CN101624302A - Method for producing fertilizer by stewing mixture of stalk and sludge by alkaloid substance - Google Patents
Method for producing fertilizer by stewing mixture of stalk and sludge by alkaloid substance Download PDFInfo
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- CN101624302A CN101624302A CN200910075185A CN200910075185A CN101624302A CN 101624302 A CN101624302 A CN 101624302A CN 200910075185 A CN200910075185 A CN 200910075185A CN 200910075185 A CN200910075185 A CN 200910075185A CN 101624302 A CN101624302 A CN 101624302A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a fertilizer by stewing a mixture of stalks and sludge by alkali substances, which mainly takes the mixture of concentrated sludge and vegetal stalk powder as raw materials and comprises the following technology steps: adding a medicament formed by a right quantity of alkali substances and sodium pyrophosphate into the mixture of the concentrated sludge and the vegetal stalk powder to be stewed for 0.5-6 hours under the temperature between 110 DEG C and 170 DEG C; neutralizing the mixture to pH=4-9 by an inorganic acid or an organic acid; and directly preparing a commodity organic fertilizer, or adding a right quantity of chemical fertilizers, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium, trace elements, and the like to the mixture to prepare an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, or separating the mixture to prepare a liquid organic fertilizer. The invention has simple technology and high rotten conversion speed of the raw materials, can achieve the purpose of the sterilization, the disinfection and the deodorization of the raw materials, has high organic matter and humic acid content of products and high fertilizer efficiency of the products and can realize the large-scale and low-cost fertilization utilization of the sludge and agricultural stalk wastes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer, belong to the utilization of resources and pollution prevention technique field.
Background technology
The waste that comprises crop material, wood materials industrial wood waste, agricultural byproducts processing tankage and farm animal excrement etc. is the inevitable outcome in farming, production of forestry and products thereof the course of processing, and the source is wide, quantity is big.These wastes are the biomass organism, mainly are made of compositions such as vegetation Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, pectin substances, also contain a spot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element.At present, the main flow technology that organic waste water that all types of industries enterprise produces and municipal wastewater are handled is biological process, the mud secondary product that is inevitable in this process.Along with popularizing and operation of China's industry and municipal sewage plant, sludge yield increases fast.How to solve the treatment and disposal outlet of mud, become the great environmental problem that needs to be resolved hurrily in China's urban development process.Known, the main component of mud is the cell type organic, also contains nitrogen, phosphorus major element and trace element, and water content is generally 70-85%, can be called active sludge.Therefore, stalk the like waste and mud all have the important resource attribute, can be used for producing products such as fertilizer, organic-inorganic composite fertilizer and soil improvement agent through suitable conversion processing, and this comprehensive Utilization Ways can be described as the fertilizer utilization.Disclosed utilization farming, woods waste or mud carry out fertilizerization and utilize technology in the prior art, and majority is based on the microbial fermentation principle to carry out humify and transform, and needed fermentation time takes more than 15 days at least, and conversion rate is slow.Relating to of retrieving adopts chemical method to quicken the biomass waste method that transforms of becoming thoroughly decomposed to be had: as Chinese patent literature, application number: 03122742.2 and application number: 03122743.0, disclose respectively and used potassium hydroxide alkaline process paper-making pulping black liquor and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution materials to process vegetal at normal temperatures, regulate acidity to pH4～9, directly sneak into nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer or further after fermentative processing, sneak into these mineral manure compositions again, make the method for fertilizer or organic-inorganic composite fertilizer.Chinese patent literature, application number: 02104939.4 is identical with last patent, reported and utilized acid-base material (as potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid etc.) materials to process vegetal at normal temperatures, regulate acidity to pH4～9, directly sneak into nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer or further after fermentative processing, sneak into these mineral manure compositions again, make the method for fertilizer or organic-inorganic composite fertilizer.The solution that aforesaid method utilizes residual hydrogen potassium oxide in the black liquor of pulp making or commercial acid alkaloid substance at normal temperatures with the vegetable matter reaction, still have the slow and halfway problem of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed.Chinese patent literature, application number: 200510086269.7 have reported with spissated neutral ammonium sulfite liquor and have mixed with straw powder, thermal conversion obtains wet organic fertilizer work in-process in the rotary spherical digester more than 100 ℃, after further handling, obtain fertilizer, this method utilization be rare neutral ammonium sulfite liquor, need to use after evaporation concentration, the raw material of processing only is an agricultural crop straw.About the chemical method transformation technology of mud seldom, as: Chinese patent literature, application number: 96122252.2 have reported that municipal sludge or algae-residue drying-activation-mix with inorganic mineral is fertile-granulation prepares the method for compound fertilizer, just mud has been carried out the heated drying processed in this method, mud has not been carried out humify and transform.In sum, in the prior art also not about utilizing stalk and mud mixture to produce the integrated approach report of fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, mixture with thickened sludge and stalk is a raw material, use for reference the chemical steaming pulping technique that uses in the paper industry, a kind of method of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer is provided.
