CN1016445B - 润滑剂乳化液 - Google Patents

润滑剂乳化液

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Publication number
CN1016445B
CN1016445B CN87108274A CN87108274A CN1016445B CN 1016445 B CN1016445 B CN 1016445B CN 87108274 A CN87108274 A CN 87108274A CN 87108274 A CN87108274 A CN 87108274A CN 1016445 B CN1016445 B CN 1016445B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
emulsion
lubricant
component
tackiness agent
ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN87108274A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN87108274A (zh
Inventor
威廉·弗朗西斯·马威克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd
Original Assignee
Alcan International Ltd Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcan International Ltd Canada filed Critical Alcan International Ltd Canada
Publication of CN87108274A publication Critical patent/CN87108274A/zh
Publication of CN1016445B publication Critical patent/CN1016445B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/02Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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Abstract

金属加工用的润滑剂,其中包括由下列组分所组成的乳化水溶液,即(a)一种长链脂肪族酯,酰胺,醇或酸类,(b)作为短效乳化剂的一种长链脂肪酸的铵或挥发性胺盐类。当润滑剂施用于片材(如具铬酸盐或阳极氧化所成的保护表面薄层的金属铝),水分和氨或挥发性胺蒸发,而留下在储存时稳定的疏水性润滑剂。该片材可制成由成型部件粘合而成的结构件。

Description

本发明是有关一种润滑剂乳化液,特别是有关能够就地生成的金属加工用的润滑剂,例如用于压制金属片材的润滑剂。近年来汽车制造业中,应用成形铝材制成粘合结构件的方法已被人们所关注。例如在EPA    127343中对该方法有过描述。而本发明的润滑剂即可适用于该方法。将金属铝卷材制成应用于汽车制造的成形部件的结构件的方法一般包括以下步骤:
-金属表面经过预处理,在其表面生成结合力极强的无机质保护层,该保护层可作为后工序施用的粘合剂的底层。
-对经过预处理的金属卷材施加润滑剂。在润滑剂对经处理的金属表面进行保护情况下,将卷材进行储存或运输。并且将卷材切制成备用作压制成形的片材。
-金属片材经压制加工制成所需形状的部件。本文所述压制加工主要是指拉延,或是伸张操作。本操作及以下各操作皆在汽车生产线上进行。
-在成形部件的特定位置上施加粘合剂,但无需首先将润滑剂清除。
-部件可组装成所需的构型,并可经点焊而使构件获得生强度。
-在加热下使粘合剂固化。
-构件金属表面经碱性洗涤剂水溶液处理,以清除润滑剂。
-结构件喷涂油漆。
在上述方法中所使用的润滑剂应满足下列各项要求:
a)润滑剂必须具有适用于压制加工操作的各种润滑剂特性。
b)在大约金属材料储存温度下,润滑剂需呈固态。而液态的润滑剂薄膜难于在卷材上均匀地分布。
