CN101665283A

CN101665283A - Method for ridge planting of rice in wetland to control agricultural area source pollution

Info

Publication number: CN101665283A
Application number: CN200910191013A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋先军; 谢德体
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2009-09-28
Filing date: 2009-09-28
Publication date: 2010-03-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for ridge planting of rice in wetland to control agricultural area source pollution, which is characterized in that a wetland is used as a paddy field, and cycling ridging is conducted in the direction vertical to the direction of water flow for rice planting. The method can effectively utilize the land, exert the grain production capacity of land, and simultaneously can prolong dwell time of polluted water in the ecosystem of the rice field and enlarge the contact area between water and soil, and can block and absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural area source pollutant more efficiently.

Description

The method of ridge planting of rice in wetland to control agricultural area source pollution

Technical field

The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting and environmental pollution treatment technology field, particularly relate to a kind of utilize rice field ridge culture technology tackle and the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of dissolving in nitrogen and the method for phosphorus.

Background technology

Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area claims agricultural non-point pollution again, also claims agriculture diffustivity to pollute, characteristics such as have randomness, potentiality, intermittence, hysteresis quality and have a large capacity and a wide range, and the control difficulty is big, it is many to involve a wide range of knowledge, drop into, and it is slow to take effect.In recent years, point-source pollution progressively is under control and administers, and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is subjected to people's common concern as the topmost source of pollution of body eutrophication, the field of enlivening of pollution of area source research also having become research on environmental issues in the world.

At present, handle pollution of area source both at home and abroad and mainly adopt three kinds of methods: artificial swamp method, oxidation pond process and soil filtration method.

Artificial swamp is the technology that a kind of improvement of having applied is both at home and abroad for many years polluted.In the prior art, the multistage series and parallel mode of the many employings of relatively large artificial swamp, generally adopt undercurrent or go up downward stream mode for the wetland combination of series system, sewage flows through settling tank, plug-flow bed, down flow artificial wet field, up stream artificial swamp and water quality successively modifies the pool, thereby is purified.But there are shortcomings such as floor space is big, efficient is low in this method, and utilizes this mode can not effectively utilize the soil to carry out grain-production.

Oxidation pond also claims biological pond, is divided into the aerobic pool, anaerobic pond, the facultative oxidation pool and aeration oxidation pond by the existence difference of pool water oxygen.Have when disposing of sewage by anaerobic pond-the hold concurrently oxidation pond system that the oxygen pool-the aerobic pool is formed and to reduce investment outlay, to save energy consumption and to manage advantages such as simple, in the double oxygen pool and the aerobic pool, culture or planting aquatic plants more can improve the removing pollutant ability, can also obtain other economic benefits simultaneously.But the natural oxidation pool also exists floor space big, and function is comparatively single, be subjected to pool entry and precipitation to influence big, long-time use can produce shortcomings such as stench, treatment time be long.

The polluted water land treatment system is under the manual control condition, by soil-plant system sewage is carried out a series of physics, chemistry and biochemical scavenging process.Compare to have with other treatment technologies and reduce investment outlay, advantage such as save energy, working cost are low.The subject matter that exists is that hydraulic load is low, processing power is low and floor space is big.

Big, the area source pollutants short shortcoming of the residence time in system of above method ubiquity system's floor space.At the national conditions that China has a large population and a few land, above method can not effectively be utilized existing soil, is difficult to bring into play the grain-production ability in soil.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, utilize rice field ridge culture to make up a kind of method of efficient improvement agricultural area source pollutants.

The present invention mainly is based on following technical thought:

1, utilize paddy ecosystem, and the nutrient that effective absorption brings with soil erosion (N, P)

Paddy ecosystem is the Wetlands ecosystems of environmental friendliness, environmental health, sustainable use, we rationally utilize wetland, carry out rice-cultivating, utilize this Wetlands ecosystems in rice field, absorb nitrogen, phosphorus in the polluted-water, reduce nitrogen and the discharging of phosphorus in natural water.It is big so both can to have solved the artificial swamp floor space, does not have the problem of grain-production power, can tackle effectively and dissolve again from phosphorus, the nitrogen area source pollutants in village, woodland and nonirrigated farmland, reduces the sowing amount of fertilizer in the rice field, reduces the cost of planting rice.

2, utilize the ridge culture technology can make soil and nutrient in paddy ecosystem, stop the long time, increase the contact area of soil and water, improve absorption cleaning ability area source pollutants with the current mistake

The ridge is that the ridge (see figure 1) is made in the Transverse to the flow direction circulation to layout, and polluted-water flows between each ridge successively, has prolonged the residence time of polluted-water in the rice field.

Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

As the paddy field, the ridge is done in the Transverse to the flow direction circulation in the paddy field with wetland, and making the ridge specification is ridge face width 20～25cm, furrow width 30～35cm, the high 30cm in ridge, the wrong nest of paddy rice plant in back of the body both sides of the edge, ridge, the water smoothing is planted on same horizontal plane full field rice shoot, and nest is apart from 10～15cm.

Concrete do the ridge, seedling-planting mode is described in detail in the following embodiments.

In the aforesaid method, after the match of furrow interface near a sinusoidal curve, by calculate can get ridge culture after soil surface area increase about 22% than flat the work, increased the contact area of water and soil, can improve that the unit surface rice field is tackled and the ability of the nitrogen of dissolving, phosphorus.

Advantage of the present invention is, this method can effectively utilize the soil, and the grain-production ability in performance soil can prolong the residence time of polluted-water in paddy ecosystem simultaneously, increase the contact area of water and soil, can tackle more efficiently and the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of dissolving in nitrogen and phosphorus.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the circulating ridge synoptic diagram of doing.

Fig. 2 is the ridge culture diagrammatic cross-section.

Embodiment

The concrete operations rules are as follows:

Transplanting seedlings preceding 15～30 days, to put the shallow water backguy and do the ridge, the ridge is to Transverse to the flow direction, the circulating ridge (see figure 1) of doing.If because earth suede is mashed, once can not moulding, should make blank earlier, after waiting to finalize the design, do again 1～2 time.Doing the ridge specification is a ridge one ditch, and (see figure 2) is wide 50～60cm altogether, ridge face width 20～25cm, furrow width 30～35cm, the high 30cm in ridge.Under the condition of no mechanical instrument ridging, preferably manipulation, the backguy ridging, the people along the line forward, both hands vertically insert in the soil, take in one's arms mass of soil put gently on the other side soil of backguy.The earth original position that takes in one's arms is placed on ridge stalk position, can't firmly compress or mud is rubbed the suede troweling.The ridge face accomplishes to put down greatly little injustice.Full field face remains on the same sea line.Also available hoe, rake operation ridging.

Paddy rice ridge culture, every ridge duplicate rows.The wrong nest of rice seedlings is planted in back of the body both sides of the edge, ridge, and the water smoothing, make full field rice shoot plant on the same horizontal plane, general nest is apart from 10～15cm.Per hectare 22.5～31.5 ten thousand nests, the thin density capping in field, field fertilizer takes off limit.

Claims

1, a kind of method of ridge planting of rice in wetland to control agricultural area source pollution, it is characterized in that, as the paddy field, the ridge is done in the Transverse to the flow direction circulation in the paddy field with wetland, and making the ridge specification is ridge face width 20～25cm, furrow width 30～35cm, the high 30cm in ridge, the wrong nest of paddy rice plant in back of the body both sides of the edge, ridge, water smoothing, full field rice shoot is planted on same horizontal plane, and nest is apart from 10～15cm.