Design of the present invention is such: the present invention is directed to the utilization of stalk fertilizer mainly is will solve how to realize that quick composting transforms, improves rotten degree, promptly improves the problem of the solubility humic acids content that transforms the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Fertilizer utilization at mud mainly is to solve very high problem and sterilization and the deodorizing problem of moisture content; Simultaneously, utilize stalk or sludged waste material to prepare fertilizer and will consider energy-conservation, water saving.The present invention utilizes the moisture in the mud; can obtain the organic slurries of high density behind the cooking reaction; the quick composting that can realize stalk and mud like this transforms, the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed height; realized killing simultaneously to pathogenic micro-organism contained in the raw material, parasitic ovum; and to the degraded removal and the de-odorised purpose of micro quantity organic pollutant; because the soil ulmin concentration of slurry height that obtains; need not concentrate can directly carry out drying-granulating or with the after drying granulation that is mixed of other mineral manure, can save energy cost and investment.Particularly, the said method of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) steaming mixed: that biological process is handled thickened sludge and straw powder and the steaming preparation mixing that organic waste water produces, and mix is even, pack into withstand voltage and the heating container in, mix evenly back is heated between 110 ℃～170 ℃ with steam or external source thermal source, and kept 0.5～6 hour, should make the container slow rotation in the heat-processed, so that material keeps the mixing state.The mixing quality ratio of straw powder and thickened sludge (under the weight in wet base) is controlled at (1～5): 20, the consumption of steaming preparation be said mixture amount to the dry weight quality 1%～8%, steaming preparation is by alkaloid substance and Digester Aid trisodium phosphate (Na
4P
2O
7) press mass ratio (3～10): 1 forms, and described alkaloid substance can be potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sulphite (Na
2S).The effect of alkaloid substance is that organism generation hydrolysis, decomposition, dissolving and humify in stalk and the mud are transformed, the adding one of a small amount of trisodium phosphate is that collaborative enhanced effect is played in the above-mentioned effect of alkaloid substance, the 2nd, and the slurries that boiling is obtained are easier to homogenize.The mixing of above-mentioned raw materials is order in no particular order, as long as mixing according to the above ratio and mix are evenly, the mix process can be carried out outside steamer vessel, also can carry out in steamer vessel, obtains corruption after reaction finishes and plants chylema liquid;
Used stalk can be vegetalitas agricultural wastes such as wheat straw, corn stalk, cotton bar, kaoliang stalk, straw, beanstalk and Sunflower Receptacle, pulverizes during use.
(2) neutralization: chylema liquid mineral acid is planted in above-mentioned steps 1 resulting corruption: as in phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or the nitric acid one or more or use organic acid: be neutralized to pH=4～9 as in oxalic acid, citric acid or the tartrate one or more, the best is 6～8, obtains pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process.
(3) convection drying prepares organic commercial fertilizer: above-mentioned steps 2 resulting pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process dryings are made particulate state or powdery organic commercial fertilizer, through after the assay was approved the packing get final product.Can reach following fertilizer standard: by percentage to the quality, organic content 〉=30%, total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) 〉=4%, moisture (H
2O)≤20%, acidity-basicity ph=5.5～8.0; Heavy metal content, induced worm egg death rate and intestinal bacteria index meet the requirement of GB8172.The organic content that it is pointed out that the organic commercial fertilizer product for preparing with the present invention usually can be far above this standard index value, according to the difference of raw material, generally between 45%～72%.And humic acids content is between 9%～24%, and total nutrient content also is higher than standard value usually.
(4) preparation organic-inorganic composite fertilizer: in above-mentioned steps 2 resulting pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process, add the commercially available chemical fertilizer of finished product, make effective total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element and trace element reach 10%～25%, drying is made particulate state or powdery commodity organic-inorganic composite fertilizer then, can obtain more comprehensively fertilizer of nutrient.
(5) separate the preparation liquid organic fertilizer: with above-mentioned steps 2 resulting pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process, method by filter press or centrifuging is separated into filtrate and filter residue, the humic acids mass content is 5%～24% in the resulting filtrate, add a certain amount of potash fertilizer, as saltpetre or vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, can obtain the humic acids kalium liquid fertilizer; If add various ammonium fertilizers, can obtain ammonium humate liquid fertilizer.