c)即使是在高湿度条件下储存,润滑剂对于金属表面所生成的无机质预处理层都不应产生损害作用。
d)用于在实际生产中,不可能在施用粘合剂之前除去润滑剂,因此润滑剂必须与粘合剂有良好的相容性。
e)当粘合剂施用及固化之后,润滑剂应易于被碱性洗涤剂水溶液清除,该洗涤剂是一类常用于洗净欲喷涂油漆的金属表面的洗涤剂。
本申请人在欧洲专利申请86309498中叙述了一种能满足上述各项要求的润滑剂,其中包括了至少一种多元醇的酯类,该多元醇具有二个或三个羟基,而其中一个或二个羟基被一长链的羧酸所酯化。该润滑剂主要是用于含挥发性的烃类溶剂的溶液中的金属片材,但它在大规模生产操作中的应用则很不安全。
市售的一种Crodalube    MA    10润滑剂(由英国Doncaster,Croda    Metal    Treatments    Limited销售),其中包括一种由脂肪酸的单甘油酯与椰油所组成的混合物,而它是由烷基苯磺酸钠在水中乳化。当施用乳化液并使水分蒸发后,可以发现亲水性极强的乳化剂则可损坏金属铝表面的无机质预处理层。
本发明的一个目的是,提供一种可通过制成水溶液而在金属加工中应用的润滑剂,而且即使是在潮湿条件下储存,它对金属铝的无机质预处理层也不会产生损坏作用。本发明目的可通过短效乳化剂(fugitivecmulsifier)的应用而实现。短效乳化剂在其它领域中的应用是已知的,例如在制造地板增光蜡乳剂中的应用,其中要求施用和干燥后的光蜡必须是防水的。但是相信短效乳化剂在此之前并未应用于金属加工用的润滑剂中。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种含下列组分的乳化水溶液,即(a)至 少一种长链脂肪族酯、酰胺、醇或酸类,(b)一种长链脂肪族酸类的铵或挥发性胺的盐类,而其浓度足以稳定乳化液。乳化液具有一种特性,即当水分和氨或挥发性胺蒸发后,可形成一种适于在金属加工中应用的润滑剂。
所述在金属加工中应用的润滑剂最好是适用于压制成形加工,尤其是适用于主要包括拉延法的压制成形,而不是伸张法成形加工。而且该润滑剂最好具备与一类粘合剂的相容性,该等粘合剂是可应用于汽车生产线,而一般是单组分的热固性环氧基粘合胶。各种润滑剂皆可降低粘结强度,如果含有润滑剂时新制备的粘合剂的粘结强度,与不含粘合剂时比较,至少是后者的50%(最好至少是70%),那么该润滑剂可认为是与粘合剂相容的。
优选的组分(a)中具八个至十八个碳原子单羧酸的基本结构。更优选的组分(a)是由上述酸类与一元醇或多元醇的酯类。而该组分最好是一种由二元醇或多元醇与上述酸类(尤其是与十个至十四个碳原子的饱和单羧酸)所成的偏酯,最优选的实例是乙二醇单月桂酸酯。
可基于下述几个因素来优选组分(a)。首先在一定程度上,酯类在压制加工成形中的润滑性能比起具相当分子量的酰胺、醇或酸类更好。如果长链脂肪族基团链太短的话,润滑性能就差;而如果基团链太长的话,则与粘合剂的相容性就会降低。一般来说酯类分子量和其与粘合剂的相容性成反比的关系。对于醇类来说,具有三个以上极性基团的醇类,例如季戊四醇,聚乙二醇等则偏向于促使水移入粘接处,从而比起一元、二元或三元醇来说,其与粘合剂的相容性较差。一般说来,具有未结合的羟基的偏酯与具相当分子量的全酯相比较来说,其熔点比较高,这样可以配制成在常温下呈固态的润滑剂。但另一方面具有高熔点的硬质润滑剂对于伸张操作来说,比较其应用于拉延操作,则更为有利,然而拉延操作在压力加工成形生产线上比伸张的应用更广泛。为了取得所需的 最好性能,可以应用各种组分的混合物。
组分(b)为短效乳化剂。它可以是氨或挥发性胺与一种长链的脂肪族酸(最好是八个至十八个碳原子的单羧酸)组成的盐类。一种优选的乳化剂是硬脂酸铵。优选的乳化剂用量为乳化液中非挥发组分的5至20%(重量)。乳化液中的非挥发组分可占10至60%,这样可使其具有一定的粘度,因而使用时更为便利。当使用其用量的低限时适合用喷涂法;而其高限用量适合于滚涂法。
制备乳化液的简便方法是将需要量的氨或挥发性胺溶于水中,将其与组分(a)和组分(b)之长链脂肪酸组成的混合物加热,并且快速搅拌该混合物以形成稳定的乳化液。当乳化液施用于金属表面时,水分、氨或挥发性胺蒸发,而留下了由组分(a)和长链脂肪酸组成的润滑剂混合物。在室温下该润滑剂最好呈固态或半固态,例如在20-50℃下熔解,这样可避免在卷材,拉直卷材,剪切或切割时产生涂污或堵塞的问题。应用在室温下呈固态的润滑剂,可避免金属表面受到与粘合剂不相容的油质和其它杂物的污染,并且可以避免润滑剂局部过厚的问题。为此,组分(a)之熔点不需要太高;而润滑剂熔点取决于组分(a)和组分(b)之长链脂肪酸的结合情况。
