CN101675225A - 燃气轮机设备 - Google Patents

燃气轮机设备 Download PDF

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CN101675225A
CN101675225A CN200880014071A CN200880014071A CN101675225A CN 101675225 A CN101675225 A CN 101675225A CN 200880014071 A CN200880014071 A CN 200880014071A CN 200880014071 A CN200880014071 A CN 200880014071A CN 101675225 A CN101675225 A CN 101675225A
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fuel
gas
oil
heat exchanger
turbine engine
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L·M·邦达连科
O·A·格里沙诺夫
S·M·伊格纳奇科夫
V·S·科索夫
E·I·涅斯捷罗夫
D·G·费多尔琴科
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OPEN JOINT STOCK Co RUSSI
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/224—Heating fuel before feeding to the burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C5/00—Locomotives or motor railcars with IC engines or gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/02—Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/20—Lubricating arrangements using lubrication pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/20—Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for driving vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/06—Arrangements of bearings; Lubricating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/213—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种燃气轮机设备，其燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的油系统被设计成独立可调流动回路的形式，每个回路都包括燃料－油换热器(10，11)，其冷却介质是低温气体燃料的形式，所述回路还包括输送泵(12，13)和油箱(14，15)。燃料－油换热器的冷却腔在其输入侧处与燃料供应和调节装置(8)相连，且在其输出侧与布置在燃气轮机发动机套筒(7)中的燃料加热器相连。本发明使得可以设计出具有小尺寸、油冷和燃料加热系统的低消耗燃气轮机设备。

