CN101634014B - 通过cvd方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法以及用于实施该方法的室 - Google Patents

通过cvd方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法以及用于实施该方法的室 Download PDF

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CN101634014B
CN101634014B CN2009101492958A CN200910149295A CN101634014B CN 101634014 B CN101634014 B CN 101634014B CN 2009101492958 A CN2009101492958 A CN 2009101492958A CN 200910149295 A CN200910149295 A CN 200910149295A CN 101634014 B CN101634014 B CN 101634014B
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G·布伦宁格
A·艾格纳
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Abstract

本发明涉及通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法,其中通过在顶部受窗约束且在底部受平面E约束的通道输送沉积气体,其中所述窗能透过热辐射,并且要涂敷的半导体晶片的表面位于平面E中。输送沉积气体经过半导体晶片的速度是变化的,这是由于在所述窗的中心区域和在所述窗的边缘区域,所述平面与窗之间的距离D在外侧大于内侧,并且在中心区域与边缘区域之间的边界处,所述距离的径向分布的切线与所述平面形成不小于15°且不大于25°的角,其中窗的中心区域是覆盖半导体晶片的窗的内侧区域,而窗的边缘区域是不覆盖半导体晶片的窗的外侧区域。本发明进一步涉及用于通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的室,以及包括外延层的半导体晶片。