润滑剂的熔点需较低,从而使其可通过碱性洗涤剂水溶液(例如用于汽车制造工业生产线上处理欲喷涂油漆的金属件的洗涤剂水溶液)的处理而由金属表面除去。实际生产中,所用的碱性清净剂水溶液的最高温度约为70℃,由此熔点低于70℃(最好低于65℃)的润滑剂就可以用碱性洗涤剂水溶液清除。如果润滑剂熔点高过70℃,它能否被清除则取决于其是否具有一定的化学基团,例如能与碱作用而有助于它从金属表面清除的羟基等。举例来说,一种市售蜡质,其熔点为85℃,酸值为135-155(由德国工业标准DIN测定),发现这种蜡质并不能由碱性洗涤剂水溶液除去。而另一方面,硬脂酸单甘油酯,其熔点为81℃, 而其分子中含有二个未结合的羟基,它就可由碱性洗涤剂水溶液清除。当一种润滑剂在70℃的15%(重量)Ridoline    160(一种硅酸盐基的专用洗涤剂,由I.C.I.plc销售)经2分钟处理后,即可被清除的话,即可认为该润滑剂可被碱性洗涤剂水溶液清除。
按其应用的情况,需使润滑剂与随后施用的粘合剂具有相容性。一般对于此处所述酯类和其它的组分(a)来说,由于它们可被随后施用的粘合剂所吸收或取代,而不致显著地损害所具的粘合剂结合强度因此,它们具有相容性。相反树脂质的润滑剂和金属皂质润滑剂一般与粘合剂是不相容的。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种金属片材加工成形的方法,该方法包括下列步骤,即将所述的乳化水溶液施用于金属片材,除去水分、氨或挥发性胺,及将经过润滑的金属片材进行加工处理。
本发明的另外一个方面是提供一种由成形铝部件加工成结构件的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
-铝片材经过预处理,在其表面生成结合力极强的无机质保护层,该保护层可作为后工序施用的粘合剂的底层;
-在经过处理的片材上施用所述的乳化水溶液,使水、氨或挥发性胺蒸发;
-将经过润滑的片材经压力加工制成铝部件;
-将粘合剂施用于部件上;
-将成形部件组装成所需形状的结构件,并将粘合剂固化。
在喷涂油漆之前,所制成的结构件可在碱性洗涤剂水溶液作用下清除润滑剂。
所述的铝质不仅包括纯金属铝,还包括富铝合金,尤其是作为车辆制造用材的各类铝材质,如系列号为2000,5000和6000(Aluminium    Association    Inc.Register)的材料。
为满足应用上的要求,金属片材应具有适当的强度,但不应过分刚硬,以致不能在连续进行的表面预处理中绕起卷材。金属片材厚度在一定程度上取决于所用的合金材质不同而有所变化,一般为0.7至3.0微米,而最好是1.2至2.5毫米。
生成结合力强的保护层的过程包括了对铝卷材的预处理。卷片材长度未限定时,即意味着金属材是卷曲的。为便于储存,金属片材一般是卷起而储放。而在预处理时自然需要暂时伸直。为了使预处理真正连续进行,卷材的尾端可与下一个卷材的前端相连接。在预处理中,通过预处理形成的表面层来取代通常在空气中铝表面所形成的氧化层。通过预处理所形成的表层材料很薄,一般厚度小于0.4微米。由于其化学组成不固定因此难于确定。例如该层材料可以是一种氧化层,或是一种转化覆盖层如铬酸盐转化层。
表面预处理需满足以下几项要求。它必须适用于由卷材拉直成的金属材料,即其作用应相当快速,因此惯用的磷酸阳极氧化最好不予采用。所形成的表层需避免在其随后的各操作过程中受到损害,包括加工成形,粘合剂固化和喷涂油漆前的处理等操作过程。此外,该表层应与粘合剂有相容性,而且尽可能与油漆也具有相容性。
为了提供金属片之间的稳固、耐久的良好底层,无机质预材料层应当具有足够的厚度。而且为了满足在润滑剂存在下长时期储放的需要,该预处理层也需要相当厚。另一方面,如预处理层过厚的话,不仅耗费大,而且当干燥和/或压制成形时则易于碎裂(取决于不同预处理而定)。此外,如果预处理层太厚,其电阻率则太高致使点焊产生困难。一般形成的预处理层干态重量为0.03至1.0(最好是0.1至0.5)克/米2。最佳厚度值取决于预处理过程的特性。
