CN101627229B - 自动的组合式变速器 - Google Patents
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- F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
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- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/70—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements
- F16H61/702—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements using electric or electrohydraulic control means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自动的组合式变速器,该组合式变速器具有多级的主变速器(HG)、串接在主变速器(HG)之前的第一副变速器(VG)以及串接在主变速器(HG)之后的两级的第二副变速器(BG),其中,第一副变速器(VG)通过可控的分离离合器与被构成为内燃机的驱动马达相连,主变速器(HG)和第二副变速器(BG)中的换挡离合器是同步的离合器或不同步的离合器,并且在分变速器(VG、HG、BG)中的至少一个当中,每两个挡位的换挡离合器分别被整合在一个共同的具有两个换挡位置和一个中间位置的换挡同步器中。为了加速大多数的分动切换操作,在主变速器(HG)中,配属于最低挡(G1)和最高挡(G4或G3)的换挡离合器被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器(S1/4或S1/3)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自动的组合式变速器。
背景技术
长久以来公知了组合式变速器,该组合式变速器具有多挡的主变速器、在传动技术上串接在主变速器之前的前置组以及在传动技术上串接在所述主变速器之后的第二副变速器,并且该组合式变速器优选用于载货车辆。通过至多实施为两级的具有较小传动比级差的前置组(该前置组也被称为第一副变速器),主变速器的挡位之间的传动比级差大约被二等分,并由此使得总体可使用的挡位数目加倍。通过通常为两级的第二副变速器,整个变速器的速比范围得到明显扩大,并由此使得总体可使用的挡位数目再次加倍。由此,所述第一副变速器和第二副变速器与一个三级主变速器(具有三个前进挡和一个倒挡)连接形成一个十二挡组合式变速器(具有总共十二个前进挡和最多四个倒挡),以及与一个四级主变速器(具有四个前进挡和一个倒挡)连接形成一个十六挡的组合式变速器(具有总共十六个前进挡和最多四个倒挡)。
与挡位数相同且挡位分级和速比范围相似的单变速器相比,所述组合式变速器具有明显更小的尺寸和更轻的重量。但由于组合式变速器中的许多切换都需要多个分变速器中挡位的变换并由此比较复杂地进行,所以大多数公知的组合式变速器被构成为可半自动切换或可全自动切换。
申请人的自动的组合式变速器的概况公布在ATZ 9/2004的第772至783页上。在自动的换挡变速器的被称为AS-Tronic系列的产品系列中,AS-Tronic-mid产品系列的为中型载货车辆设计的变速器以及AS-Tronic产品系列的为重型载货车辆设置的变速器分别被构成为组合式变速器,该组合式变速器具有多级的,也就是设有三个或四个前进挡的主变速器、串接在所述主变速器之前的两级的第一副变速器以及串接在所述主变速器之后的两级的第二副变速器。
所述主变速器分别以中间轴方式实施,并设有未被同步的牙嵌离合器,并且在AS-Tronic-mid产品系列中所述主变速器具有单独的中间轴。对于AS-Tronic产品系列的变速器,为了实现重量优化和结构空间优化,设有两根中间轴。在两个产品系列中,所述主变速器有选择地在直接挡实施方式(iHG_min=1)或快速挡实施方式(iHG_min<1)中都是可用的。
所述第一副变速器分别被构成为中间轴式变速器,该中间轴式变速器具有两个可切换的对所述主变速器的输入常量。所述第二副变速器分别被实施为两级的行星齿轮变速器,该行星齿轮变速器具有可切换的直接连接(iBG=1)和作为替代的可切换的高传动比(iBG>>1)。
例如从DE 10143994A1公知了具有主变速器、前置组和串接在后方的第二副变速器的组合式变速器的其他实施方式。
对于AS-Tronic和AS-Tronic-mid产品系列的组合式变速器,所述第一副变速器和所述第二副变速器的分别被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器中的所述换挡离合器迄今都分别被同步地构成,相反,所述主变速器被实施为嵌牙接合换挡,也就是能够以不被同步地换挡的方式实施。由于相关的被同步的换挡离合器因其结构复杂而较昂贵且需要比较大的结构空间,并且由于磨损而限制了整个组合式变速器的使用寿命,所以对于这种组合式变速器的将来的实施方式设置为,除主变速器外,第二副变速器也被实施为嵌牙接合换挡。
