CN102205448B - Process for machining electric spark small hole by using compound electrode - Google Patents
Process for machining electric spark small hole by using compound electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN102205448B CN102205448B CN 201110150561 CN201110150561A CN102205448B CN 102205448 B CN102205448 B CN 102205448B CN 201110150561 CN201110150561 CN 201110150561 CN 201110150561 A CN201110150561 A CN 201110150561A CN 102205448 B CN102205448 B CN 102205448B
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Abstract
The invention provides a process for machining an electric spark small hole by using a compound electrode and belongs to the field of nontraditional machining. The process is characterized in that: metal chromium of which the melting point is higher than that of an inner basic material is electroplated on the outer surface of a brass tubular electrode so as to form the brass and chromium compounded compound electrode and the electric spark small hole is machined by using the compound electrode. The process has the advantages that: the compound electrode is adopted during the electric spark small hole machining, so the machining speed can be increased; and the taper of the electrode machining end of a tool is reduced by using the characteristic that the electrical erosion amount of the center of the compound electrode is larger than that of the edge, so the horn mouth of the machined hole becomes smaller. The technical scheme is economic and is easy to realize; furthermore, by smaller investment, the machining speed and the machining quality of the electric spark small hole can be increased greatly; and the process has practical value and an economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
Combination electrode electric spark small hole processing technology of the present invention belongs to special process field, is specifically related to a kind of compound electrode of copper chromium that utilizes and carries out electric spark small hole processing, in order to improve the technical scheme of electric spark small hole process velocity, crudy.
Background technology
Spark erosion technique through development and progress constantly, has become a kind of technology of comparative maturity since coming out the forties in last century, be widely used in fields such as civilian, national defence, and irreplaceable status and effect are arranged in the process industry in modern times.Owing to compare with other processing method, spark machined does not receive the restriction of material hardness, so spark machined has remarkable advantages in the processing of difficult-to-machine material.However, still there are defectives such as material removing rate is low, the easy loss of electrode, surface roughness value height in this technology.
The high-speed electric spark technique for processing small hole is grow up in the later stage eighties in last century a kind of novel, dark technique for processing small hole efficiently, and it can be used for the processing small holes of the difficult-to-machine materials such as preparatory wire hole, nozzle and heat-resisting alloy of line cutting parts.The high-speed electric spark processing small holes is general to adopt hollow copper pipe as tool-electrode; Adopt water base working solution as machining medium; (1～10Mpa) directly is injected into the processing district through the capillary in the electrode to high-pressure work liquid; Galvanic corrosion product (like the little bits of metal, bubble etc.) in the spark-discharge gap is washed away, to solve the problem of the chip removal difficulty in the electric spark small hole process rapidly by swiftly flowing working solution.Although adopt high pressure towards measures such as liquid and electrode rotations, when processing aperture aspect ratio is big, still cause machining chips to pile up easily, processing speed reduces, even can not process.
Another technical barrier that electric spark small hole processing exists is the cylindricity problem of aperture, and there is comparatively serious horn mouth in the aperture that processes, and the cylindricity of aperture reduces.The main cause that horn mouth occurs is that the galvanic corrosion amount at circular tool electrode edge place is greater than the center.Under the effect of gravity, be deposited on the little chip of corner and be not easy to be washed away by water under high pressure.This short grained accumulation causes the processing chip removal not smooth on the one hand, the unstable and process velocity decline of processing; The galvanic corrosion amount at circular tool electrode edge place is increased, and the aperture tapering that finally causes processing becomes big, the crudy variation.Accompanying drawing 1 is depicted as the diameter that the utilizes common spark machined blind hole for φ 2mm, sees obviously that from accompanying drawing 1 cylindricity of portalling is relatively poor, bigger horn mouth promptly occurred, and along with the increase of the machining hole degree of depth, horn mouth is serious further.The horn mouth of aperture is a fatal problem of spark machined, and being influences the accurately machined key that electrical discharge machining process is used for the hole, but does not up to the present still have highly effective solution.Chip removal condition when improving processing small holes guarantees that process is stable, often adopts the electric and magnetic oscillation head; Tool-electrode is vibrated vertically, or adopt the ultrasonic vibration head, make the tool-electrode end face that axial dither arranged; Carry out electric spark ultrasonic ripple Compound Machining, improve processing small holes chip removal condition, improve processing small holes efficient; But these methods often need increase attachment device, cause the rising of processing cost.Therefore, need that to seek not only cost cheap but also can improve the chip removal condition well badly, improve the method for process velocity and crudy.