Description

燃气轮机设备
技术领域
本发明涉及使用于燃气轮机机车、移动和固定发电设备中的燃气轮机设备领域，并且其特征在于低温气体燃料的使用。
背景技术
公知一种用于两单元燃气轮机机车的燃气轮机设备(GTP)，该机车具有用于液体重油燃料的服务车(tender)。这种公知的燃气轮机设备包括：具有轴向压缩机的燃气轮机发动机(GTE)，其中该压缩机通过减速传动装置驱动交流发电机(致动单元)；用于GTE的空气处理装置；具有燃烧室的燃料系统；燃料加热器；将燃烧室与服务车燃料箱相连的燃料管线；用于润滑GTE和交流发电机(致动单元)的摩擦单元的润滑系统，该润滑系统包括水-油换热器、供应泵和油箱。水-油换热器中的油通过经软管来自第二机车单元的水来冷却，在此处，其温度被柴油机车类的制冷机来降低。[1]
此燃气轮机设备的几个缺点在于：
-用于GTE和交流发电机的润滑油通过布置在另一机车单元中的用于燃气轮机机车辅助柴油发电机组的制冷机来冷却，这使单元之间的管线设计更复杂，且可靠性降低(尤其是在冬天)；
-需要额外的动力来驱动风扇以冷却润滑油；
-通过润滑油从燃气轮机发动机和交流发电机(致动单元)的摩擦单元中排出的热量被损失掉了。
还公知一些燃气轮机气体压缩机单元的GTP，其中通常使用空气-油或水-油冷却器(换热器)来作为油冷却器；在这种情况下，几种类型的单元包括安装在GTP空气进入管中的油冷却器，且空气穿过它们到发动机压缩机输出处。[2]
此设计的几个缺点在于：
-在此设计中，在压缩机之前的空气的温度升高3-5℃，这降低了GTP功率和效率；
-在换热器中存在热量的损失，该热量通过油从燃气轮机发动机和致动单元(泵)中的摩擦单元处排出。
还公知一些GTP，其中冷却空气由电扇通过油冷却器来供应。[2]
这些GTP的缺点在于，对于购买具有控制系统的电扇的需求增加，且需要用于它们的动力消耗的额外费用。
另外，已知的这些GTP设计中的特征在于换热器中的热量损失，所述热量通过油从燃气轮发动机和致动单元(泵)的摩擦单元中排出。
还公知一种用于喷射式燃气轮机机车的燃气轮机设备，其包括：涡轮喷射式燃气轮机发动机，该发动机以低温气体燃料来工作；用于此发动机的压缩机，其输入通道具有空气进口；空气清洁装置(空气处理装置)；双燃料燃烧室；液化气体的换热器-气化器(燃料加热器)，该液化气体通过来自燃气轮机发动机的热气体来加热；用于供应气体燃料以及用于自动控制的系统单元(装置)。[3]
此设备的几个缺点在于：
-热量没有得到使用，该热量通过油从燃气轮机发动机的摩擦单元处排出；
-仅由来自燃气轮机发动机的热气体在换热器(燃料加热器)中进行液化气体的加热和气化，这需要很大尺寸的换热器。
发明内容
本发明的目的和技术效果在于提供具有紧凑油冷系统和燃料加热器的有效燃气轮机设备。
该一目的和技术效果通过一种燃气轮机设备来实现，其包括：具有压缩机的燃气轮机发动机，其以低温气体燃料来工作并驱动致动单元；用于燃气轮机发动机的气体处理装置；具有燃烧室的燃料系统；安装在燃气轮机发动机的排出管中的燃料加热器；用于供应和控制燃料的装置，燃料管线从存储低温气体燃料的存储器连接到该装置，且该装置通过燃料管线直接与燃烧室相连以及通过燃料管线经燃料加热器与燃烧室相连；用于燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的摩擦单元的润滑系统，该润滑系统包括油冷换热器、供应泵和油箱，其中，所述设备的油冷换热器被制造成使用低温气体燃料作为冷却剂的燃料-油换热器，所述用于燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的润滑系统被制造成各个单独受控的循环回路，每个循环回路都具有其自身的燃料-油换热器、供应泵和油箱，燃料-油换热器的每个冷却腔都在其输入侧处通过燃料管线与用于供应和控制燃料的装置相连，且在其输出侧处通过燃料管线与燃料加热器相连。
所述用于供应和控制燃料的装置与位于燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的摩擦单元中的油温传感器相连。
附图说明
图1示出了具有润滑系统和燃料系统的本发明燃气轮机设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的燃气轮机设备(GTP)包括：具有压缩机2的燃气轮机发动机(GTE)1，其以低温气体燃料来工作并驱动致动单元3(例如交流发电机、泵等)；以及用于GTE 1的空气处理装置4；具有燃烧室5的燃料系统；安装在GTE 1的排出管7中的燃料加热器(气化器)6；以及用于供应和控制燃料的装置8，燃料管线9从存储低温气体燃料的存储器连接到该装置8。
GTP包括用于GTE 1和致动单元3的摩擦单元(轴承、接触密封、传动装置、花键连接)的润滑系统，所述润滑系统为了它们被制造成各单独受控的循环回路，具有其自身的油冷换热器10、11用于保持最佳的油温。油冷换热器10、11被制造成使用低温气体燃料作为冷却剂的燃料-油换热器，所述低温气体燃料通过燃料管线9来供给。GTE 1和致动单元3的受控油循环回路包括它们各自的供应泵12、13和油箱14、15，它们用于对循环回路进行补充以及从回路中去除多余的油。
用于供应和控制燃料的装置8通过燃料管线16直接与燃烧室5相连用于启动GTE 1，以及通过燃料管线17、18经燃料加热器6与燃料室5相连，其中管线17将装置8与燃料加热器6相连，且管线18使燃料加热器6与燃烧室5相连。
燃料-油换热器10、11的冷却腔在它们的输入侧通过燃料管线19、20与用于供应和控制燃料的装置相连，并在它们的输出侧通过燃料管线21、22与燃料加热器6相连。
摩擦单元油温传感器23设在GTE 1和致动单元3的受控循环回路的输出处，它们与用于供应和控制燃料的装置8相连(未示出)。
燃气轮机设备可以如下运行。
低温气体燃料通过燃料管线9从用于存储燃料的存储器被供应到用于供应和控制燃料的装置8。然后，燃料在启动GTE 1的过程中从装置8通过燃料管线16供应到燃烧室5，并且在GTE 1的运行过程中从装置8通过燃料管线17经燃料加热器6以及通过与GTE 1和致动单元3的受控油循环回路相连的换热器(燃料-油换热器)10、11的油冷腔与燃料室相连。这些回路中的油通过供应泵12、13供应到摩擦单元，在摩擦单元处，油被加热，且被进一步供应到燃料-油换热器10、11，用于被低温气体的冷却源来冷却。
在燃料-油换热器10、11中受到加热后，低温气体被供应到燃料加热器6，在燃料加热器6处，该低温气体与通过燃料管线17供应的低温气体一起由从GTE 1逸出的气体加热，转换为气态(被气化)，并通过燃料管线18供应到燃烧室5。由于燃料气体与通过压缩机供应的压缩空气的混合物进行燃烧，在燃烧室中形成具有高温高压的燃烧产物。这些燃烧产物在膨胀时使GTE 1运动并随后通过排出管7和燃料加热器6从燃气轮机设备中排出到大气中。
在从GTE 1和致动单元3的的摩擦单元逸出后，受控油循环回路中的油温被用于供应和控制燃料的装置8使用传感器23来控制。
工业实用性
本发明能将通过油从燃气轮机发动机和被其驱动的致动单元的被润滑的摩擦单元中去除的热量返回到燃气轮机发动机的热动态循环中，这提高了燃气轮机设备的效率。另外，用于设备固有需求的动力消耗被降低，油冷系统的设计被简化到最大程度，且因为低温气体在燃料-油换热器中得到加热，使燃料加热器可以做成较小尺寸。
参考文献
1.“Locomotive(机车)”杂志，第3期，2005年，第41页，V.S.Kossov，E.I.Nesterov，“Gas-Turbine Traction：History and Prospects(燃气轮机牵引的历史和展望)”。
2.V.A.Schurovsky，Yu.A.Zaitsev，Gas-Turbine Compressor Unit(燃气轮机压缩机单元)，M.，Nedra出版社，1994年，第85、87、88页。
3.RU专利No.2251505C1，B61C 11/06，2005年。

Claims (2)

1.一种燃气轮机设备，包括：具有压缩机的燃气轮机发动机，其以低温气体燃料来工作并驱动致动单元；用于燃气轮机发动机的气体处理装置；具有燃烧室的燃料系统；安装在燃气轮机发动机的排出管中的燃料加热器；用于供应和控制燃料的装置，燃料管线从存储低温气体燃料的存储器连接到该装置，且该装置通过燃料管线直接与燃烧室相连以及通过燃料管线经燃料加热器与燃烧室相连；用于燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的摩擦单元的润滑系统，该润滑系统包括油冷换热器、供应泵和油箱，其特征在于，所述油冷换热器被制造成使用低温气体燃料作为冷却剂的燃料-油换热器，所述用于燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的润滑系统被制造成各单独受控的循环回路，每个循环回路都具有其自身的燃料-油换热器、供应泵和油箱，燃料-油换热器的每个冷却腔在其输入侧处通过燃料管线与所述用于供应和控制燃料的装置相连，且在其输出侧处通过燃料管线与燃料加热器相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机设备，其特征在于，所述用于供应和控制燃料的装置与用于燃气轮机发动机和致动单元的摩擦单元的油温传感器相连。
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