Novel electrode composite electric machining device and machining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromachining, in particular to a novel electrode composite electromachining device and a processing method.
Background
Compared with the traditional metal material, the metal-based composite material has higher rigidity and strength; compared with silicon carbide-based materials, the toughness and impact performance are higher. Among metal matrix composites, the most widely used is an aluminum matrix composite, the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite is a composite in which aluminum or aluminum alloy is a continuous phase and ceramic particles are a second constituent phase, and the performance of the aluminum matrix composite depends on the characteristics, content, distribution and the like of the matrix alloy and the reinforcing phase. Aluminum matrix composites have many superior properties compared to matrix alloys.
The excellent properties of the metal matrix composite, which are different from the physical properties of the reinforcing phase and the metal matrix due to the composition and even stronger than the composition, determine that the metal matrix composite is an ultra-difficult-to-process material, especially the aluminum matrix composite is a typical material with high hardness, high strength and difficult to cut, and the processing becomes increasingly difficult with the increase of the reinforcing phase fraction and the increase of the ceramic particles, especially the difficulty of secondary processing is a bottleneck problem limiting the industrial application. The conventional processing method mainly comprises mechanical cutting processing, and the special processing method mainly comprises abrasive water jet processing, laser-assisted micro-cutting processing, ultrasonic-assisted grinding processing, electric spark grinding processing and electrochemical discharge processing, wherein the processing mechanisms of the special processing method are different and have respective advantages and disadvantages.
Although the processing speed of the electric discharge machining method is relatively low, the machining precision of electric discharge forming and electric discharge wire cutting is relatively high, and a complex geometric structure can be processed, so that the electric discharge machining is a relatively effective metal matrix composite material processing method at present, and researchers have conducted a great deal of research on the electric discharge machining technology of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material. In the process of processing the metal matrix composite material by adopting the electric spark processing technology, on one hand, the ceramic particles with high melting point are difficult to vaporize or melt in the processing process due to the very high melting point of the ceramic particles in the material, and the ceramic particles with high melting point are continuously aggregated on the processing surface along with the processing, so that the abnormal arc discharge phenomenon is caused, the electrode is damaged, and in addition, the surface quality of the workpiece processed by the electric spark is difficult to meet the actual requirement.
In particular, the particle-reinforced phase in the material is generally insulating particles such as ceramic or silicon nitride, and the material has a high melting point. Therefore, the particle phase is difficult to remove in a form of vaporization or melting in the processing process, but along with the processing, the particle materials of the reinforcing phase are continuously accumulated in the gap and are difficult to discharge from the processing gap, so that abnormal electric discharge processing phenomena are easy to cause, and the problems of poor processing quality, low processing efficiency, large electrode loss and the like are caused.
Researchers have designed novel tool electrodes such as grooving, edging, hollow and polygonal, and have attempted to promote the discharge of debris such as reinforcing phase particles, improve the machining efficiency of machined particle-reinforced metal matrix composites, improve the machining quality, and reduce the electrode loss by various methods of electric discharge machining, but the machined surface quality is not ideal.
When the traditional machining is used for machining the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, the cutter has large loss, and frequent replacement of the cutter easily causes the problems of low machining efficiency, high cost and the like. In addition, tool electrodes such as grooving, edging, hollowing, polygonal and the like are adopted, and the discharge of the particle reinforced phase can be promoted to a certain extent when the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material is processed by electric spark. However, in actual electric discharge machining, although the grain phase size varies and the electrode such as a groove, a chamfered edge, or a polygon can promote chip removal, the surface quality of machining is not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel electrode composite electric machining device and a machining method, which have the beneficial effects of strong chip removal capability, high machining efficiency, high machining precision and high machining quality, and are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a novel electrode composite electric processing device comprises a processing tank, a workpiece supporting seat for placing a workpiece is arranged on the inner side of the processing tank, a working fluid system is arranged on one side of the processing tank and comprises a working tank, a filter and a high-pressure pump, the working tank is made of insulating materials, a fluid outlet of the processing tank is connected with one end of a fluid guide pipe, the other end of the fluid guide pipe extends into the working tank, a fluid guide pipe immersed in working fluid is arranged in the working tank, one end of the fluid guide pipe is connected with a fluid inlet of the filter, a fluid outlet of the filter is connected with a fluid inlet of the high-pressure pump through the fluid guide pipe, the fluid outlet of the high-pressure pump is connected with a fluid inlet pipe of a rotary joint through the fluid guide pipe, the rotary joint is rotatably arranged on the fluid guide pipe, a spindle motor is arranged on the bottom, be equipped with the induced electricity screw on the high-speed swivel bearing, spindle motor's output passes through the chuck and is connected with the one end of tool electrode, and the cladding of tool electrode outside has the abrasive material layer, and the cross-section is annular wave form, and tool electrode middle part is equipped with flushes the hole.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the abrasive layer is formed by sintering copper powder and abrasive particles on a tool base body (the base body is made of iron or steel), the thickness of the abrasive layer is 0.5mm-10mm, and the particle size of the abrasive particles is 20 micrometers-150 micrometers.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the preparation method of the abrasive layer comprises the following steps: mixing copper powder and abrasive particles according to the proportion of 1: 0.1-1: 10, shaping by a mould, and sintering at 1000-1200 ℃, wherein the abrasive particles are carborundum.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the flushing pressure of the flushing hole is 0-20 MPa.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the rotating speed of the high-speed rotating bearing is 0-20000 rmp.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the tool supporting seat is matched with the workpiece.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the workpiece supporting seat is made of an easily conductive metal material, and the workpiece is made of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the bottom of the spindle motor is provided with a guide post, and the bottom of the guide post is provided with a guider.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the tool electrode outside is equipped with the bearing, and gum cover bearing fixing base is installed to the bearing outside, and gum cover bearing fixing base installs in guide post one side.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the workpiece is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply through a lead, the negative electrode of the pulse power supply is electrically connected with the electricity leading screw through a lead, the electricity leading screw is electrically connected with the control system through a lead, and the controller is electrically connected with the workpiece supporting seat through a lead.