Summary of the invention
Combination electrode electrical discharge machining process purpose of the present invention is: in order to solve the problem that exists in the above-mentioned prior art; Thereby provide a kind of compound electrode of copper chromium that utilizes to carry out electric spark small hole processing; In order to improve the technical scheme of electric spark small hole process velocity, crudy, specifically be exactly in electric spark small hole processing, to adopt combination electrode to improve process velocity; Utilize the combination electrode center than the big characteristics of edge galvanic corrosion amount; Reduce the tapering of tool-electrode processing end; Thereby the horn mouth of machining hole is diminished, the technical scheme of the high-speed electric spark processing small holes skill of the chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode of raising aperture quality.
Combination electrode electrical discharge machining process of the present invention is characterized in that it being a kind of technical scheme of utilizing the compound electrode of copper chromium to carry out electric spark small hole processing, and its concrete processing step is:
I, adopt electric plating method to prepare chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode, the brass hollow edged electrode and the stereotype of degreasing treatment placed the coating bath that chromic acid plating bath is housed, the brass hollow edged electrode connects the negative pole of dc source, as negative electrode; Stereotype connects the positive pole of dc source; As anode; Chromium ion in the chromic acid plating bath obtains electron reduction and becomes the crome metal atom on the brass negative electrode, the surface of brass electrode obtains the chromium electrodeposited coating, forms chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode; Used chromic acid plating bath concentration is 250g/L in the coating bath, and the current density of DC current is 30-60A/dm
2, the area ratio of negative electrode and positive plate gets 1: 5-1: 10; Electroplating temperature is 40-60 ℃;
II, utilize the combination electrode for preparing among the I to carry out electric spark small hole processing, pulse power positive pole connects work piece, and negative pole connects combination electrode; Working solution adopts running water, and its pressure is 4Mpa, and the excursion of processing electric current is 5-25A; The scope of current pulse width is 8-80 μ s, and the external diameter of combination electrode is φ 1.55-3.05mm, and chromium plating thickness is 0-0.05mm; Internal diameter is φ 0.3-0.47mm, and the workpiece to be machined scope is the metal solid material of all conduction;
After III, processing small holes finish; After closing electric spark machine tool, the degree of depth of measured hole writes down its process time with digital stopwatch; Calculate the degree of depth of machining hole in the unit interval, be the process velocity that chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode carries out electric spark small hole processing.
Combination electrode spark machined new technology advantage of the present invention is: need not carry out any transformation to the electric spark small hole machining tool; Only electroplate the crome metal that one deck fusing point is higher than the inner base material at the outer surface of brass hollow edged electrode; Form combination electrode; This electroplating technology is ripe, and is economical and be prone to realize, and utilizes less input just can improve process velocity and crudy that electric spark small hole is processed greatly.The action principle of combination electrode electric spark small hole processing is shown in accompanying drawing 2.Accompanying drawing 2 (a) is for utilizing the electric spark small hole processing signal of basis brass hollow edged electrode; This moment is because machining chips is deposited on the bottom in processed hole easily under the effect of gravity; The feather edge place is not easy to be washed away by high-pressure work liquid in the hole especially, and this short grained accumulation causes the processing chip removal not smooth on the one hand, the unstable and process velocity decline of processing; The galvanic corrosion amount at circular tool electrode edge place is increased, finally cause tool-electrode and processed aperture tapering to become big.Accompanying drawing 2 (b) is processed signal for the electric spark small hole that utilizes combination electrode,
This moment is because the fusing point of crome metal material is higher than inner layer material copper; And the electric conductivity of chromium is weaker than copper; So the outer field discharge pulse current of cylinder electrode that is formed by electrodeposited coating is little by the cylinder electrode internal layer that copper material constitutes relatively; The outer field waste of tool-electrode is reduced, and promptly tool-electrode center burn-off rate has so just compensated because the weakness that the workpiece that causes gradually becomes taper of gathering at processed bore edges place is considered in processing to be worth doing greater than edge.Tool-electrode keeps good cylindricity in the long period, not only can effectively improve the chip removal of processing, improves process velocity; And effectively reduced the horn mouth of processed aperture.
Description of drawings
The blind hole picture of accompanying drawing 1 common spark machined.
Accompanying drawing 2 different electrode electric spark small hole processing sketch mapes, wherein accompanying drawing 2 (a) is the electric spark small hole processing sketch map that adopts the basis brass hollow edged electrode; Accompanying drawing 2 (b) is the electric spark small hole processing sketch map that adopts combination electrode.Among the figure: 1-tool-electrode, 2-processing work.
Accompanying drawing 3 working depths are with the Changing Pattern of process time.Among the figure: T (min)-process time, D (the mm)-machining hole degree of depth, ▲-adopt the working depth of basis brass hollow edged electrode, ◆-working depth of combination electrode adopted.
Accompanying drawing 4 process velocities are with the Changing Pattern of process time.Among the figure: T (min)-process time, M (mm/min)-process velocity, ▲-adopt the process velocity of basis brass hollow edged electrode, ◆-process velocity of combination electrode adopted.
