CN101627724B - Cultivation and acclimatization technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species - Google Patents
Cultivation and acclimatization technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species Download PDFInfo
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- CN101627724B CN101627724B CN 200910041682 CN200910041682A CN101627724B CN 101627724 B CN101627724 B CN 101627724B CN 200910041682 CN200910041682 CN 200910041682 CN 200910041682 A CN200910041682 A CN 200910041682A CN 101627724 B CN101627724 B CN 101627724B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation and acclimatization technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species, mainly comprising the following steps: common jacaranda, indigo jacaranda and Charoen jacaranda are hybridized among types, the hybridized hybridization tree species is in backcross with the Charoen jacaranda, and a male parent jacaranda tree seedling is obtained after F1 generation; South Africa wurmbaeoideae and South Africa specialty gillyflower tree perform with distant hybridization, and the hybridized hybridization tree species is in backcross with the gillyflower tree; after F1 generation, the growing blade tip meristematic tissue, with favourable growth traits, of the gillyflower tree plant which does not restore sexual variation to form layers in the genetic gene vibration; tissue culture vitro is carried out to form whole favourable tree seedling, and then field cultivation is carried out to obtain female parent gillyflower tree species; the female parent gillyflower tree species is hybridized with the male parent jacaranda tree species, the pigment characteristic substance in a bud is controlled to be 0.0001 mu p-1 mu p to obtain the gillyflower tree. The gillyflower tree is as high as jacaranda and blooms and as gorgeously as cherry blossom trees, the amount of flowers is more than that of a cherry blossom tree, and flower has good quality and has thecolor of violet.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gardens Woody flower breeding culture technique, relate to a kind of cultivation acclimatization technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species specifically.
Technical background
Crossbreeding refers to get the hybrid generation by sexual hybridization between the different individuality of two inheritance, then in the hybrid generation by selecting, cultivate the breeding method of new varieties.Crossbreeding is a kind of important means of creating Flower New Variety kind or newtype, it can not only combine two or more kinds, good characteristic and the feature of kind, can also produce huge hybrid vigour, the growth vigor of raising flowers, resistance etc., sometimes can also transfer to cultivar to certain merit of agriotype, for example by hybridization, it is assorted blue that wild blue hybridization is constantly produced new evil again, and the artificial hybridization kind more than 37000 is arranged again so far in the world approximately.
The process of crossbreeding roughly is made up of several like this parts: the target of determining crossbreeding; Apolegamy parent and affirmation hybridization mode; Carry out artificial hybridization, obtain the hybrid generation; Hybrid generation's cultivation and selection etc.
In the crossbreeding, admissible hybridization mode has following several:
1 single crosses is two parent's hybridization, generally is that two parent's pluses and minuses complementarity are good, when proterties totally meets breeding objective basically, adopts this single crosses mode.
2 multiple crosss are namely hybridized between two above parents, wherein have following several because the number that adopts the parent and mode are different: 1. triple-crossing, be that single cross hybrid is hybridized with another parent again, receive general China pink hybridization as the African wild species of carnation and Balkan kind of opening chrysanthemum and produce the hybrid that opens chrysanthemum, this hybrid again with Chinese China pink hybridization bring out can the anniversary for the carnation of flower.2. four hybridization, namely the hybrid that obtains of triple-crossing again with another parent's hybridization, by that analogy, can carry out five hybridization, six hybridization etc.3. double cross, namely two single cross hybrid are hybridized again.The purpose of multiple cross is the merit for comprehensive a plurality of parents, need consider each parent's ordering during multiple cross, generally comprehensive proterties parent good or that have the main target proterties is placed on for the last time, like this offspring possibility of main target proterties individuality to occur having just big.
3. the what is called of backcrossing is backcrossed and is referred to that two parents hybridize the hybrid of generation and hybridize with one of parent.Generally the kind that choosing has a good characteristic when hybridizing is for the first time done maternally, and makes male parent when each time backcrossed afterwards, and this parent is recurrent parent when backcrossing.The purpose of backcrossing is that parent's good characteristic is slowly strengthened in the hybrid generation, and a certain advantage of non-recurrent parent is transferred to hybrid.For example in order to improve the adaptability of cultivar, then can hybridize with agriotype, but the gained offspring often good characteristic of viewing and admiring is lower than former cultivar, in order to address this problem, repeatedly backcross with regard to available hybrid and cultivar, the number of times of backcrossing is decided on actual needs, and general annual flowers can be backcrossed 3～4 times, and make the back selfing of backcrossing, therefrom select.