在图3a和图3b中举例示出AS-Tronic产品系列的两种公知的组合式变速器的结构示意图。所述主变速器HG被实施为中间轴式的直接换挡变速器并具有一根主轴W2和两根中间轴W3a、W3b。在依据图3a的实施方式中,具有四个用于向前行驶的挡位G1至G4以及一个用于倒车的挡位R的所述主变速器HG被四级式构成。在依据图3b的实施方式中,具有三个用于向前行驶的挡位G1至G3以及一个用于倒车的挡位R的所述主变速器HG被三级式构成。
挡位G1、G2、G3、R或G1、G2、R的空套齿轮分别可旋转地支承在主轴W2上,并可通过所配属的牙嵌离合器接通。所配属的固定齿轮不可旋转地布置在中间轴W3a和W3b上。构成为直接挡的最高挡G4或G3可通过直接换挡离合器切换。如果可能,每两个换挡离合器被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器S1/2、S3/4或S1/R、S2/3中。在依据图3a的实施方式中,换挡同步器SR只具有用于倒车的挡位R的换挡离合器。
所述前置组VG被两级式构成,并且同样以中间轴方式实施,其中,两个挡位K1、K2构成了所述主变速器HG的两个可切换的输入常量。通过两挡位K1、K2较小的传动比差值,所述前置组VG被设计为第一副变速器。第一挡K1的空套齿轮可旋转地支承在输入轴W1上,所述输入轴W1在图3a和图3b的图示之外通过可控制的分离离合器与被构成为内燃机的驱动马达相连。第二挡K2的空套齿轮可旋转地支承在主轴W2上。两挡位K1、K2的固定齿轮分别不可旋转地布置在向输入侧延长的中间轴W3a和W3b上。所述前置组VG的被同步地构成的换挡离合器被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器SV中。
在传动技术上串接在后方的所述第二副变速器BG同样被两级式构成,但被实施为具有简单的行星齿轮组的行星结构。在此,太阳轮PS不可旋转地与向输出侧延长的主轴W2连接。行星架PT不可旋转地与所述组合式变速器的输出轴W4连接。齿圈PH与一个具有两个换挡离合器的换挡同步器SB连接,借助于换挡离合器,第二副变速器BG可以交替地通过所述齿圈PH与固定的壳体件的连接切换到低速级L以及通过所述齿圈PH与所述行星架PT的连接切换到高速挡S。与AS-Tronic变速器迄今为止的实施方式相反,所述换挡同步器SB的换挡离合器现在不被同步地构成。
由于所述第二副变速器BG的不被同步的实施方式,在这种组合式变速器中需要一种特殊的换挡过程,所述换挡过程与一个在很大程度上相同但设有被同步的第二副变速器BG的组合式变速器的换挡过程相比明显不同。例如从DE 10152857A1公知了对具有不被同步的第二副变速器BG的组合式变速器进行换挡控制的合适的方法。在该方法中主要设置为,分动切换时,首先所述前置组VG和所述第二副变速器BG分别被切换到中间位置,以便切断动力流,随后所述主变速器HG被变速器制动器制动,并且驱动马达的转速开始向目标挡位的同步转速转变。在所述主变速器HG换挡后,所述前置组VG被同步地切换到其目标传动比。于是,当通过驱动马达达到同步转速后,第二副变速器BG的目标传动比被接入。
由于分动切换时主变速器HG被与第二副变速器BG相反地换挡,即当第二副变速器BG被从低速级L向上加挡到高速级S时,主变速器HG被从高挡位,例如G4或G3换挡到低挡位,例如G1或G2,因此在具有迄今为止很普遍的按照上升顺序或下降顺序的挡位布置的主变速器HG内分别需要两个换挡叉轴滑槽以及配属于该换挡叉轴滑槽的换挡同步器之间的变换。对于依据图3a和图3b的组合式变速器,这种关系对于不同的换挡数总结在图4a和图4b的表中。由于自动的滑槽变换分别包括所配属的伺服驱动装置的驱动和停止、第一换挡同步器在中间位置的感测、两个换挡叉轴滑槽或换挡同步器之间的转换以及伺服驱动装置对第二换挡同步器进入目标换挡位置或者在目标换挡位置的控制和感测,因此滑槽变换滞后地对于整个换挡过程有不利影响。
发明内容
在这样的背景下,本发明的任务在于,提供一种开头所述类型的自动的组合式变速器,利用该组合式变速器分动切换可以比现在更快地进行。
这一关于组合式变速器的任务相应地通过一种自动的组合式变速器得以实现,该组合式变速器具有多级的主变速器、串接在所述主变速器之前的第一副变速器以及串接在所述主变速器之后的两级的第二副变速器,其中,所述第一副变速器通过可控制的分离离合器与被构成为内燃机的驱动马达相连,所述主变速器和所述第二副变速器被同步地或者不被同步地构成,并且在分变速器的至少一个当中,每两个挡位的换挡离合器分别被整合在一个具有两个换挡位置和一个中间位置的共同的换挡同步器中。此外对于所述变速器还设置为,在所述主变速器中,配属于最低挡和最高挡的所述换挡离合器被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器中。
