CN101664835A - Method for improving processing speed and quality of electric spark pinholes - Google Patents
Method for improving processing speed and quality of electric spark pinholes Download PDFInfo
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- CN101664835A CN101664835A CN200910075412A CN200910075412A CN101664835A CN 101664835 A CN101664835 A CN 101664835A CN 200910075412 A CN200910075412 A CN 200910075412A CN 200910075412 A CN200910075412 A CN 200910075412A CN 101664835 A CN101664835 A CN 101664835A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the processing speed and the quality of electric spark pinholes, in particular to a technical scheme for improving the processing speed and the qualityof the electric spark pinholes by using a water dispersing agent working solution, belonging to the technical field of special processing. The method for improving the processing speed and the quality of electric spark pinhole by using the water dispersing agent working solution is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing the water dispersing agent working solution, processing the electric spark pinholes by using the prepared water dispersing agent working solution and cleaning a pump of working solution to complete the process. The method has advantages of only adding dispersing agents to the original running water working solution without making any alteration on an electric spark machine tool and improving the dispersity of the working solution by using the dispersion effectof the dispersing agent so as to diminish the volume of electro erosion particles, slow the sedimentation velocity, facilitate the chip removal, increase the processing speed and improve the quality.Therefore, the invention has certain practical value and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention's a kind of raising electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality belong to the special processing technology field, are specifically related to a kind of technical scheme of utilizing the water dispersant working solution to improve electric spark small hole process velocity and quality.
Background technology
Hole processing accounts for 1/3rd of machining total amount, occupies crucial status in field of machining.Along with progress of science and technology, some high strength, high rigidity and difficult to machine material apply in the industrial products in large quantities, often need process the bigger aperture of aspect ratio on these difficult-to-machine materials.Owing to compare with other processing methods, spark machined is not subjected to the restriction of material hardness, so the processing of electric spark hole has remarkable advantages in the processing of finishing these difficult-to-machine materials.The high-speed electric spark technique for processing small hole is grow up in the later stage eighties in last century a kind of novel, dark technique for processing small hole efficiently.It can process aperture at high speed on various conductive materials (difficult-to-machine material that comprises some high strength, high rigidity).The processing of high-speed electric spark aperture is general adopts hollow copper pipe as tool-electrode, adopt water base working solution (deionized water, distilled water, emulsion) as machining medium, (1～10Mpa) directly is injected into the processing district by the capillary in the electrode to high-pressure work liquid, galvanic corrosion product (as the little bits of metal, bubble etc.) in the spark-discharge gap is washed away, to solve the problem of the chip removal difficulty in the aperture edm process rapidly by swiftly flowing working solution.Although adopt high pressure towards measures such as liquid and electrode rotations, when the little hole depth of processing is dark, still cause machining chips to pile up easily, processing speed reduces, even can not process; Or make the cylindricity variation in processed hole.This mainly is because when the processing in hole surpasses certain depth, the galvanic corrosion product can deposit to the bottom in hole, when the ablation particle concentration of bottom reaches certain numerical value, to produce arcing and short circuit, the serious surface quality that reduces workpiece, in case arcing takes place, the auto-feed adjusting device certainly will make the tool-electrode rollback, thereby the pulse effective rate of utilization reduces, and prolong process time.Along with the increase of working depth, it is more and more frequent that arcing and short circuit occur, so that processing is forced to stop, the working depth in hole is restricted.
Another technical barrier that electric spark small hole processing exists is the cylindricity problem of aperture, and there is comparatively serious horn mouth in the aperture that processes, and the cylindricity of aperture reduces.The main cause that horn mouth occurs is that the galvanic corrosion amount at circular tool electrode edge place is greater than the center.Under the effect of gravity, be deposited on the little chip of corner and be not easy to be washed away by water under high pressure.This short grained accumulation causes the processing chip removal not smooth on the one hand, the unstable and process velocity decline of processing; The galvanic corrosion amount at circular tool electrode edge place is increased, and the aperture tapering that finally causes processing becomes big, the crudy variation.