Hybridization between the plant that distant hybridization refers to is not of the same race, do not belong to together.Distant hybridization can be created more rich variations, is hopeful to obtain than more peculiar, the more novel filial generation of (between kind) hybridization in planting, but because affiliation is far away, is difficult to successfully under a lot of situations.Reason is many-sided, from the gynoecium aspect, the inhibiting factor that has is on column cap, what have has in style, also have plenty of in ovule or blastular, eliminate these obstacles exactly so overcome infertile measure, yet, the most critical part of breeding success is found out reason exactly, finds inhibiting factor and where is.Usually, main method has the pollen mentor method; Asexual approach method; The stigmatic fluid method; Remove column cap, style method; The column cap grafting; The high temperature treatment gynoecium; Hybrid embryo cultured in vitro etc.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide a kind of cultivation and acclimatization technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species, this technology can be cultivated the gillyflower tree that makes new advances, this gillyflower tree quantity of blooming can reach 30,000 at most, its quality of blooming is good, color grey violet pale blue, very beautiful, magnificence has ornamental value.
The technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:
A kind of cultivation technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species mainly may further comprise the steps:
First, after selecting the blue flower of Argentine tall and big deciduous tree principal columns of a hall Jacaranda mimosifolia (the normal blue flower principal columns of a hall) and Jacaranda cuspidifolia (the beautiful blue flower principal columns of a hall) and Jacaranda chelonia (looking into the grand blue flower principal columns of a hall) progressive type intermolecular hybrid for use, to hybridize back gained hybridization seeds backcrosses with Jacaranda chelonia again, F1 gets male parent Jacaranda seeds after generation;
Second, be that content by the pigment characteristic material in petal of its gene control determines according to the pattern of Woody flower and quality, the violet stock violet tree (Securidala hongepedunculata) of South Africa Dan Biya wood Dombeya Rotundifolia and South Africa special product is carried out distant hybridization, adjust the genetic background of its stock tree, and the quantity of the interior pigment characteristic material of its petal of control, to hybridize back gained hybridization seeds and violet stock violet tree (Securidala longepedunculata) backcrosses, F1 is after generation, in hybrid generation's gene variation, the plant that will not have the violet stock violet tree of recovery variation, select its good blade tip meristematic tissue of back growth traits of growing up to form layer, carrying out in vitro tissue cultivates, after forming the whole good sapling of strain, carry out the field and cultivate preferred; Get maternal violet stock violet seeds;
The 3rd, good maternal violet stock violet seeds and the male parent Jacaranda seeds that select are hybridized, and pigment characteristic material content is 0.0001 μ p-1 μ p in the control petal, gets gillyflower tree.
Few for overcoming the blue flower principal columns of a hall quantity of blooming, shortcomings such as violet stock violet tree bad adaptability, test in above steps, cultivate, in the seed selection, the proterties of blooming, resistance qualification result at this tree of field planting separate with orientation preferred synchronously, both well stable to obtain color and luster, the flower of high yield and high quality is set novel kind again.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of acclimatization technology of above-mentioned new gillyflower tree hybridization species, mainly may further comprise the steps:
The 4th, the gillyflower tree that will obtain according to above-mentioned cultivation technology is through being transplanted to latitude in the country of any suitable its growth in 25 ° ± 5 ° subtropical zone the time after the transhipment, must place a weather similar greenhouse acclimatization culture in South Africa about 60 days when transplanting earlier, then, transplant on natural field and tame, adapt to domestication fully up to it and survive.This key wherein condition such as humidity and sunlight, wind direction in the temperature of weather, air should keep the same with the place of production, South Africa situation in domestication.The characteristic of blooming that could keep gillyflower tree like this, minimizing is morphed because of inadaptability.Acclimatization technology can allow plant produce with the same sensation of South Africa growth and reduce genetic variation.
Inventive point of the present invention is: the inventor according to forefathers' result of study and the inventor for many years when hybridizing back violet stock violet tree and bloom the microscopy of shape and anthocyanidin thereof observe, confirm the flower color and luster of violet stock violet, the quantity of blooming, quality all is to be determined by pigment characteristic material in the petal of gene control, these anthocyanidin characteristic material content how much, determined that its pattern is pansy, and the quantity of blooming is many, the measured stabilising system of matter.
The present invention is by cultivation and the acclimatization technology of new gillyflower tree hybridization species; successfully hybridizing into the African violet tree is parent parent (Latin formal name used at school: Securidaca longepedunculata polygalace); (the Latin formal name used at school: (the Latin formal name used at school: hybridization tree Dombeya Rotundifolia) is male parent Jacaranda mimosifolia) to produce Dan Biya wood with South Africa to produce blue flower principal columns of a hall tree with Argentina; use distant crossing method; successfully cultivate the tall and big as blue flower principal columns of a hall of trunk; it is magnificent as flowering cherry to bloom; and the many flowering cherries excessively of the quantity of blooming; quality is good, and the color of flower is violaceous gillyflower tree.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the breeding method of new gillyflower tree hybridization species of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram in kind of new gillyflower tree hybridization species among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram in kind of new gillyflower tree hybridization species among the embodiment 2.
