CN101632420B - 一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法 - Google Patents

一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法 Download PDF

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CN101632420B
CN101632420B CN2009101621427A CN200910162142A CN101632420B CN 101632420 B CN101632420 B CN 101632420B CN 2009101621427 A CN2009101621427 A CN 2009101621427A CN 200910162142 A CN200910162142 A CN 200910162142A CN 101632420 B CN101632420 B CN 101632420B
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aflatoxin
alcoholic solution
peanut kernel
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杨庆利
禹山林
朱凤
于丽娜
毕洁
张初署
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Qingdao Tianxiang Food Group Co., Ltd.
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法。包括将酒精溶液与花生籽仁充分接触,再将酒精溶液与花生籽仁分离,将分离酒精溶液后的花生籽仁真空干燥。用本发明所述的方法酒精溶液对花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解率可以达到98.5%以上。方法简单易操作,降解效率高、降解成本低,而且不会造成有毒溶剂残留,是一种切实可靠的新方法,便于工业化应用。

Description

一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法,属于花生食品加工领域。
背景技术
黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AFT)是一类具有强致癌性和强免疫抑制性的毒性物质,几乎每一种果实籽粒或果实籽粒制品,在一定得温度和湿度下,都可能生长黄曲霉素。最主要的是黄曲霉毒素的载体是花生及一系列别的坚果子仁以及玉米、大米、大豆、谷物制品。人类接触黄曲霉毒素的主要来源是污染的果实籽粒,有两种通过膳食的摄入途径:由受黄曲霉毒素(主要是B1)  污染的植物性果实籽粒中摄入;经饲料而进入奶或乳制品(包括乳酪、奶粉等)的黄曲霉毒素(主要是M1)。黄曲霉毒素是一类有黄曲霉、寄生曲霉等产生的次生代谢产物,对人、家畜、家禽及动物有强烈的毒性,其毒性是氰化钾的10倍,慢性毒性可诱发肝癌,致癌能力为二甲基亚硝胺的75倍。这类曲霉广泛存在于热带和亚热带,它们代谢的黄曲霉毒素污染全球大部分食物,其中花生中黄曲霉毒素检出率最高。
花生是我国重要的油料作物和经济作物。“十五期间”我国花生平均种植面积约500万公顷,产量1300万吨左右,居世界第一,占世界总产量的40%以上。但我国花生在出口中被检出黄曲霉毒素超标的现象时有发生,使得我国花生在国际市场上的竞争优势下降,严重威胁着花生的食品安全。
黄曲霉毒素的毒性比较稳定,加热到268℃以上才能被破环。60年代以来,对黄曲霉毒素的脱毒方法进行了大量研究。以往报道多是采用化学试剂解毒,如使用次氯酸钠、臭氧、过氧化氢、氨气以及氯气等。然而进过调查发现,大部分化学处理存在不切实际的(须在极端的温度和压力条件下进行),不安全(有毒残留物的形成)和破坏产品的营养、感官和功能特性等缺陷。因此,必须通过有效措施,降解花生籽仁中的黄曲霉毒素。
发明内容
本发明针对花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素降解的缺陷,提供一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法,实验表明,该方法简单易行,且不带来新的有毒残存,黄曲霉毒素B1的残余远远低于GB 2761-2005限量,是一种安全有效的方法,便于工业化应用。
本发明技术方案为:
将酒精溶液与花生籽仁充分接触,再将酒精溶液与花生籽仁分离,将分离酒精溶液后的花生籽仁真空干燥。
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为75%-98%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液重量比为1/1-1/4。混匀浸泡时间为20-35分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用3-7毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度45℃-60℃,真空度在0.005-0.02Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。结果表明酒精溶液对花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解率可以达到98.5%以上。利用酒精溶液降解花生籽仁中的黄曲霉毒素,方法简单易操作,降解效率高、降解成本低,而且不会造成有毒溶剂残留,是一种切实可靠的新方法,便于工业化应用。
具体实施方式:
本实施例是为了便于理解本发明,而不以任何方式限制本发明的权利要求和核心内容。
实施例1
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为75%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液重量比为1/1。混匀浸泡时间为20分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用5毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度45℃,真空度在0.01Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。
黄曲霉毒素检测
蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。检测结果表明黄曲霉毒素含量降至1.8μg/kg。
实施例2
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为80%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液比为1/4。混匀浸泡时间为35分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用7毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度60℃,真空度在0.015Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。
黄曲霉毒素检测
蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。检测结果表明黄曲霉毒素含量降至1.5μg/kg。
实施例3
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为85%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液重量比为1/2。混匀浸泡时间为30分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用5毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度50℃,真空度在0.005Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。
黄曲霉毒素检测
蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。检测结果表明黄生黄曲霉毒素含量降至1.2μg/kg。
实施例4
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为90%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液重量比为1/3。混匀浸泡时间为25分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用3毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度55℃,真空度在0.02Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。
黄曲霉毒素检测
蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。检测结果表明黄生黄曲霉毒素含量降至1.0μg/kg。
实施例5
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为98%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液比为1/4。混匀浸泡时间为35分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用5毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度60℃,真空度在0.02Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。
黄曲霉毒素检测
蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。检测结果表明黄生黄曲霉毒素含量降至0.8μg/kg。
实施例6
将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的(黄曲霉毒素含量175μg/kg)花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为78%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液比为1/3.5,混匀浸泡时间为32分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌。浸泡结束后,用6毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度48℃,真空度在0.008Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出。
黄曲霉毒素检测
蒸干后的花生籽仁利用国家发明专利ZL200510018555.X公开的方法进行黄曲霉毒素含量检测。检测结果表明黄生黄曲霉毒素含量降至0.7μg/kg。

Claims (1)

1.一种花生籽仁中黄曲霉毒素的降解方法,其特征在于,将受到黄曲霉毒素污染的、黄曲霉毒素含量达175μg/kg的花生籽仁浸泡在食用酒精溶液中,食用酒精溶液的浓度为78%,花生籽仁和酒精溶液的料液重量比为1/3.5,混匀浸泡时间为32分钟,浸泡期间不断搅拌;浸泡结束后,用6毫米直径的筛子将花生籽仁沥干酒精溶液,沥干酒精溶液后的花生籽仁放到旋转蒸发仪中,在蒸发温度48℃,真空度在0.008Mpa的条件下将花生籽仁蒸干,直到没有酒精溶液蒸出;检测结果表明花生黄曲霉毒素含量降至0.7μg/kg。
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CN102972634B (zh) * 2012-12-25 2013-09-25 江南大学 一种降解花生粕中黄曲霉毒素的装置及其方法
CN103300262A (zh) * 2013-05-06 2013-09-18 中国海洋大学 利用虾青素降解、转化黄曲霉毒素的方法
CN103750084B (zh) * 2013-12-30 2015-12-02 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 一种花生中降解黄曲霉毒素b1的方法
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CN108251458B (zh) * 2018-01-25 2019-02-26 青岛农业大学 一种黄曲霉毒素的降解剂、其制备方法和应用
CN113016984B (zh) * 2018-01-26 2022-08-26 山东省花生研究所 蒙氏假单胞菌的应用
CN110604175B (zh) * 2019-10-28 2022-04-12 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 抑制粮食中黄曲霉生长及毒素产生的方法

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