因此,所述最低挡和所述最高挡在换挡技术上分别配属于同一个换挡叉轴滑槽。这样具有有利的结果,即主变速器内所有在最低挡和最高挡之间变换的分动切换,在同一个换挡叉轴滑槽内通过相应的换挡同步器从一个换挡位置到另一个换挡位置的简单的转换来实现。因此避免了对于迄今的齿轮组的布置以及换挡同步器的分配来说比较普遍的两个换挡叉轴滑槽或两个换挡同步器之间的变换,由此缩短了分动切换的总体上的换挡时间以及因此缩短在分动切换期间无牵引力的阶段。在第二副变速器BG不参与换挡的组合式变速器换挡时不出现时间延迟,因为滑槽变换在主变速器进行同步时发生。
依据所述组合式变速器的一种构造方案设置为,为了将第一副变速器的输入轴与主轴连接,设置有轴向地布置在输入侧的直接换挡离合器。依据本发明的另一个特征,所述组合式变速器具有两根相互平行布置的中间轴。
附图说明
为了说明本发明,在说明书中附上具有实施例的附图。其中:
图1a示出具有四级主变速器的依据本发明的组合式变速器的结构示意图;
图1b示出具有三级主变速器的依据本发明的组合式变速器的结构示意图;
图2a示出依据图1a的组合式变速器的分动切换一览表;
图2b示出依据图1b的组合式变速器的分动切换一览表;
图3a示出具有四级主变速器的公知的组合式变速器的结构示意图;
图3b示出具有三级主变速器的公知的组合式变速器的结构示意图;
图4a示出依据图3a的组合式变速器的分动切换一览表;以及
图4b示出依据图3b的组合式变速器的分动切换一览表。
具体实施方式
在图1a和图1b中举例示出两种依据本发明的组合式变速器的结构示意图。主变速器HG被以中间轴方式实施并具有主轴W2和两根中间轴W3a、W3b。在依据图1a的实施方式中,具有四个用于向前行驶的挡位G1至G4以及一个用于倒车的挡位R的所述主变速器HG四级式构成。在依据图1b的实施方式中,具有三个用于向前行驶的挡位G1至G3以及一个用于倒车的挡位R的所述主变速器HG三级式构成。
挡位G1、G2、G3、R或G1、G2、R的空套齿轮分别可旋转地支承在主轴W2上并可通过所配属的牙嵌离合器切换。所配属的固定齿轮不可旋转地设置在两个中间轴W3a和W3b上。分别构成为直接挡的最高挡G4或G3可通过直接换挡离合器切换。
与依据图3a和图3b的组合式变速器的开头所述的公知的实施方式不同,在依据本发明的主变速器HG中,最低挡G1的齿轮组在输入侧靠近最高挡G4或G3挡位齿轮,并且第一挡G1和最高挡G4或G3的换挡离合器分别被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器S1/4或S1/3中。其余挡位的换挡离合器被相应地整合在换挡同步器S2/3、SR或S2/R中。
前置组VG两级式构成并同样以中间轴方式构成,其中,两个挡位K1、K2构成了主变速器HG的两个可切换的输入常量。通过两挡位K1、K2较小的传动比差值,前置组VG被设计为第一副变速器。第一挡K1的空套齿轮可旋转地支承在输入轴W1上,输入轴W1在图1a和图1b的图示之外通过可控制的分离离合器与被构成为内燃机的驱动马达相连。第二挡K2的空套齿轮可旋转地支承在主轴W2上。两挡位K1、K2的固定齿轮分别不可旋转地布置在向输入侧地延长的中间轴W3a和W3b上。前置组VG的同步构成的换挡离合器被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器SV中。
在传动技术上布置在主变速器HG后方的第二副变速器BG同样两级式构成,但被实施为具有简单的行星齿轮组的行星结构。然而第二副变速器BG也可以以中间轴方式设计。在此,太阳轮PS不可旋转地与向输出侧延长的主轴W2连接。行星架PT不可旋转地与组合式变速器的输出轴W4联接。齿圈PH与具有两个换挡离合器的换挡同步器SB连接,借助于这些换挡离合器,第二副变速器BG可以交替地通过齿圈PH与固定的壳体件的连接切换到低速级L或通过齿圈PH与主轴W2或太阳轮PS的连接切换到高速级S。一种替代形式是,在一个没有示出的高速挡S内,齿圈PH与所述行星架PT的切换连接是可行的。换挡同步器SB的换挡离合器被节约成本地未被同步地构成。
由于依据图1a和图1b的所述组合式变速器的依据本发明的构成方式,特别是在主变速器HG中挡位G1、G2、G3、R或G1、G2、R的齿轮组的布置以及换挡同步器S1/4或S1/3的分配,大多数的分动切换可以在换挡叉轴滑槽或换挡同步器不发生变换的情况下进行,并因此与具有按照上升顺序或下降顺序的挡位标准布置的公知的组合式变速器相比可以明显更快地进行。对于依据图1a和图1b的组合式变速器,这种关系对于不同的换挡数总结在图2a和图2b的表中。
附图标记列表
BG 第二副变速器
G1 (主变速器的)(第一)挡
G2 (主变速器的)(第二)挡
G3 (主变速器的)(第三)挡
G4 (主变速器的)(第四)挡
HG 主变速器
iBG 第二副变速器的传动比
iHG 主变速器的传动比
iHG_min 主变速器的最小传动比
K1 (第一副变速器的)(第一)挡
K2 (第一副变速器的)(第二)挡
L (第二副变速器的)低速级
PH (第二副变速器的)齿圈
PS (第二副变速器的)太阳轮
PT (第二副变速器的)行星架
R 主变速器的倒车挡
S (第二副变速器的)高速级
SB (第二副变速器的)换挡同步器
SR (主变速器的)换挡同步器
SV (第一副变速器的)换挡同步器,直接换挡离合器