Description

通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法以及用于实施该方法的室
本发明涉及在室中通过CVD(″化学气相沉积″)方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法,包括将沉积气体从室的进气口,经过半导体晶片,输送到室的出气口,其中通过在顶部受窗约束的通道输送沉积气体,该窗能透过热辐射。
用于通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的室的典型结构举例来说见述于US 6,325,858B 1。该室分成上半部和下半部。上半部用盖板封闭,也称为上室。盖板包括形成盖板侧壁的基部和由石英组成的可透过热辐射的窗。基部在室的侧壁上,室的侧壁配有进气口和布置在后者对面的出气口。位于上半部和下半部之间的是容纳要涂敷的半导体晶片的感受器(Suszeptor)。感受器用带蜘蛛状臂的支架固定并且可以借助支架上升、下降和旋转。室的下半部用类似于盖板的基板封闭,所述基板类似地可透过热辐射。触发布置在盖板上面和基板下面的灯,以便在安置在室中的半导体晶片上沉积层。沉积气体通过进气口引导到出气口并且经过路径上的半导体晶片。在此情况下,它流动通过受顶部窗约束的通道。
通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层时的挑战之一是要求沉积层能够达到层厚度尽可能均匀。评价层厚度变化的一种测量方法是变化范围,定义为层的最高厚度tmax和最小厚度tmin之差。由此导出的参数R描述了该差的半值与平均厚度tm之比的百分数,根据公式R=100%*(tmax-tmin)/2*tm进行计算。相应地,层厚度越均匀,R的值越小。
US 2002/0020358 A1致力于改善通过CVD方法沉积的层的厚度均匀性。其中所述的方法包括生成特别的反应区域(″Prewafer reaction layer″),该区域可抗衡半导体晶片边缘区域的过分层生长,就是通常所说的″边缘效应″。
由于该方法相对比较复杂,本发明的目的是给出可以更简单实施的可能方法,用于改善通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积的层的厚度均匀性。
本发明涉及在室中通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法,其包括将沉积气体从室的进气口,经过半导体晶片,输送到室的出气口,其中通过在顶部受窗约束且在底部受平面E约束的通道来输送沉积气体,其中所述窗能透过热辐射,并且要涂敷的半导体晶片的表面位于平面E中,其中输送沉积气体经过半导体晶片的速度是变化的,这是由于在所述窗的中心区域和在所述窗的边缘区域,所述平面与窗之间的距离D在外侧大于内侧,并且在中心区域与边缘区域之间的边界处,所述距离的径向分布的切线与所述平面形成不小于15°且不大于25°的角,其中窗的中心区域是覆盖半导体晶片的窗的内侧区域,而窗的边缘区域是不覆盖半导体晶片的窗的外侧区域。
发明人发现,要涂敷的半导体晶片所在的平面与布置在半导体晶片上面的窗之间的距离的径向分布可以用来在局部影响沉积速度,也就是说影响层在半导体晶片上的沉积速度。窗与平面之间的距离还影响沉积气体流经半导体晶片的速度。距离越小,速度越高。发明人进一步发现,在离平面距离较大的情况下沉积速度较低。相反地,如果离平面距离较小,则沉积速度较高。基于此见解,发明人最后发现了,在采用CVD方法涂敷半导体晶片时,为了使沉积层的厚度变化特别小,离平面距离的径向分布应该怎样配置。在此情况下,他们还考虑到了距离保持稳定时,观察到沉积速度在半导体晶片的中心比在半导体晶片的边缘处更低。
本发明还涉及用于通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的室,其包括引导沉积气体进入室的进气口、引导沉积气体离开室的出气口、用于容纳要涂敷的半导体晶片的感受器(Suszeptor)、和布置在感受器对面的能透过热辐射的窗,其中就要涂敷的半导体晶片所在的平面与窗之间的距离而言,在所述窗的中心区域和在所述窗的边缘区域外侧大于内侧,并且在中心区域与边缘区域之间的边界处,所述距离的径向分布的切线与所述平面形成不小于15°且不大于25°的角,其中窗的中心区域是覆盖半导体晶片的窗的内侧区域,而窗的边缘区域是不覆盖半导体晶片的窗的外侧区域。
以下参考附图更详细地解释本发明。
图1以截面图显示了根据本发明构造的室的特征。
图2显示了窗与平面E之间距离D的径向分布,使用根据本发明的窗实例。
图3~5显示了应用及不应用本发明涂敷的半导体晶片的层厚度的径向分布,考虑了3mm的边缘排除。
根据图1的室包括侧壁,侧壁上有用于输送沉积气体进入室的进气口1和引导沉积气体离开室的出气口2,用于容纳要涂敷的半导体晶片的感受器3,和布置在感受器对面的窗5。窗5连接到基部(basis)6,基部6在室的侧壁之上。其透过热辐射并优选由石英组成。要涂敷的半导体晶片的表面限定了离窗5特定距离D的平面E。距离D优选25~35mm。基部的下部区域与平面E平行。覆盖要涂敷的半导体晶片的窗的部分区域以下称为窗中心区域7。其半径相应于半导体晶片的半径。邻接中心区域的窗外侧区域以下称为窗边缘区域8。窗中心区域的宽度与边缘区域的宽度之比典型地为1.5~2.5。
引导沉积气体经过半导体晶片的速度不是恒定的,因为窗与要涂敷的半导体晶片表面所在的平面之间的距离是变化的。距离的径向分布满足:所述距离从窗的边缘区域朝窗的中心区域减小。速度的大小在图1中用箭头的长度表示。
图2显示了窗与平面E之间的距离D,作为离窗中心的距离L的函数,使用根据本发明的窗实例,显示了距离D的径向分布。该分布的特征在于:在窗中心区域与窗边缘区域相邻接的部位,距离D的径向分布的切线与平面E形成不小于15°且不大于25°的角。
在所述窗特别优选的构造中,从外向内,所述距离如下减小:在窗的中心区域窗离所述平面的最大距离与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin不小于0.5mm且不大于2mm,在窗的边缘区域窗离所述平面的最大距离与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin不小于0.5mm且不大于2mm。
由于窗边缘区域的宽度相对于窗中心区域的宽度更小,距离的变化在窗的边缘区域比窗的中心区域更大。从外向里看距离不必连续减小。它还可以保持不变,尤其是在中心区域的里面部分,如同根据图2的径向分布所示。
实施例/比较例:
由硅组成的外延层在每一情况下都沉积在由硅组成的直径300mm的半导体晶片上。测试所述窗的实施方案影响半导体晶片上沉积的层的厚度的径向分布的方式。只有对应于图2中图示的离平面E的距离D的径向分布是根据本发明实施的。在包括所述窗的室中涂敷的半导体晶片得到其厚度分布如图3所示的层(实施例)。
用于涂敷其层厚度分布如图4中所示的半导体晶片的窗(比较例1)具有以下特性:窗离平面E的距离D的径向分布使得中心区域和边缘区域之间边界处的切线与平面E形成9.2°的角。在中心区域,窗的构造满足窗离平面E的最大距离与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin的值为2.3mm。在边缘区域,窗的构造满足窗离平面E的最大距离与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin的值为2.9mm。
用于涂敷其层厚度分布如图5中所示的半导体晶片的窗(比较例2)具有以下特性:窗离平面E的距离D的径向分布使得中心区域和边缘区域之间边界处的切线与平面E形成32.5°的角。在中心区域,窗的构造应能使窗离平面E的最大距离与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin的值为0.3mm。在边缘区域,窗的构造应能使窗离平面E的最大距离与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin的值为2.2mm。
如比较层厚度分布所显示,在根据本发明涂敷的半导体晶片的情况下和在比较例的情况下,在直径d的分布中沉积层的厚度t波动程度显著较小。此外,关于比较例,特别明显的是层厚度在外侧明显减小(比较例1)和层厚度在外侧明显增加(比较例2)。为了量化沉积层厚度的变化,测定前文中所述的参数R,其中在考虑了3mm的边缘排除的96个分布点测得的层厚度的算术平均值用作平均层厚度tm。结果归纳在下表中:
表:
  实施例   比较例1   比较例2
  R   0.48%   0.82%   0.80%

