32上的完全一体结构。该结构对于成本及重量以及易于制造而言是非常有效的。各梁36包括位于其近端的用于容置套管并将所述梁连接于车架吊架上的套管容置孔38。各梁36在后式构型中从车架吊架向后纵向延伸至并越过装配式车桥32。在各梁36如此进行延伸时，所述各梁在其初始段具有一致的宽度、随后在一位置处开始逐渐连续加宽直到邻近所述装配式车桥的大体最大宽度。当所述梁越过所述装配式车桥时，所述梁为平板状结构。在这种结构中，在各梁36上具有外伸突起，且随后所述各梁的宽度渐小到其最小尺寸。本领域的普通技术人员将明白，可按照需要采用不同形状的梁36。梁36提供了控制车桥转动的抗弯刚度并提供了控制车桥位置的纵向刚度。
各梁36包括大体平顶面40，大体平顶面40加工成包括一对齿条齿轮安装孔42、定位在前述外伸突起内的减震器安装孔44、空气弹簧安装孔46、以及横向扭矩杆托架安装孔48。这些内在特征允许将与所连悬架部件相关的各负载有效地传递到装配式车桥32上。齿条齿轮安装孔42提供了车辆齿条齿轮转向系统的精确安装。
图2示出了梁36与装配式车桥32的长螺栓连接。如所示，装配式车桥32包括公知底板，所述公知底板具有焊接到其上的倒U型元件。在所述倒U型元件内，装配式车桥32包括套管50，套管50设计成以大体紧配合关系容置螺栓52的杆。因为各梁36缠绕在装配式车桥32的倒U型元件周围，所以各梁包括位于车桥末端侧的包板(wrap plate)54。包板54包括两个孔，所述两个孔与延伸穿过装配式车桥32的倒U型元件的套管50对准。螺栓52插入穿过包板52内的所述两个孔、穿过套管50、并穿过于车桥包部的近端形成的支承面中加工出的孔。梁36内外侧上的纵向延伸槽形成这些支承面，由此允许螺母55紧固于螺栓52。
图3示出了与梁36连接的齿条齿轮转向系统60。在所示出的实施方式中，通过采用将所述齿条齿轮系统固定到所述梁的齿条齿轮安装孔42中的紧固件62，来连接齿条齿轮转向系统60。
图4和图5示出了与车架滑轨65连接的拖臂悬架30，所述车架滑轨65具有公知结构并沿着车辆的各侧纵向延伸。各车架滑轨65包括车架吊架66，车架吊架66连接于所述各车架滑轨65上、并向下延伸预定距离而使梁36与车架吊架66连接。尤其是，插入到梁36内的套管容置孔38中的套管68提供了所述梁与车架吊架66之间的连接。图4示出了拖臂构型，其中齿条齿轮转向系统未安装于所述梁；而图5示出了同样的构型，但是同时齿条齿轮转向系统以图3所示的方式安装于所述梁。
图6至图10示出了具有引导臂型悬架130的车辆的某些车辆部件。图6和图7示出了引导臂悬架130，引导臂悬架130经由连接于其上的车架吊架66而连接于车架滑轨65上。套管68插入到梁136的套管容置孔138中，以提供所述梁和车架吊架66之间的连接。图6示出了引导臂构型，其中齿条齿轮转向系统未安装于梁136；而图7示出了同样的构型，但是同时齿条齿轮转向系统60安装于所述梁。
图8使出了装配式车桥32，其横跨车辆延伸并具有枢转连接于其端部的转向节34。两个纵向延伸梁136压配到装配式车桥32上并用螺栓穿过装配式车桥32来固定。各梁136包括位于其近端处的套管容置孔138。各梁136在前式构型中从车架吊架至并越过装配式车桥32而纵向向前延伸。本领域的普通技术人员将晓得，除了所示出的形状中之外，可按需要采用不同形状的梁136。梁136提供了控制车桥转动的抗弯刚度并提供了控制车桥位置的纵向刚度。
齿条齿轮安装孔142包括在梁136的于车架吊架和装配式车桥之间延伸的下凸缘部内。如此，在该实施方式中，利用齿条齿轮安装螺栓将齿条齿轮转向系统60紧固到车架吊架和车桥之间的梁136上，如所示。齿条齿轮安装孔142提供了车辆齿条齿轮转向系统的精确安装。将意识到的是，这种构型也可用在拖臂构型中。同样地，图1至图5所示的用于安装齿条齿轮转向系统的相应结构可用在引导臂构型中，并且可采用图8所示的齿条齿轮安装孔42。
各梁136也包括大体平顶面140，大体平顶面140加工成具有减震器安装孔44、空气弹簧安装孔46、以及横向扭矩杆托架安装孔48。梁136也具有与示出于并参照图2来说明的针对装配式车桥32的长螺栓件相同的长螺栓件。
图9示出了梁136，其具有紧固于其上的横向扭杆托架170。在共同的构型中，横向扭杆托架170具有两个联动突耳，各联动突耳均具有加工贯穿其的孔。这些孔同轴对准，以允许连接车辆扭矩杆(未示出)。
图10示出了梁236，其具有包括在所述梁铸件中的横向扭矩杆连接件237。该连接件具有与图9所示的托架相类似的突耳。将意识到的是，图9所示的托架和图10所示的连接件均可以用在拖臂构型中。
虽然已参照若干示范性实施方式说明了本发明，当然不应在有限范围内解释该说明。而是，在不脱离后续权利要求所限定的本发明的本质精神和范围内，可对所述示范性实施方式进行各种改型和修改。此外，将意识到的是，任何改变和修改将被本领域普通技术人员视为是后续权利要求引用的一个或一个以上元件的等同物，且将由这些权利要求覆盖至法律所允许的最大程度。

Claims (3)

1.一种拖臂或引导臂车辆悬架系统，包括：
车桥，所述车桥横跨车辆中心线延伸，所述车桥是装配式的并且具有中空截面，并进一步构造成具有从所述截面的第一壁至所述截面的第二壁延伸的套筒；
连接在车桥的相对端的一对转向节；
梁，所述梁具有平顶面以及齿条齿轮连接安装孔、扭矩杆托架连接安装孔、减震器连接安装孔或空气弹簧连接安装孔，所述梁连接于所述车桥，并横向于所述车桥的方向而延伸，所述梁压配到所述车桥上并围绕所述车桥缠绕，所述梁具有第一孔和第二孔，所述第一孔与所述套筒对准并定位成邻近所述截面的所述第一壁，所述第二孔与所述套筒对准并定位成邻近所述截面的所述第二壁；
螺栓，所述螺栓延伸穿过所述梁的所述第一孔、所述车桥的所述套筒、以及所述梁的所述第二孔，以将所述梁紧固到所述车桥上。
2.如权利要求1所述的拖臂或引导臂车辆悬架系统，其中，所述梁具有形成为所述梁的一部分的扭矩杆安装座。
3.如权利要求1所述的拖臂或引导臂车辆悬架系统，其中，所述齿条齿轮连接安装孔为一齿条齿轮转向系统提供精确安装，以使得所述齿条齿轮转向系统通过紧固件连接至所述梁。
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