In order to improve the chip removal condition that aperture adds man-hour, the assurance process is stable, often adopts the electric and magnetic oscillation head, and tool-electrode is vibrated vertically, or employing ultrasonic vibration head, make the tool-electrode end face that axial dither be arranged, carry out electric spark ultrasonic ripple Compound Machining, improve aperture processing chip removal condition, improve the aperture working (machining) efficiency, but these methods often need to increase attachment device, cause the rising of processing cost.Therefore, need that to seek not only cost cheap but also can improve the chip removal condition well badly, improve the method for process velocity and crudy.When in aqueous working solution, adding dispersant, can improve the decentralization of working solution, the smaller volume of galvanic corrosion particle, sinking speed are reduced, and then make chip removal easy, process velocity increases, and crudy improves.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's a kind of raising electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality purpose are: the chip removal condition of improving electric spark small hole processing, improve aperture working (machining) efficiency and crudy, thereby a kind of simple and practical technical scheme that is used for the processing of high-speed electric spark aperture is provided.
The present invention's a kind of raising electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality is characterized in that it being that a kind of water dispersant working solution that utilizes improves electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality, and its concrete processing step is:
I, preparation water dispersant working solution
Take by weighing running water and water dispersant according to volume, successively pour in the container that holds electric spark small hole processing working solution and be mixed with solution, add 0.04 gram washing powder according to every ml soln then, stirred 1--2 minute, dispersant is fully mixed with running water, can use this moment, and used dispersant is a polyacrylic acid, and the scope of the volumetric ratio of dispersant and running water is 2.5%-10%;
II, utilize solution that I prepares as the processing working solution, carry out electric spark small hole processing, pulse power positive pole connects workpiece to be machined in the processing, and negative pole bonding tool electrode, working fluid pressure are 5Mpa, and tool-electrode rotation rotating speed is 120 rev/mins; Behind processing through hole on the workpiece, write down its process time with digital stopwatch, calculate the degree of depth of machining hole in the unit interval, be the process velocity of electric spark small hole processing, the excursion of the processing electric current of described electric spark small hole processing is 3-20A, the scope of current pulse width is 8-80 μ s, and described electric spark small hole processing used tool electrode is that external diameter is φ 1-3mm, and internal diameter is brass or the red copper hollow edged electrode of φ 0.3-0.47mm; Workpiece to be machined is all conductive metallic material;
After III, the aperture completion of processing, close the electric spark small hole machining tool, working solution is changed to running water, opening power master switch then, open power switch and working solution switch pump on the control panel simultaneously, dispersant working solution in work liquid pump and the pipeline is got rid of, to prevent that the dispersant working solution is to pump and corrosion of pipe.
Above-mentioned raising electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality is characterized in that the volume of described dispersant and running water is best than being 4%.
The advantage that the present invention improves electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality is: do not need electric spark machine tool is done any transformation, and only be in former running water working solution, to add dispersant, utilize the peptizaiton of dispersant, improve the decentralization of working solution, smaller volume, the sinking speed of galvanic corrosion particle are reduced, and then make chip removal easy, and process velocity increases, and crudy improves.The action principle of dispersant in electric spark small hole as shown in Figure 1.Accompanying drawing 1 (a) is that working solution is the electric spark small hole processing chip removal schematic diagram of running water.At this moment, the galvanic corrosion granule is under the impact carrying capacity acting in conjunction of thermal explosion bursting force and water under high pressure, discharge outside the machining gap, meanwhile under the effect of gravity, these little chips also can deposit to the below of two electrode gaps, the deposition of special around the corner little chip is not easy to be washed away by water under high pressure, this short grained accumulation, cause the processing chip removal not smooth on the one hand, unstable and the process velocity decline of processing, the galvanic corrosion amount at circular tool electrode edge place is increased, and the aperture tapering that finally causes processing becomes big.Accompanying drawing 1 (b) is that working solution is the electric spark small hole processing schematic diagram of dispersant solution.At this moment, because the effect of dispersant reduces the smaller volume of galvanic corrosion particle, sinking speed, and then makes chip removal easy, process velocity increases, and crudy improves.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 electric spark small hole processing chip removal schematic diagram.Wherein, accompanying drawing 1 (a) is a running water working solution electric spark small hole processing chip removal schematic diagram, among the figure: 1-processing work, 2-machining chips, 3-tool-electrode, 4-running water working solution; Accompanying drawing 1 (b) is a dispersant working solution electric spark small hole processing schematic diagram, among the figure: 1-processing work, 2-machining chips, 3-tool-electrode, 4-dispersant working solution.