5 minutes rear electrode shape comparison diagrams of accompanying drawing 5 processing.Accompanying drawing 5 (a) is a basis brass hollow edged electrode picture, and accompanying drawing 5 (b) is chrome faced combination electrode picture.
The aperture photo that 6 two kinds of different electrodes of accompanying drawing process under same process conditions.A round is the processing of basis brass hollow edged electrode wherein, below a round be the combination electrode processing of chromium plating.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Adopt electric plating method to prepare chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode, the brass hollow edged electrode and the stereotype of degreasing treatment placed the coating bath that chromic acid plating bath is housed, the brass hollow edged electrode connects the negative pole of dc source, as negative electrode; Stereotype connects the positive pole of dc source; As anode; Chromium ion in the chromic acid plating bath obtains electron reduction and becomes the crome metal atom on the brass negative electrode, the surface of brass electrode obtains the chromium electrodeposited coating, forms chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode; Used chromic acid plating bath concentration is 250g/L in the coating bath, and the current density of DC current is 60A/dm
2, the area ratio of negative electrode and positive plate was got 1: 10; Electroplating temperature is 60 ℃, and thickness of coating is 0.04mm;
Utilize external diameter to be φ 1.54mm for φ 1.5mm, internal diameter for brass hollow edged electrode and the external diameter of φ 0.3mm respectively, chromium plating thickness is 0.04mm), internal diameter is that the chromium-plated brass hollow edged electrode of φ 0.3mm carries out electric spark small hole processing, and processing effect compared.Used machining tool is a D703F high-speed electric spark aperture machine, and pulse power positive pole connects workpiece to be machined in the processing, negative pole bonding tool electrode; Working solution is a running water; Pressure is 4Mp, and the workpiece to be machined material is No. 45 Fine Steel Casting irons, and tool-electrode rotation rotating speed is 120 rev/mins.Write down process time with digital stopwatch, process certain hour at every turn after, measure the degree of depth of machining hole, calculate the process velocity that working depth in the unit interval is spark machined.Machining voltage is 20V, and current strength is 10A, and current pulse width is 20 μ s.It is as shown in table 1 to record process time and working depth relation; According to table 1 paint working depth with process time variation tendency shown in accompanying drawing 3; The relation that calculates process velocity and process time is as shown in table 2, according to table 2 paint process velocity with process time variation tendency shown in accompanying drawing 4.Can find out that by attaching 3 figure and accompanying drawing 4 along with the increase of process time, the difference of both working depths and process velocity is increasing, when reaching 5 minutes process time, the working depth of combination electrode and process velocity reach nearly 2 times of basis brass hollow edged electrode.It can also be seen that from accompanying drawing 4 in 5 minute process time, the process velocity of combination electrode spark machined does not almost change, and the process velocity of single copper material electrode just begins remarkable decline when surpass 1.5min process time.
The relation of table 1 working depth and process time
The relation of table 2 process velocity and process time
Embodiment 2:
Used chromic acid plating bath concentration is 250g/L in the coating bath, and the current density of DC current is 30A/dm
2, the area ratio of negative electrode and positive plate was got 1: 5; Electroplating temperature is 40 ℃, use respectively external diameter as φ 1.5mm, internal diameter as the new brass hollow edged electrode of φ 0.3mm and external diameter as φ 1.54mm, internal diameter as the new chromium-plated brass hollow edged electrode processing of φ 0.3mm after 5 minutes, comparison electrode processing end is shown in accompanying drawing 5.Obviously find out by accompanying drawing 5; Behind the processing certain hour, combination electrode processing end face still keeps cylindricity preferably, and the processing of single brass electrode brings out and showed bigger tapering; And have tangible erosion to remove breach, this proves absolutely that combination electrode can improve the horn mouth problem of spark machined.Other is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Used chromic acid plating bath concentration is 250g/L in the coating bath, and the current density of DC current is 40A/dm
2, the area ratio of negative electrode and positive plate was got 1: 8; Electroplating temperature is 50 ℃; Utilize respectively external diameter for φ 3.0mm, internal diameter for the brass hollow edged electrode of φ 0.47mm and external diameter for φ 3.04mm, internal diameter chromium-plated brass hollow edged electrode, in the enterprising capable electric spark small hole processing of the little hole machine tool of D703F high-speed electric spark for φ 0.47mm.Pulse power positive pole connects workpiece to be machined in the processing, and negative pole bonding tool electrode, working solution are running water; Pressure is 4Mp, and workpiece to be machined is the corrosion resistant plate of thickness 7.8mm, and tool-electrode rotation rotating speed is 120 rev/mins; Machining voltage is 25V, and current strength is 17A, and current pulse width is 35 μ s.(notion of through hole described here is in process at the through hole of processing some on the workpiece; One finds spark from the ejection of bottom, hole, thinks that promptly the hole gets through, stops processing immediately); Utilize the axis symmetry of line cutting via hole to cut then; The result shown in accompanying drawing 6, each 10 of the through holes of two kinds of electrodes of random measurement processing, its dimensional parameters is as shown in table 3.The aperture tapering is the difference of diameter at the bottom of orifice diameter and the hole and the ratio of hole depth (7.8mm), and other is with embodiment 1.
