CN101609971B - 混合动力车辆再充电电缆插头的热保护装置及方法 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆再充电电缆插头的热保护装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN101609971B
CN101609971B CN2009101475488A CN200910147548A CN101609971B CN 101609971 B CN101609971 B CN 101609971B CN 2009101475488 A CN2009101475488 A CN 2009101475488A CN 200910147548 A CN200910147548 A CN 200910147548A CN 101609971 B CN101609971 B CN 101609971B
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D·B·欧维克尔克
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Abstract

本发明涉及混合动力车辆再充电电缆插头的热保护装置及方法。本发明提供了一种用于中断具有端部插头的电缆中的电流的系统。该系统包括：传感器，其耦合到插头并且具有指示插头温度的输出；以及，电流中断装置，其耦合到传感器，用于在该温度达到预定温度时中断该电缆中的电流。

Description

混合动力车辆再充电电缆插头的热保护装置及方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及混合动力车辆/电动车辆的应用，更具体地涉及一种用于检测再充电系统电缆的插头何时达到预定温度并且在该时刻中断通过该电缆的电流的系统。
背景技术
近年来，技术的进步已使汽车设计产生显著变化。这些变化中有许多涉及汽车中的，特别是混合动力车辆和电动车辆中的各种电气系统的功率使用的复杂性和重要性。这些车辆通常设计成从可再充电电池汲取其很大量的功率输出。为了更好地适应消费者，这类车辆的制造商已经通过将再充电系统设计成与常用的110/120V家庭/车库电源插座相兼容而使对电池进行再充电的过程更容易且更方便。驾驶员可以在不使用期间(例如夜间)通过简单地将再充电器的专门构造的电力电缆插入到这种电源插座中来对车辆“加油”。所述系统在整个过程中将再充电率维持在安全水平，并且在达到完全充电水平时自动断开电力。
基于家庭的车辆再充电的汽车电力电缆被设计成在延长的时间段中处理相对大的电流负载。为了提供增加的保护，制造商经常加入内装式安全部件，所述内装式安全部件通常包括位于电缆插头处或电缆插头附近的断路装置，例如接地故障断路器(ground fault circuit interrupter)或GFCI。只要检测到输出电流和返回电流水平之间存在足够的差异，GFCI就通过自动断开电路来防止漏电。然而，再充电电力电缆的插头端部会随着时间的过去而仍然变成松配合和/或变得弯曲，这可能会削弱电源插座-插头的电接触并且导致过热。此外，经常在几个小时的时间内无监控地进行再充电，并且过热的插头可能不引起漏电，从而不会被GFCI检测到。
因此，希望提供一种用于在再充电循环期间检测车辆电池再充电电缆上的插头的温度的系统。此外，还希望在插头温度达到指定阈值水平时停止再充电电缆中的电流。此外，结合附图和前述技术领域及背景技术，从随后的详细描述和随附的权利要求书中将会清楚本发明的其它希望的特征和特性。
发明内容
根据实施例，仅举例来说，提供一种用于中断具有端部插头的电缆中的电流的系统。该系统包括：耦合到该插头并且具有表示该插头的温度的输出的传感器；以及，耦合到该传感器的电流中断装置，用于在该温度达到预定温度时中断该电缆中的电流。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，提供了一种用于在再充电循环期间防止附接到电缆的车辆再充电电缆插头过热的方法。所述方法包括：在该插头中产生表示插头温度的温度相关信号；将该信号引导至耦合到再充电电缆的电流中断装置；以及，在该信号超过预定水平时中断在该电缆中流动的电流。
附图说明
在下文将结合所附的附图描述本发明，在附图中，同样的附图标记指示同样的元件，并且：
图1图示出包括插入到外部电源插座中的连接器电缆(connectorcable)的混合动力车辆；
图2是根据本发明的示例性实施例的设置在图1所示车辆上的车辆充电系统的功能框图；