Accompanying drawing 2 process velocities are with working solution change in concentration rule.Among the figure: C (%)-working solution concentration, M (mm/min)-process velocity, ◆-process velocity point.
Accompanying drawing 3 process velocities contrast with the processing electric current Changing Pattern.Among the figure: I (A)-processing electric current, M (mm/min)-process velocity, ▲-process velocity in the running water working solution, ◆ the process velocity the in-dispersant working solution.
Accompanying drawing 4 tool-electrode relative loss factors contrast with the processing electric current Changing Pattern.Among the figure: I (A)-processing electric current, θ (%)-tool-electrode relative loss factor, ▲-tool-electrode relative loss factor in the running water working solution, ◆ the tool-electrode relative loss factor the in-dispersant working solution.
Accompanying drawing 5 processing section variation contrast in tool-electrode working end after 5 minutes.Wherein, accompanying drawing 5 (a) is the tool-electrode working end sectional drawing of running water working solution electric spark small hole processing; Accompanying drawing 5 (b) is the tool-electrode working end sectional drawing of dispersant working solution electric spark small hole processing.
Accompanying drawing 6 processing changed contrast in side, tool-electrode working end after 5 minutes.Wherein, accompanying drawing 6 (a) is the tool-electrode working end side view of running water working solution electric spark small hole processing; Accompanying drawing 6 (b) is the tool-electrode working end side view of dispersant working solution electric spark small hole processing.
The specification digest accompanying drawing is with accompanying drawing 2.
The specific embodiment:
According to summary of the invention---the method for concrete processing step I preparation water dispersant working solution, make polyacrylic acid dispersant and running water volumetric ratio and be respectively six kinds of each 250ml of mixed solution of 2.5%, 3.3%, 4%, 5%, 6.7% and 10%, add washing powder 10 grams in every kind of mixed solution, make six kinds of dispersant working solutions, the dispersant working solution that is mixed with promptly can be used for electric spark small hole processing, and the operating position of six kinds of dispersant working solutions is illustrated by the following specific embodiment:
Used machining tool is a D703F high-speed electric spark aperture machine, pulse power positive pole connects workpiece to be machined in the processing, negative pole bonding tool electrode, tool-electrode uses external diameter to be φ 1.5mm, internal diameter is the brass hollow edged electrode of φ 0.55mm, workpiece to be machined is No. 45 quality carbon structural steels of thickness 9.4mm, working fluid pressure is 5Mpa, tool-electrode rotation rotating speed is 120 rev/mins, behind processing through hole on the workpiece, write down its process time with digital stopwatch, the degree of depth of machining hole is the process velocity of spark machined in the unit of account time; The length of unit interval tool-electrode consumption and the ratio of process velocity are the tool-electrode relative loss factor, current pulse width is 35 μ s, processing electric current intensity is 16.5A, utilize the dispersant working solution and the running water working solution of six kinds of variable concentrations of above-mentioned preparation to carry out electric spark small hole processing respectively, measure and the relation of count the score powder working solution concentration and aperture process velocity as shown in table 1, according to table 1 paint process velocity with the variation tendency of dispersant working solution concentration as shown in Figure 2.By accompanying drawing 2 as can be seen, after in running water, adding water dispersant, the process velocity of spark machined is improved a lot, when the concentration of the aqueous solution of dispersant is 4%, it is maximum that the process velocity of spark machined reaches, that is to say that when the preparation electric spark machining working solution, the optimal proportion of dispersant and running water is 4%.