其中一种适用的预处理是由Pyrene    Chemical    Service    Ltd.销售的商品为Bonderite    735处理方法。籍此可沉积0.03至0.9(最好是0.1 至0.3)克/米2的表层,而且可使粘合件强度高而稳固。这种表层据信主要由水合磷酸铬组成,并在铝/转化层界面带少量的氧化铬和氟化铝。推荐的处理步骤包括:用酸液喷洗,水喷洗,喷涂转化层,水喷洗及热风干燥。
另一种优选用的预处理方法是由Albright    &    Wilson    Limited销售商品名为“无淋洗”(“no    rinse”)的方法。该处理方法尤其适用于卷材的覆涂,因它包括用滚筒覆涂铬酸盐基表层,而该表层呈惰性,此外它无需随后进行水洗。该过程可大大降低对排放液的处理需要,而且使处理过程简化并易于控制。推荐的处理步骤包括:用酸液喷洗,水喷洗,滚筒覆涂处理层(Accomet    C)及干燥。
其它适用的预处理包括一种交替的铬酸盐-磷酸盐覆盖层,例如由I.C.I.销售的商品名为Alodine    407/47的处理方法。还有也可应用阳极氧化处理方法,例如在热硫酸中的交流(AC)阳极氧化法(参阅英国专利说明书1235661号)。以及应用如GB    2139540    A中所描述的各种处理方法。
本发明的乳化水溶液是施用于经上述预处理后的铝材,并且使水分、氨或挥发性胺蒸发。同时须有足够的润滑剂,以提供储放时的保护作用及压力加工时所需的润滑剂。另一方面如果润滑剂量太多,可能会使随后施加的粘合剂的强度降低。
将覆盖了保护层和润滑剂的金属铝材切成所需的片材。在进行切割之前或之后,铝材通常需要储存数个月之久。已知在储放时,可能由于水解的缘故,铝表面的预处理层易于损坏。为此在实际生产中,经预处理的铝材通常不储放长时间,而需立即施加其它材料如油漆,清漆或粘合剂。原则上要求润滑剂层应能起到保护预处理层而免受水解的作用。但在实际上如果应用传统的乳化剂,而将润滑剂以乳化水溶液形式施用,那么它并不能增强预处理层的储存稳定性,反而将促使预处理层受损害。 据信这是由于亲水性的乳化剂可促使水分吸引到预处理层的缘故。另外在施用及固化粘合剂之后,也可发生类似的作用,即乳化剂仍存在于粘合剂连接处,而使水分吸引到连接部分,导致预处理层的水解,而慢慢使粘结性降低。
然而可发现本发明提供的润滑剂却具有良好的保护作用,因此即使是在高湿度条件下进行长时间储放,预处理保护层也很稳定。而且也可作为随后施加的粘合剂的有效的基底层。
金属片材随后可进行压力加工制成部件。接着无需经过除去润滑剂的中间过程(该中间过程在实际生产线上是难于实施的),而将粘合剂施加于部件的选择性位置上。
所用的粘合剂应能在部件之间形成足够稳固的粘结性,并且可抵受润滑剂的作用,此外应当能够在不同的条件下仍然保持其结合强度,上述条件是指例如,在用作汽车结构件情况下,至少在其使用期中所需抵受的各种条件是温度,湿度及腐蚀等。此外,粘合剂应能在经预处理部件表面显示其上述各种特性。
所用粘合剂还需经过固化,而固化条件应不致于对结构件造成损害,而且该结构件应是强固的并且不会脆裂。为取得所需的抗冲击强度,可在粘合剂中混入增强剂,如橡胶材质。
虽然对粘合剂的要求较严格,但仍可在市售的产品出找出合宜的产品。由不同公司出售的丙烯酸基粘合剂,乙烯基增塑溶胶,环氧树脂及橡胶质粘合剂之中,优选的粘合剂是单组分热固性环氧基胶质粘合剂。
当施用了所需的未固化粘合剂的部件进行组装时,在粘合剂固化之前或固化过程中,部件需加于固持。可以应用夹具或铆接方法进行固持,但是在大规模生产线上,更简便的方法是应用点焊法。应用点焊法还可防止剥落。将粘合和点焊结合起来的方法是已知的焊粘结合法(Weldbonding)在《焊粘接结合法-铝质合金车身的新的连接方法》 (T17,由Aluminium    Association出版,1978年)一文中已有描述,另外可参见GB    2139540    A。
粘合剂需要在适当的条件下进行固化以取得所需要的结构件,固化条件如在150-180℃温度下固化10-30分钟。如果结构件还需要喷涂油漆的情况下,固化之后的下一个工序是清洗,为进行清洗,尤其是清除润滑剂,例如可用常用的含缓蚀剂的碱性洗涤剂。为此上述的无机质预处理层需加予选择,从而使其不致于在清洗过程中遭到破坏。接着进行最后的油漆喷涂。另外结合的防护层必须与所用的油漆具相容性,而且必须为油漆层提供良好的底层。