Embodiment
The color and luster of gillyflower tree and bloom quantity and shape are to be determined by pigment characteristic material content in the petal of gene control.When the content of these materials controlled to certain appropriate amount, color and the shapes such as quantity, quality of blooming that the flower tree blooms all were optimums.Otherwise then the color and luster when it is bloomed is not good, negligible amounts.It directly influences its quality of yielding positive results and quantity.Simultaneously, as long as these materials exist, influenced by revert, this also is many Woody flower flowering of plant poor qualities, the main cause that quantity is few.Past for decades, international, numerous domestic flowers hybridization, the breeding scholar is through research, unresolved this problem for many years.
When South Africa, in order to drive a large amount of mosquitoes of the residential block of going out, having found that violet stock violet tree can drive goes out, and when especially blooming, effect is good especially.Quantity is few but it is bloomed; both many in order to solve the quantity of blooming; the quality of blooming is good problem again; through years of researches and test; finally found the way of head it off; and successfully to hybridize into the African violet tree be parent parent (Latin formal name used at school: Securidaca longepedunculata polygalace); (the Latin formal name used at school: (the Latin formal name used at school: hybridization tree Dombeya Rotundifolia) is male parent Jacarandamimiforlia) to produce Dan Biya wood with South Africa to produce blue flower principal columns of a hall tree with Argentina; use distant crossing method; successfully cultivate the tall and big as blue flower principal columns of a hall of trunk; it is magnificent as flowering cherry to bloom; and the many flowering cherries excessively of the quantity of blooming; quality is good, and the color of flower is violaceous South Africa endemic tree---gillyflower tree.
The bearing tree of gillyflower tree, the quantity of blooming can reach 30,000 (and the someiyoshine tree mostly is 10,000 most) at most, and its quality of blooming is good, and color grey violet pale blue is very beautiful, magnificence.It is the colour that has an ornamental value flower tree.
For this reason, the inventor is according to following genetic behavior and technical method is hybridized and seed selection.The first, select Argentine tall and big deciduous tree blue flower principal columns of a hall Jacaranda mimosifolia and Jacaranda cuspidifolia and Jacaranda chelonia progressive type intermolecular hybrid for use after, stablize the gene of its male parent tree.Second, be that content by the pigment characteristic material in petal of its gene control determines according to the pattern of Woody flower and quality, so the violet stock violet tree (Securidala longepedunculata) of South Africa Dan Biya wood Dombeya Rotundlifoia and South Africa special product is carried out distant hybridization, adjust the genetic background of its stock tree, and the quantity of the interior pigment characteristic material of its petal of control.And then and paternal hybrid.The 3rd, in hybrid generation's gene variation, will there be the plant of the violet stock violet tree of recovery variation, select its good blade tip meristematic tissue of back growth traits of growing up to form layer, carry out in vitro tissue and cultivate, behind the whole good sapling of strain of formation, carry out the field and cultivate preferred.The 4th, the good hybrid violet stock violet tree that selects is hybridized with the hybrid Jacaranda, and the pigment characteristic material to be an amount of in the control petal, the existing violet stock violet tree shape of output has blue flower principal columns of a hall height of tree megaphanerophyte characteristic again; The color of both having bloomed beauty, and the various gillyflower tree of quantity of blooming again, the quantity of blooming that has reached seldom seen elsewhere is maximum, top-quality purple flower tree.