The invention also provides a device and a method for processing the novel electrode composite electric machining, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1: placing a workpiece on a workpiece supporting seat;
s2: working liquid in the working groove enters the filter through the liquid guide pipe through the high-pressure pump, the filter filters the working liquid of the liquid guide pipe, the filtered working liquid is conveyed to the rotary joint through the liquid guide pipe under the action of the high-pressure pump and then enters the through hole of the main shaft motor, the filtered working liquid further flows to a machining area through the liquid flushing hole of the tool electrode, and particle enhanced phase debris in the machining gap is discharged out of the machining area through the annular wave groove of the tool electrode;
s3: the working liquid in the processing tank further enters the working tank through the liquid guide pipe.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the cross-section of the tool electrode is in a ring-shaped wave shape, a flushing hole is arranged in the middle of the tool electrode, and the flushing pressure of the flushing hole is 0-20 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tool electrode is coated with the abrasive layer and has a special-shaped structure with an annular wavy section, and the surface of a workpiece is ground by the abrasive layer on the surface of the tool electrode in the discharge machining process, so that the quality of the machined surface can be effectively improved, and the effect of grinding while discharging can be achieved.
2. The tool electrode with the special-shaped structure has larger chip removal space, is matched with a liquid flushing hole and a punching force formed under the action of a high-pressure pump, improves the scouring capability among poles, has stronger chip removal capability, and is particularly suitable for processing particle-reinforced metal matrix composite materials.
3. The invention can effectively improve the machining state between electrodes, has more stable discharge machining process, and can obviously improve the machining efficiency and the machining quality. Compared with the traditional chip removal mode, the invention has more obvious processing effect particularly in the processing of small holes.
4. The tool electrode has a larger chip removal space, and is matched with a high-speed liquid flushing hole and a larger flushing pressure (the flushing pressure is 0-20 Mpa), so that the flushing capacity between electrodes is improved, the high-speed rotating bearing (the rotating speed of the high-speed rotating bearing is 0-20000 rmp continuously adjustable) is used for controlling the high-speed rotation of the tool electrode, and the grinding capacity and the chip removal capacity of the high-speed rotating bearing are further enhanced. In addition, the rotation precision of the tool electrode during high-speed rotation is controlled through the guide device, the guide column and the like, and the machining precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the electrode machining state of the tool according to the present invention.
3 FIG. 33 3 is 3 a 3 schematic 3 cross 3- 3 sectional 3 view 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 32 3 according 3 to 3 the 3 present 3 invention 3. 3
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of an electrode machining state of a comparative tool according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B in fig. 4.