以下各实施例可说明本发明。
实施例1
为测试各种不同的润滑剂与粘合剂的相容性进行下列实验。
先按下列配方配制润滑剂乳化液:
酯:18份(重量)(见表1)
硬酯酸:2份(重量)
5%氨水溶液:80份(重量)
将各组分加热混合并快速搅拌以制成稳定的乳化液。将各润滑剂乳化液施用于金属铝片材,该铝片材已事前经非水洗铬(Ⅵ)酸铬转化覆涂层的预处理,涂层重6克/米2。蒸发乳化液,从而在金属表面形成相当均匀的润滑剂层,将金属材切割成100毫米×20毫米的试样,并组装成单叠接部件(重叠部分为20毫米×10毫米)。所应用的粘合剂为单组分环氧基XMG38(National Adhesives,Slough出品)。测得的结合强度如下表所示:
酯    润滑剂涂层重    结合强度
(克/米2) (MPa)
单月桂酸甘油酯    6.2    19.6
季戊四醇单硬脂酸酯    6.6    17.0
乙二醇单月桂酸酯    7.2    16.6
单棕榈酸甘油酯    4.2    16.3
乙二醇单硬脂酸酯    6.0    14.7
二棕榈酸甘油酯    5.5    13.4
丙三醇二硬脂酸酯    5.3    12.6
无润滑剂    21.7
通过在润滑剂存在下,测定结合强度的下降值来对润滑剂与粘合剂的相容性进行评估。应提出的是,润滑剂与粘合剂的相容性一般与润滑剂分子量值成反比的关系,更具体地说是与酯的疏水性组分大小成反比。高分子量的烃类润滑剂,例如H    7002(由Birminghan,Edgar    Vaughan出品)与单组分环氧基粘合剂的相容性较差,尤其对于在一般应用中常需要具有较高抗冲击强度的高粘度粘合剂其相容性更差。而低分子量烃类,例如十八碳烷在压力加工中作为润滑剂是不理想的。
在另一个类似的实验中,应用一种单组分粘合胶带XB    5006(Ciba-Geigy,Ouxford出品),但对粘合剂的相容性的评估标准则有所区别,如果在所用的润滑剂酯中存在大亲性水部分,那么所得到的粘结性较差,该酯类是丙三醇二硬脂酸酯和季戊四醇单硬脂酸酯。
实施例2
本实施例对于润滑剂与铝片材上经预处理所生成的结合力强的无机质防护层之间的相容性进行说明。
将1.6毫米铝质AA    5251合金规范试样片材经过下列不同的预处理过程:
(1)采用Bonderite 735过程(Pyrene Chemical Services Limited.Iver,Bucks)经浸涂法覆涂铬(Ⅵ)酸盐转化层,覆盖层重为200毫克/米2
(2)采用交流热磷酸液阳极氧化法,浴温45℃,电流密度600安培/米2,时间10秒钟。
用三种不同的润滑剂施用于各经过预处理的片材,然后将片材切成100毫米×20毫米的试样片,并且用单组分环氧基粘合剂ESP    105(Permabond,Southampton出品)粘结成带10毫米×20毫米单叠合的连接件。
由于本实施例的实验目的是为了测试储放时润滑剂与无机质保护层的相容性,下列表中前两种润滑剂是通过在有机溶剂中的溶液施用。在短时间内,乳化水溶液和含有机溶剂的溶液与无机质保护层皆有相容性。
通过三种不同粘结情况来测定粘结强度,并列表说明粘合情况如下:
润滑剂    预处理    A    B    C
硬脂酸环己酯    阳极阳化    19.4    19.8    13.2
(4重量份)加    铬酸盐    18.4    17.8    9.3
癸二醇(1重量份)
乙烯基双硬脂酰胺    阳极阳化    19.8    19.1    8.9
(4重量份)加    铬酸盐    19.6    18.3    5.9
硬脂酸(1重量份)
Crodalube    MA    10    阳极氧化    18.5    2.5    1.3
铬酸盐    19.0    11.9    5.7
无润滑剂    阳极氧化    21.2    20.8    12.8
铬酸盐    21.1    12.8    6.9
其中A表示经过润滑后制成粘合件,并即将其经过固化所得的新连接件。
B表示经固化的新连接件,它是经润滑后制成的粘合件在25℃,
98%相对湿度下储存6周后,将粘合件固化而制得的。
C表示按B所制得的连接件,并在中性盐液(40℃,5%氯化钠)中淋洗8周来进行老化。