Resulting filter residue, the method according to step (3) or step (4) can be prepared into fertilizer or organic-inorganic composite fertilizer.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is as follows:
Realized the disposal and the utilization of mud and agricultural wastes straw, and be whole fertilizer conversions that resulting fertilizer organic matter is between 45%～72%, and humic acids content is between 9%～24%, this rotten degree that shows product obviously improves.Therefore, can also be as the raw material of other composite fertilizer of processing.Compare greatly with biological process and to have shortened the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, biological process needs 15 days at least, and this invention only needs maximum 6 hours, has also saved occupation of land; Compare with other chemical methods, have comprehensive advantage: the reaction times lacks, need not concentrate product, thereby energy consumption is low, and is simple to operate.Because the prepared in reaction process is to carry out under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, reached simultaneously and killed pathogenic micro-organism contained in the raw material, parasitic ovum, and to the degraded removal and the de-odorised purpose of micro quantity organic pollutant, resulting product is destitute of smell.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Get certain and brewage 200 kilograms of the active sludge (water ratio is 82%) that treatment of Organic Wastewater factory of enterprise produces, add 3.2 kilograms of solid potassium hydroxide, 0.5 kilogram of Powdered trisodium phosphate, mix is even, add 40 kilograms of the dried wheat straws (water ratio is 5%) of pulverizing again, mix is even, in the rotary spherical digester of packing into, keeps under the rotary spherical digester slow rotation state, be heated to 150～165 ℃ with high-pressure steam, kept then 2 hours.Stop heating and rotate, be cooled to 100 ℃ after, add 2 liters of 20% aqueous sulfuric acids, rotate rotary spherical digester and stirred 10 minutes, with in and material.Then, emit the soup compound that boiling obtains, get 92 kilograms of granular organic fertilizer products by spray granulating.The index of product is: outward appearance is black, organic matter 58.6%, total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) 10.2%, humic acids 19.3%, moisture 17.5%.
Embodiment 2
Get 200 kilograms of the active sludge (water ratio is 76%) that certain pharmacy corporation treatment of Organic Wastewater factory produces, add 4.8 kilograms of solid sodium hydroxides, 0.5 kilogram of Powdered trisodium phosphate, mix is even, add 30 kilograms of the dried corn stalk powders (water ratio is 4%) of pulverizing and crossing 20 eye mesh screens again, mix is even, in the rotary spherical digester of packing into, keeps under the rotary spherical digester slow rotation state, be heated to 130～140 ℃ with high-pressure steam, kept then 4 hours.Stop heating and rotate, be cooled to 100 ℃ after, add 1.8 kilograms of solid oxalic acid, rotate rotary spherical digester and stirred 10 minutes, with in and material.Then, emit the soup compound that boiling obtains, be transferred to and reduce in the cooling pool, add nitrogenous (N) amount 30 kilograms in urea of 46% then, contain Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P near room temperature
2O
5) 46% 20 kilograms of double superhosphate, contain potassium oxide (K
2O) 60% Repone K is 15 kilograms, after warm air drying, obtains 157 kilograms of granular organic-inorganic composite fertilizer products by the mechanical presses granulation.The index of product is: organic matter 24.6%, nitrogenous (N) amount 15% contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2O
5) 6.2%, contain potassium oxide (K
2O) 5.8%.
Embodiment 3
Get 200 kilograms of the active sludge (water ratio is 80%) that certain meat producing plant treatment of Organic Wastewater factory produces, add 4 kilograms of solid potassium hydroxide, 0.5 kilogram of Powdered trisodium phosphate, mix is even, add 20 kilograms in the cotton bar powder of pulverizing (water ratio is 3.5%) again, mix is even, in the homemade digester of packing into, keeps under the digester slow rotation state, be heated to 155～165 ℃ with high-pressure steam, kept then 3 hours.Stop heating and rotate, be cooled to 100 ℃ after, add 2.3 kilograms of citric acid solids, rotate digester and stirred 10 minutes, with in and material.Then, emit the soup compound that boiling obtains.Be separated into filtrate and filter residue with the whizzer that 60 order filter clothes are housed.The filtrate that obtains like this is about 155 kilograms.Add 15 kilograms in industrial sulphuric acid potassium, stirring and dissolving obtains 170 kilograms of humic acids kalium liquid fertilizers.The fertile outward appearance of prepared liquid is the even thick liquid of brown, and humic acids content is 9.2%, potassium oxide content (K
2O) be 6%, five heavy metal species ions such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead do not detect.The filter residue that centrifugation obtains can prepare solid organic fertilizer or organic-inorganic composite fertilizer by the method for step 3 of the present invention or 4.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) steaming mixed: that biological process is handled thickened sludge and vegetalitas straw powder and the steaming preparation mixing that organic waste water produces, and mix is even, pack into withstand voltage and the heating container in, mix evenly back is heated between 110～170 ℃ with steam or external source thermal source, and kept 0.5～6 hour, the mixing quality ratio of stalk and mud (under the weight in wet base) is controlled at (1～5): 20, the consumption of steaming preparation be said mixture amount to the dry weight quality 1%～8%, steaming preparation is by alkaloid substance and Digester Aid trisodium phosphate (Na
4P
2O
7) press mass ratio (3～10): 1 forms, and described alkaloid substance can be one or more in potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, the sodium sulphite, obtains corruption after reaction finishes and plants chylema liquid;
(2) neutralization: chylema liquid is planted in the resulting corruption of step (1) be neutralized to pH=4～9, obtain pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process with acid;
(3) directly prepare organic commercial fertilizer: the resulting pulpous state organic fertilizer of above-mentioned steps (2) work in-process drying can directly be made particulate state or powdery organic commercial fertilizer.