The tapering contrast of the processed hole of table 3
Find out obviously that by accompanying drawing 6 and table 3 the aperture tapering of combination electrode processing is less than the aperture of single brass hollow edged electrode processing.The aperture average taper that can also be calculated combination electrode processing by table 3 has reduced more than 10%, and orifice diameter is more near desirable aperture φ 3mm.
Claims (1)
1. the combination electrode electrical discharge machining process is characterized in that it being a kind of technical scheme of utilizing the compound electrode of copper chromium to carry out electric spark small hole processing, and its concrete processing step is:
I, adopt electric plating method to prepare chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode, the brass hollow edged electrode and the stereotype of degreasing treatment placed the coating bath that chromic acid plating bath is housed, the brass hollow edged electrode connects the negative pole of dc source, as negative electrode; Stereotype connects the positive pole of dc source; As anode; Chromium ion in the chromic acid plating bath obtains electron reduction and becomes the crome metal atom on the brass negative electrode, the surface of brass electrode obtains the chromium electrodeposited coating, forms chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode; Used chromic acid plating bath concentration is 250g/L in the coating bath, and the current density of DC current is 30-60A/dm
2, the area ratio of negative electrode and positive plate gets 1: 5-1: 10; Electroplating temperature is 40-60 ℃;
II, utilize the combination electrode for preparing among the I to carry out electric spark small hole processing, pulse power positive pole connects work piece, and negative pole connects combination electrode; Working solution adopts running water, and its pressure is 4Mpa, and the excursion of processing electric current is 5-25A; The scope of current pulse width is 8-80 μ s, and the external diameter of combination electrode is φ 1.55-3.05mm, and chromium plating thickness is 0-0.05mm; Wherein do not comprise 0, internal diameter is φ 0.3-0.47mm, and the workpiece to be machined scope is the metal solid material of all conduction;
After III, processing small holes finish; After closing electric spark machine tool, the degree of depth of measured hole writes down its process time with digital stopwatch; Calculate the degree of depth of machining hole in the unit interval, be the process velocity that chrome faced brass tubulose combination electrode carries out electric spark small hole processing.
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| CN 201110150561 CN102205448B (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-06-02 | Process for machining electric spark small hole by using compound electrode |
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| CN 201110150561 CN102205448B (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-06-02 | Process for machining electric spark small hole by using compound electrode |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102950343B (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-10-15 | 大连理工大学 | Method using non-conductive plastic as electrode micro-machining structure |
| CN104107969A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-22 | 太原理工大学 | Electric spark small hole machining technology achieved through dispersing agent working solution and brass/nickel electrode |
| CN105397219A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-03-16 | 西南交通大学 | Piercing method for pure tungsten carbide turning insert without hole |
| CN107127411A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-05 | 天津市中环三峰电子有限公司 | A kind of processing electric discharge device and method that electrode is cut for thin-walled line |
| CN113829012B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-12-06 | 成都光明光电有限责任公司 | Glass discharge tube and method for producing the same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4080268A (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-03-21 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Method for high speed chromium plating of cylindrical articles |
| EP1475217A1 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Antiglare film, method of producing the same, anti-reflection film, polarizing plate, and image display device |
| CN201168841Y (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-12-24 | 莫俊荣 | Mainshaft head adjusting apparatus of electric spark high speed microhole EDM machine |
| CN101693311A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2010-04-14 | 刘延禄 | Method for manufacturing electrical discharge machining copper-based tool electrode |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06116783A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1994-04-26 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Chrome plating method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4080268A (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-03-21 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Method for high speed chromium plating of cylindrical articles |
| EP1475217A1 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Antiglare film, method of producing the same, anti-reflection film, polarizing plate, and image display device |
| CN201168841Y (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-12-24 | 莫俊荣 | Mainshaft head adjusting apparatus of electric spark high speed microhole EDM machine |
| CN101693311A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2010-04-14 | 刘延禄 | Method for manufacturing electrical discharge machining copper-based tool electrode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 王续跃等.分流法小孔电火花加工与试验.《光学精密工程》.2009,第17卷(第11期),2730-2737. * |
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Application publication date: 20111005 Assignee: Xiangyang hundred Thai Power Electronics Co., Ltd. Assignor: Taiyuan University of Technology Contract record no.: 2013420000150 Denomination of invention: Process for machining electric spark small hole by using compound electrode Granted publication date: 20121226 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20130916 |
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