The relation of table 1 dispersant working solution concentration and process velocity
| Working solution concentration (%) | ??0 | ??2.5 | ??3.3 | ??4 | ??5 | ??6.7 | ??10 |
| Process velocity (mm/min) | ??6.729 | ??9.611 | ??10.375 | ??10.945 | ??9.853 | ??8.507 | ??8.297 |
Implementation result: when dispersant working solution concentration changes in the 2.5%-10% scope, the process velocity of dispersant working solution electric spark small hole processing all improves a lot than the process velocity of running water working solution, the dispersant working solution concentration of process velocity maximum is 4%, and this concentration is exactly the best proportioning value of dispersant working solution.
The concentration that adopts above-mentioned preparation is 4% working solution, regulate button by the electric current that changes on the machining tool, change processing electric current intensity from 7A to 30A, measure and calculate in running water working solution and dispersant working solution, the relation of processing electric current intensity and aperture process velocity is as shown in table 2, according to table 2 paint the trend that changes with processing electric current of process velocity as shown in Figure 3; Paint the tool-electrode relative loss factor with the processing electric current variation tendency as shown in Figure 4.By accompanying drawing 3 as can be seen, in whole electric current excursion, the process velocity of dispersant working solution spark machined is all greater than spark machined in the running water, the process velocity maximum is increased to original 1.6 times, by accompanying drawing 4 as can be seen, in whole electric current excursion, the electrode relative loss factor rate of dispersant working solution spark machined is all less than spark machined in the running water, and electrode relative loss factor rate high specific had reduced 58% originally.
The relation of table 2 processing electric current and process velocity
| Processing electric current (A) | ??7.5 | ??11 | ??14.5 | ??16.5 | ??18.5 |
| Running water working solution process velocity (mm/min) | ??2.427 | ??4.174 | ??6.108 | ??6.743 | ??6.729 |
| Dispersant working solution process velocity (mm/min) | ??2.652 | ??4.947 | ??8.083 | ??10.943 | ??9.602 |
Implementation result: in whole electric current excursion, the process velocity of dispersant working solution electric spark small hole processing is all greater than spark machined in the running water, and electrode relative loss factor rate is all less than spark machined in the running water; The process velocity maximum is increased to original 1.6 times, and electrode relative loss factor rate high specific had reduced 58% originally.
The concentration that adopts above-mentioned preparation is 4% working solution, uses the new brass electrode with a kind of Different Individual, processes respectively 5 minutes in running water working solution and dispersant working solution, observes welding tip, and it is to such as shown in accompanying drawing 5 and the accompanying drawing 6.Find out significantly by accompanying drawing 5, Fig. 6, after processing 5 fens clock times, adopt the working end of the tool-electrode of dispersant working solution processing still to keep cylindricity preferably, and adopt the working end of the tool-electrode of running water working solution processing bigger tapering to occur, so adopt the dispersant working solution can improve the cylindricity of processed aperture, promptly improve the form and position tolerance in hole.
Implementation result: after processing 5 fens clock times, adopt the cylindricity of working end of the tool-electrode of dispersant working solution electric spark small hole processing to be better than and adopt the processing of running water working solution electric spark small hole.The technical problem that this has overcome the cylindricity difference of the aperture that electric spark small hole processing exists has to a certain extent just reduced the horn mouth of the aperture that processes, has improved machining accuracy.