2, a kind of method of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) steaming mixed: that biological process is handled the concentrated back of mud and vegetalitas straw powder and the steaming preparation mixing that organic waste water produces, and mix is even, pack into withstand voltage and the heating container in, mix evenly back is heated between 110～170 ℃ with steam or external source thermal source, and kept 0.5～6 hour, the mixing quality ratio of stalk and mud (under the weight in wet base) is controlled at (1～5): 20, the consumption of steaming preparation be said mixture amount to the dry weight quality 1%～8%, steaming preparation is by alkaloid substance and Digester Aid trisodium phosphate (Na
4P
2O
7) press mass ratio (3～10): 1 forms, and described alkaloid substance can be one or more in potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, the sodium sulphite, obtains corruption after reaction finishes and plants chylema liquid;
(2) neutralization: chylema liquid is planted in the resulting corruption of step (1) be neutralized to pH=4～9, obtain pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process with acid;
(3) preparation organic-inorganic composite fertilizer: in the resulting pulpous state organic fertilizer of step (2) work in-process, add the commercially available chemical fertilizer of finished product, make effective total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element and trace element reach 10%～25%, drying is made particulate state or powdery commodity organic-inorganic composite fertilizer then.
3, a kind of method of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) steaming mixed: that biological process is handled the concentrated back of mud and vegetalitas straw powder and the steaming preparation mixing that organic waste water produces, and mix is even, pack into withstand voltage and the heating container in, mix evenly back is heated between 110～170 ℃ with steam or external source thermal source, and kept 0.5～6 hour, the mixing quality ratio of stalk and mud (under the weight in wet base) is controlled at (1～5): 20, the consumption of steaming preparation be said mixture amount to the dry weight quality 1%～8%, steaming preparation is by alkaloid substance and Digester Aid trisodium phosphate (Na
4P
2O
7) press mass ratio (3～10): 1 forms, and described alkaloid substance can be one or more in potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, the sodium sulphite, obtains corruption after reaction finishes and plants chylema liquid;
(2) neutralization: chylema liquid is planted in the resulting corruption of step (1) be neutralized to pH=4～9, obtain pulpous state organic fertilizer work in-process with acid;
(3) separate the preparation liquid organic fertilizer: with the resulting pulpous state organic fertilizer of step (2) work in-process, method by filter press or centrifuging is separated into filtrate and filter residue, in filtrate, add a kind of in saltpetre, vitriolate of tartar or the Repone K, obtain the potassium humate liquid organic fertilizer;
Add various ammonium fertilizers, obtain the ammonium humate liquid organic fertilizer.
4,, it is characterized in that used straw powder in the step (1) can be one or more in wheat straw, corn stalk, cotton bar, kaoliang stalk, straw, beanstalk and the Sunflower Receptacle according to claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described methods of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer.
5, according to claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described methods of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer, it is characterized in that said acid is mineral acid in the step (2): phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, salt
In acid, the nitric acid one or more; Or organic acid: one or more in oxalic acid, citric acid, the tartrate.
6, according to claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described methods of utilizing alkaloid substance boiling stalk and mud mixture to produce fertilizer, it is characterized in that being neutralized to pH=4～9.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101624302B CN101624302B (en) | 2011-07-20 |
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Cited By (23)
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| CN101905994A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-12-08 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | Method for extracting humic acid liquid fertilizer with rich trace elements from sludge |
| CN102515887A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-27 | 镇江维赛科技发展有限公司 | Method for producing microorganism compound fertilizer bio-fertilizer by using sludge |
| CN103601896A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-26 | 长江师范学院 | Composite extracting agent and method of extracting and separating humus from sewage sludge |
| CN103951155A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-07-30 | 湖南科技大学 | Quick composting-drying method of residual sludge by taking straws as filler |
| CN103980025A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-08-13 | 广西新天德能源有限公司 | Comprehensive recycling method for high-permeability fermentation waste liquid and sludge |
| CN104628792B (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | A kind of method that utilization wheat stalk prepares humic acidss |
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| CN108059532A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-22 | 吕来成 | A kind of ecological organic fertilizer prepared using cow dung straw and plants herb |
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