通过与未加润滑剂(上表中最后一行)时的结合强度的比较,即可评估润滑剂与预处理保护层的相容性。在上表A栏中,可以看出所形成的结合强度皆令人满意,因而各测试的润滑剂皆与粘合剂相容。在B栏中,由于结合强度很低,可表明Crodalube    MA    10润滑剂与预处理保护层无相容性。已经指出过Crodalube    MA    10是一种含有持久性的烷基苯磺酸钠乳化剂的润滑剂乳化液。而上表中前二行所示的润滑剂则不包含持久性的乳化剂,因而在储放时,并不损害预处理保护层。而在某些情 况下更能对预处理层产生防护作用,因此在经过储存之后,可增加粘合件的结合强度。另外由C栏可以看出,在连接件经过腐蚀性液中存放处理后,仍可以基本上保持由B栏所示的良好效果。
实施例3
将1.6毫米的规范铝质5251合金试样经过预处理,该处理是一种应用于卷材而生成含铬酸盐表层的过程(Accomet C,由Albright & Wilson plc销售),覆盖层重约150毫克/米2。在经过预处理片材上施用两种不同的润滑剂,一种是Crodalube MA 10(如上所述),而另一种润滑剂是以水为基质,并包含本发明所提出的短效乳化剂,其组成如下:
乙二醇单月桂酸酯:18份(重量)
硬脂酸:2份(重量)
5%氨水溶液:80份(重量)
将各组分加热,混合并快速搅拌,以形成稳定的乳化液。所制得的润滑剂如下所示标记为EGML。
按实施例2所述方法,将经过润滑的片材进行切割,并组装成带重叠的连接件,其中应用了Epoxy    weld    7060(一种由Stafford,Evode    Limited出品的单组分环氧基粘合胶)进行粘合。通过五种不同连接件来测试结合强度,并列表说明粘合情况如下:
粘合剂    涂层重    A    B    C    D    E
MA 10 5克/米222.1 18.5 17.6 17.3 13.5
EGML 5克/米223.7 20.6 19.s 19.4 18.4
其中A表示经过润滑后制成的粘合件,并将其经过固化而制成的新连接件。
B    表示经润滑后粘合的新连接件,并在固化后经过中性盐水(43℃的5%氯化钠)喷淋12周。
C    表示经固化的新连接件,它是将经润滑后制成的粘合件在25℃,98%相对湿度下储存2周后再固化而制得的。
D    表示按C所制得的连接件,并经过中性盐水喷淋处理4周。
E    表示按C所制得的连接件,并经过中性盐水喷淋处理12周。
通过本实施例也可以看出,不论连接件在进行固化之前或固化之后是否需经受腐蚀性液处理,对于EGML(一种带短效性乳化剂的润滑剂)来说,其相应的结合强度的降低程度皆比对照的润滑剂Crodalube    MA10(基于月桂酸酯而带长效性乳化剂)要小。再此可以说明本发明所产生的优良效应。

Claims (11)

1、一种水基乳化液,该乳化液包括下列组分:(a)至少一种长链的脂肪族酯、酰胺、醇或酸,(b)一种长链脂肪族酸的铵盐或挥发性胺的盐,并且其浓度足以稳定该乳化液,该乳化液具有的特性是,当水分、氨或挥发性胺蒸发后,形成适用于金属加工的润滑剂。
2、按照权利要求1的乳化液,其中组分(a)是一种含八至十八个碳原子的饱和单羧酸的酯类。
3、按照权利要求1的乳化液,其中组分(a)是一种由二元或多元醇与含十至十四个碳原子的饱和单羧酸所成的偏酯。
4、按照权利要求3的乳化液,其中组分(a)是单月桂酸乙二醇酯。
5、按照权利要求1至4中任一项的乳化液,其中组分(b)是硬脂酸铵。
6、按照权利要求1至4中任一项的乳化液,其中组分(b)的份量占非挥发成分量的5-20%。
7、按照权利要求1至4中任一项的乳化液,其中润滑剂在室温呈固态或半固态。
8、按照权利要求7的乳化液,其中润滑剂的熔点范围为20-50℃。
9、按照权利要求1至4中任一项的乳化液,其中润滑剂适用于压力加工过程。
10、按照权利要求1至4中任一项的乳化液,其中润滑剂与单组分式热固化的环氧树脂粘合胶有相容性。
11、一种权利要求1至10中所述水基乳化液的用途,其特征在于所述乳化液是用于金属片状料的成型。
CN87108274A 1986-12-29 1987-12-28 润滑剂乳化液 Expired CN1016445B (zh)

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