S1/2 (主变速器的)换挡同步器
S1/3 (主变速器的)换挡同步器
S1/4 (主变速器的)换挡同步器
S1/R (主变速器的)换挡同步器
S2/3 (主变速器的)换挡同步器
S2/R (主变速器的)换挡同步器
S3/4 (主变速器的)换挡同步器
VG 前置组、第一副变速器
W1 输入轴
W2 主轴
W3a 中间轴
W3b 中间轴
W4 输出轴
Claims (3)
1.自动的组合式变速器,具有三个或四个前进挡的多级的主变速器(HG)、串接在所述主变速器(HG)之前的第一副变速器(VG)以及串接在所述主变速器(HG)之后的两级的第二副变速器(BG),其中,所述第一副变速器(VG)通过可控的分离离合器与被构成为内燃机的驱动马达相连,所述主变速器(HG)和所述第二副变速器(BG)中的换挡离合器是同步的离合器或不同步的离合器,并且在分变速器(VG、HG、BG)的至少一个当中,每两个挡位的换挡离合器分别被整合在一个具有两个换挡位置和一个中间位置的共同的换挡同步器中,其特征在于,在所述主变速器(HG)中,配属于最低挡(G1)和最高挡(G4,G3)的换挡离合器被整合在一个共同的换挡同步器(S1/4,S1/3)中。
2.按权利要求1所述的自动的组合式变速器,其特征在于,为了将所述第一副变速器(VG)的输入轴(W1)与主轴(W2)连接,设置有轴向布置在输入侧的直接换挡离合器(SV)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的自动的组合式变速器,其特征在于,所述组合式变速器具有两根中间轴(W3a、W3b)。
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PCT/EP2008/052163 WO2008107317A1 (de) | 2007-03-06 | 2008-02-22 | Automatisiertes gruppengetriebe |
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EP (1) | EP2118521B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5300746B2 (zh) |
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JP5742083B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-07-01 | 井関農機株式会社 | 作業車両の走行伝動装置 |
DE102012211533A1 (de) | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Gruppengetriebe |
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DE102012216732B4 (de) * | 2012-09-19 | 2021-05-27 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Kraftfahrzeuggetriebe in Gruppenbauweise |
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DE102014205072A1 (de) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Kraftfahrzeuggetriebe in Gruppenbauweise |
JP5839075B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-23 | 2016-01-06 | 井関農機株式会社 | 作業車両の走行伝動装置 |
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US8230752B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
EP2118521A1 (de) | 2009-11-18 |
WO2008107317A1 (de) | 2008-09-12 |
JP5300746B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
JP2010520431A (ja) | 2010-06-10 |
US20100319485A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
EP2118521B1 (de) | 2013-02-13 |
CN101627229A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
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