Utilize dispersant working solution processing aperture to finish at last, close the battery main switch of electric spark small hole machining tool, working solution is changed to running water, opening power master switch then, open power switch and working solution switch pump on the control panel simultaneously, the lathe operation is after 10 minutes, and the dispersant working solution in work liquid pump and the pipeline is all got rid of clean, has avoided the dispersant working solution to pump and corrosion of pipe effect.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of raising electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality is characterized in that it being that a kind of water dispersant working solution that utilizes improves electric spark small hole process velocity and method for quality, and its concrete processing step is:
I, preparation water dispersant working solution
Take by weighing running water and water dispersant according to volume, successively pour in the container that holds electric spark small hole processing working solution and be mixed with solution, add 0.04 gram washing powder according to every ml soln then, stirred 1--2 minute, dispersant is fully mixed with running water, can use this moment, and used dispersant is a polyacrylic acid, and the scope of the volumetric ratio of dispersant and running water is 2.5%-10%;
II, utilize solution that I prepares as the processing working solution, carry out electric spark small hole processing, pulse power positive pole connects workpiece to be machined in the processing, and negative pole bonding tool electrode, working fluid pressure are 5Mpa, and tool-electrode rotation rotating speed is 120 rev/mins; Behind processing through hole on the workpiece, write down its process time with digital stopwatch, calculate the degree of depth of machining hole in the unit interval, be the process velocity of electric spark small hole processing, the excursion of the processing electric current of described electric spark small hole processing is 3-20A, the scope of current pulse width is 8-80 μ s, and described electric spark small hole processing used tool electrode is that external diameter is φ 1-3mm, and internal diameter is brass or the red copper hollow edged electrode of φ 0.3-0.47mm; Workpiece to be machined is all conductive metallic material;
After III, the aperture completion of processing, close the electric spark small hole machining tool, working solution is changed to running water, opening power master switch then, open power switch and working solution switch pump on the control panel simultaneously, dispersant working solution in work liquid pump and the pipeline is got rid of, to prevent that the dispersant working solution is to pump and corrosion of pipe.
2,, it is characterized in that the volume of described dispersant and running water is best than being 4% according to described a kind of raising electric spark small hole process velocity of claim 1 and method for quality.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101979203A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-02-23 | 苏州电加工机床研究所有限公司 | Method for controlling quality of micro hole machined by electric spark on line |
| CN102179585A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2011-09-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Capillary cathode-based small-conicity micro-hole electrochemical machining device and method |
| CN103464850A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 昆山纯柏精密五金有限公司 | Deep hole electric spark machining process |
| CN103480931A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-01 | 昆山纯柏精密五金有限公司 | Deep hole electrical discharge machining process |
| CN104107969A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-22 | 太原理工大学 | Electric spark small hole machining technology achieved through dispersing agent working solution and brass/nickel electrode |
| CN108161147A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-06-15 | 浙江中航通飞研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize dispersant working solution and the small hole drilling by EDM method of copper/nickel electrode |
| CN114473097A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏德瑞加数控机床有限公司 | Electric spark small hole machining method and machine tool |
-
2009
- 2009-09-12 CN CN2009100754120A patent/CN101664835B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101979203A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-02-23 | 苏州电加工机床研究所有限公司 | Method for controlling quality of micro hole machined by electric spark on line |
| CN101979203B (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-11-21 | 苏州电加工机床研究所有限公司 | Method for controlling quality of micro hole machined by electric spark on line |
| CN102179585A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2011-09-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Capillary cathode-based small-conicity micro-hole electrochemical machining device and method |
| CN102179585B (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-12-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Capillary cathode-based small-conicity micro-hole electrochemical machining device and method |
| CN103464850A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 昆山纯柏精密五金有限公司 | Deep hole electric spark machining process |
| CN103480931A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-01 | 昆山纯柏精密五金有限公司 | Deep hole electrical discharge machining process |
| CN104107969A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-22 | 太原理工大学 | Electric spark small hole machining technology achieved through dispersing agent working solution and brass/nickel electrode |
| CN108161147A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-06-15 | 浙江中航通飞研究院有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize dispersant working solution and the small hole drilling by EDM method of copper/nickel electrode |
| CN114473097A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏德瑞加数控机床有限公司 | Electric spark small hole machining method and machine tool |
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