The labels in the figure are:
a processing tank 1, a workpiece supporting seat 2,
a working liquid system 3, a working tank 31, a filter 32, a high-pressure pump 33, a working liquid 34,
the grinding machine comprises a rotary joint 4, a spindle motor 5, a high-speed rotary bearing 6, a power lead screw 7, a chuck 8, a tool electrode 9, a flushing hole 10, a guide post 11, a guider 12, a rubber sleeve bearing fixing seat 13, a pulse power supply 14, a control system 15, a workpiece 16, a machining gap 17 and a grinding material layer 18.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a novel electrode combined electrical machining apparatus includes a machining tank 1, a workpiece support seat 2 for placing a workpiece 16 is disposed inside the machining tank 1, and a tool support seat is matched with the workpiece 16; the workpiece support seat 2 is made of an easily conductive metal material, and the workpiece 16 is made of a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material; a working liquid system 3 is arranged on one side of the processing tank 1, the working liquid system 3 comprises a working tank 31, a filter 32 and a high-pressure pump 33, the working tank 31 is made of insulating materials, a liquid guide pipe immersed in working liquid 34 is arranged in the working tank 31, one end of the liquid guide pipe is connected with a liquid inlet of the filter 32, and a liquid outlet of the filter 32 is connected with a liquid inlet of the high-pressure pump 33 through the liquid guide pipe; the liquid outlet of the processing groove 1 is connected with one end of the liquid guide pipe, the other end of the liquid guide pipe extends into the working groove 31, the working liquid 34 in the processing groove 1 further enters the working groove 31 through the liquid guide pipe, so that the working liquid 34 can circularly flow, the working liquid 34 for processing the tool electrode 9 can be updated, the processing stability in the discharge processing process is improved, the processing efficiency is improved, the processing quality is improved, and compared with the traditional chip removal mode in the processing of deep holes, the processing effect of the invention is more obvious; a liquid outlet of the high-pressure pump 33 is connected with a liquid inlet of the rotary joint 4 through a liquid guide pipe, the rotary joint 4 is rotatably arranged on the liquid guide pipe, a spindle motor 5 is arranged at the bottom side of the rotary joint 4, a guide post 11 is arranged at the bottom of the spindle motor 5, a guider 12 is arranged at the bottom of the guide post 11, and the rotation precision of the tool electrode 9 during high-speed rotation is controlled through the guider 12, the guide post 11 and the like, so that the processing precision is improved; the spindle motor 5 is hollow, the rotary joint 4 is connected with the spindle motor 5 through a through hole of the spindle motor 5, the output end of the spindle motor 5 is provided with a high-speed rotating bearing 6, the rotating speed of the high-speed rotating bearing 6 is 0-20000 rmp, the high-speed rotating bearing 6 is provided with an electric lead screw 7, the output end of the spindle motor 5 is connected with one end of a tool electrode 9 through a chuck 8, the outer side of the tool electrode 9 is coated with a grinding material layer 18, the cross section of the tool electrode is annular wavy, a flushing hole 10 is formed in the middle of the tool electrode 9, and the flushing pressure of the flushing hole 10 is 0-20 MPa; a bearing is arranged on the outer side of the tool electrode 9, a rubber sleeve bearing fixing seat 13 is arranged on the outer side of the bearing, and the rubber sleeve bearing fixing seat 13 is arranged on one side of the guide post 11; referring to fig. 2, the special-shaped electrode has a larger chip removal space, and is matched with the liquid flushing hole 10 and the punching force formed under the action of the high-pressure pump 33, so that the erosion capacity between electrodes is improved, the special-shaped electrode has a stronger chip removal capacity, and the special-shaped electrode is particularly suitable for processing of the particle-reinforced metal matrix composite. In addition, when the working fluid 34 is replaced by an electrolyte with conductivity, the chip removal mode of the new method can be used in the processes of electrolytic combined machining, electrochemical discharge combined machining and the like, and the method is suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality small hole or milling machining of various materials.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece 16 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the pulse power supply 14 through a conductive wire, the negative electrode of the pulse power supply 14 is electrically connected to the electric lead screw 7 through a conductive wire, the electric lead screw 7 is electrically connected to the control system 15 through a conductive wire, and the controller is electrically connected to the workpiece support base 2 through a conductive wire.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the working principle of the present invention is: when the invention needs to process a workpiece 16, the working liquid 34 in the working tank 31 enters the filter 32 through the liquid guide tube by the high-pressure pump 33, the filter 32 filters the working liquid 34 of the liquid guide tube, the filtered working liquid 34 passes through the liquid guide tube under the action of the high-pressure pump 33, the filtered working liquid 34 is conveyed to the rotary joint 4 by the liquid guide tube and then enters the through hole arranged in the middle of the motor main shaft, and further flows to a processing area through the high-speed liquid flushing hole 10 of the tool electrode 9, during the high-speed rotation of the tool electrode 9, the machining chips in the machining gap 17 are discharged out of the machining area through the section groove of the tool electrode 9, the special-shaped electrode with large chip discharge space and stronger chip discharge capacity is used as the tool electrode 9, meanwhile, the flushing holes 10 and the large flushing pressure formed under the action of the high-pressure pump 33 are matched, so that the flushing capacity between the poles is greatly improved. In addition, the outer side of the tool electrode is coated with the abrasive layer, the tool electrode has a special-shaped structure with an annular wavy section, and the surface of a workpiece is ground by the abrasive layer on the surface of the tool electrode in the discharge machining process, so that the quality of the machined surface can be effectively improved, and the effect of grinding while discharging can be achieved.
Referring to fig. 4-5, as a comparative tool electrode of the present invention, the tool electrode of fig. 4-5 differs from the tool electrode of the present invention only in that the tool electrode has a circular cross-section, rather than the electrode of the present invention having a special-shaped structure with a circular wavy cross-section; obviously, the special-shaped electrode has grinding capacity, larger chip removal space and stronger chip removal capacity, and is particularly suitable for processing the particle reinforced metal matrix composite. The invention breaks through the manufacturing bottleneck of the existing particle reinforced metal matrix composite processing technology, and meanwhile, the excellent chip removal capability and the updating capability of the working solution 34 of the new method are expected to break through the manufacturing bottleneck of high precision, high surface quality and high depth-diameter ratio in the existing small hole processing.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.