Embodiment 1
The cultivation of the described new gillyflower tree hybridization species of present embodiment and acclimatization technology mainly may further comprise the steps:
First, select for use the blue flower of Argentine tall and big deciduous tree principal columns of a hall Jacaranda mimosifolia (the normal blue flower principal columns of a hall) and Jacaranda cuspidifolia (the beautiful blue flower principal columns of a hall) to carry out the type intermolecular hybrid first time, win behind time type intermolecular hybrid seeds, after these hybridization seeds and Jacaranda chelonia (looking into the grand blue flower principal columns of a hall) carry out the type intermolecular hybrid second time, hybridization seeds that must be stable, should stablize hybridization seeds and Jacaranda chelonia again and backcross, F1 gets male parent Jacaranda seeds after generation;
Second, be that content by the pigment characteristic material in petal of its gene control determines according to the pattern of Woody flower and quality, the violet stock violet tree (Securidala longepedunculata) of South Africa Dan Biya wood Dombeya Rotundifolia and South Africa special product is carried out distant hybridization, adjust the genetic background of its stock tree, and the quantity of the interior pigment characteristic material of its petal of control, to hybridize back gained hybridization seeds and violet stock violet tree (Securidala hongepedunculata) backcrosses, F1 is after generation, in hybrid generation's gene variation, the plant that will not have the violet stock violet tree of recovery variation, select its good blade tip meristematic tissue of back growth traits of growing up to form layer, carrying out in vitro tissue cultivates, after forming the whole good sapling of strain, carry out the field and cultivate preferred; Get maternal violet stock violet seeds;
The 3rd, good maternal violet stock violet seeds and the male parent Jacaranda seeds that select are hybridized, and pigment characteristic material content is 0.0005 μ p in the control petal, gets gillyflower tree;
The 4th, the domestication gillyflower tree: gillyflower tree is through being transplanted to latitude in the country of any suitable its growth in 30 ± 5 ℃ subtropical zone the time after the transhipment, place a similar greenhouse acclimatization culture of South Africa weather 60 days when transplanting earlier, then, transplant on natural field and tame, adapt to domestication fully up to it and survive.This key wherein condition such as humidity and sunlight, wind direction in the temperature of weather, air should keep the same with the place of production, South Africa situation in domestication.The characteristic of blooming that could keep gillyflower tree like this, minimizing is morphed because of inadaptability.Acclimatization technology can allow plant produce with the same sensation of South Africa growth and reduce genetic variation.
For example, the new gillyflower tree hybridization species that will obtain with described cultural method, by South Africa winter, the 7-8 month was transplanted to Guangdong the time (Guangdong this moment just for summer), sapling should be placed the warm canopy that to regulate temperature, humidity automatically, the environmental classes that keeps this temperature canopy like with the South Africa climatic environment of the 7-8 month, be that temperature is 4-12 ℃, day illumination is about 75%, and humidity is about 30%-40%.
As shown in Figure 1, the new gillyflower tree hybridization species of cultivating and taming, the proterties of blooming is good, and the quantity of blooming is many, and quality is good, and color is beautiful.
Embodiment 2
The cultivation of the described new gillyflower tree hybridization species of present embodiment and acclimatization technology, mainly substantially the same manner as Example 1, different is, and pigment characteristic material content is 0.9265 μ p in the control petal, and the new gillyflower tree hybridization species of gained as shown in Figure 3, the new gillyflower tree hybridization species of cultivating and taming, the proterties of blooming is good, and the quantity of blooming is many, and quality is good, color grey violet pale blue, very beautiful, grand.
Claims (3)
1. the breeding method of a new gillyflower tree hybridization species is characterized in that, mainly may further comprise the steps:
First, the normal blue flower principal columns of a hall and beautiful blue flower principal columns of a hall progressive type intermolecular hybrid are obtained type intermolecular hybrid seeds for the first time, these hybridization seeds with look into the grand blue flower principal columns of a hall and carry out type intermolecular hybrid second time, the seeds of hybridization back gained hybridization are for the second time swelled indigo plant and spend the principal columns of a hall to backcross with looking into again, F1 gets male parent Jacaranda seeds after generation;
Second, the violet stock violet tree of South Africa Dan Biya wood and South Africa special product is carried out distant hybridization, to hybridize back gained hybridization seeds and violet stock violet tree and backcross, F1 is after generation, in hybrid generation's gene variation, the plant that will not have the violet stock violet tree of recovery variation, select its adult back good blade tip meristematic tissue of growth traits to form layer, carry out in vitro tissue and cultivate, behind the whole good sapling of strain of formation, carry out the field and cultivate preferably, get maternal violet stock violet seeds;
The 3rd, good maternal violet stock violet seeds and the male parent Jacaranda seeds that select are hybridized, and pigment characteristic material content is 0.0001 μ p-1 μ p in the control petal, gets gillyflower tree.
2. the breeding method of new gillyflower tree hybridization species according to claim 1 is characterized in that, pigment characteristic material content is 0.001 μ p-0.8 μ p in the control petal.
3. the domesticating method of the described new gillyflower tree hybridization species of claim 1, it is characterized in that, mainly may further comprise the steps: the gillyflower tree that the described breeding method of claim 1 is obtained is through being transplanted to latitude in the country of any suitable its growth in 25 ° ± 5 ° subtropical zone the time after the transhipment, earlier described gillyflower tree placed the similar greenhouse acclimatization culture of weather of South Africa during with transplanting 50-70 days; Then, transplant on natural field and tame, adapt to domestication fully up to it and survive.
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| CN101416607A (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2009-04-29 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Claret Chinese cabbage breeding method |
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| CN101416607A (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2009-04-29 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Claret Chinese cabbage breeding method |
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| 张志毅等.中国杨树资源与杂交育种研究现状及发展对策.《河北林业科技》.2006, * |
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