Claims (9)

1.一种用于在室中通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的方法,其包括将沉积气体从室的进气口,经过半导体晶片,输送到室的出气口,其中沉积气体通过在顶部受窗约束且在底部受平面E约束的通道输送,其中所述窗能透过热辐射,要沉积的半导体晶片的表面位于平面E中,其中输送沉积气体经过半导体晶片的速度是变化的,这是由于在所述窗的中心区域和在所述窗的边缘区域,所述平面与窗之间的距离D在外侧大于内侧,而在中心区域的里面部分保持不变,并且在中心区域与边缘区域之间的边界处,所述距离D的径向分布的切线与反映所述径向分布的D-L曲线的横坐标L相交并形成不小于15°且不大于25°的角W,其中横坐标L表示径向分布离窗中心的距离,并且窗的中心区域是覆盖半导体晶片的窗的内侧区域,而窗的边缘区域是不覆盖半导体晶片的窗的外侧区域。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在所述窗的中心区域中,窗离平面的最大与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin不小于0.5mm且不大于2mm。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的方法,其中在所述窗的边缘区域中,窗离平面的最大与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin不小于0.5mm且不大于2mm。
4.一种用于通过CVD方法在半导体晶片上沉积层的室,其包括引导沉积气体进入室的进气口、引导沉积气体离开室的出气口、用于容纳要沉积的半导体晶片的感受器、和布置在感受器对面的能透过热辐射的窗,其中就要沉积的半导体晶片所在的平面与窗之间的距离D而言,在所述窗的中心区域和在所述窗的边缘区域在外侧的距离大于在内侧的距离,而在中心区域的里面部分保持不变,并且在中心区域与边缘区域之间的边界处,所述距离D的径向分布的切线与反映所述径向分布的D-L曲线的横坐标L相交并形成不小于15°且不大于25°的角W,其中横坐标L表示径向分布离窗中心的距离,并且窗的中心区域是覆盖半导体晶片的窗的内侧区域,而窗的边缘区域是不覆盖半导体晶片的窗的外侧区域。
5.权利要求4的室,其中在所述窗的中心区域中,窗离平面的最大与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin不小于0.5mm且不大于2mm。
6.权利要求4或权利要求5的室,其中在所述窗的边缘区域中,窗离平面的最大与最小距离之差Dmax-Dmin不小于0.5mm且不大于2mm。
7.权利要求4或5的室,其中距离D为25~35mm。
8.权利要求6的室,其中距离D为25~35mm。
9.根据权利要求1的方法制备的包括外延层的半导体晶片,其中层的厚度是不均匀的,其中根据公式R=100%*(tmax-tmin)/2*tm计算得出的描述层厚度变化的参数R小于0.5%,其中在所述公式中,tmax表示层的最大厚度,tmin表示层的最小厚度,tm表示层的平均厚度。
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