图3是图示出根据本发明的实施例的再充电电缆和插头的示意图；
图4是适合与本发明实施例结合使用的示例性电子装置的示意图；以及
图5是适合与本发明实施例结合使用的示例性惠斯通电桥电路(Wheatstone Bridge circuit)的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面的详细描述实质上仅仅是示例性的并且不用来限制本发明或本发明的应用和使用。此外，本发明不意图受前文所述的技术领域、背景技术、发明内容或以下详细描述所提出的任何明确的或暗示的理论的约束。
图1是车辆100的等轴视图，车辆100例如是电池供电式电动车辆或插接式混合电动车辆。车辆100至少部分地由车载电池组件供电，该车载电池组件可以通过将再充电电缆102连接到外部功率源来再充电。例如，再充电电缆102可包括具有多个叉头的端部，所述叉头构造成插入到常用电插座功能件(outlet socket)104中，电插座功能件104耦合到国家电力网(例如，耦合到延伸经过48个相邻的州的三个主电网互连之一)。根据本发明，车辆100装备有车辆充电系统，该车辆充电系统可以确定最佳的充电初始化时间(charge initialization time，CIT)并且根据确定的CIT开始对车辆100充电。
图2是设置在车辆100上的示例性车辆充电系统106的功能视图。车辆充电系统106包括混合电池组件108，混合电池组件108包含多个电池，所述电池中的至少一个具有可再充电化学性(例如，镍金属氢化物、锂离子等)。包括定时器112(例如，处理器)的功率电子单元110耦合在电池组件108和再充电电缆102之间。功率电子单元110也可包括用于确定再充电电缆102何时连接到外部电源(例如电插座功能件104)的电压检测器113。功率电子单元110可以通过选择性地将外部电插座功能件104经由再充电电缆102耦合到电池组件108来控制对电池组件108的充电。能量存储控制模块(ESCM)114也耦合到电池组件108和功率电子单元110。ESCM 114监测电池组件108的各种运行参数(例如，电压、电流、温度、和/或充电水平)。
图3是根据第一示例性实施例的再充电电缆102的示意图。电缆102包含三条分离的电线，所述电线包括电源线(power line)144、中性线146和接地线148。这三条电线中的每一条都单独地用非导电涂层绝缘以防止与可能由此引起短路的相邻电线和/或其它外部导体相接触。这三条单独绝缘的电线由单一外部绝缘层103包封，所述外部绝缘层103包含合适的非导电材料，由此共同形成再充电电缆102。用于电线和电缆的绝缘体可通常由耐用、柔性、且非导电的材料组成，所述材料例如适当的、通常为热塑性的聚合物。
三叉头凸式连接器插头134附接到电缆102的端部并且用于将电缆102与经由凹式电插座功能件104而连通的外部功率源(通常为交流功率源)相连接。电源线144、中性线146和接地线148各自分别连接到插头134的分离的叉头150、152和154，所述插头134可以根据标准设计(例如用于带有地线的3线式装置的NEMA 5(国家电气制造者协会))来构造。插头134的截面面积可以明显大于电缆102的截面面积并且轮廓方便使用者操作。插头134通常包含非导电材料以维持内部导电元件(电线和叉头)的电隔离，并且可以热绝缘以保护使用者不会暴露于在再充电循环期间可能出现的加热。
使用内装式电流中断装置(CID)(例如断路器或GFCI)可以实现保护而免受再充电电路中的缺陷的影响。参照图3，在示例性实施例中，CID 136包括螺线管156，螺线管156耦合到嵌在插头134内的温度传感器138以提供对插头134的热保护。螺线管138包括随温度改变电阻的温度敏感元件RT，例如热敏电阻器(热阻器)或电阻式温度检测器。在另一实施例中，RT包括例如热电偶这样的元件，其产生随其温度而变的电压。RT在叉头150、152和154附近嵌在插头134内，从而随这些围绕物而改变温度。传感器138配置成检测插头134的温度何时超过预定的阈值温度，并且产生指示该温度的输出信号。螺线管156配置成接收该输出信号，并且在该温度超过该预定温度时被触发从而断开电路且中断电缆102中的电流。在另一实施例中，CID 136包括GFCI 158，并且螺线管156是通常被合并到GFCI中的类型。当传感器138产生指示超过该预定温度的温度的输出信号时，螺线管156被触发以断开电路并且中断在电缆102中流动的电流。在又一示例性实施例中，CID 136可以位于距插头134一短距离处(例如大约2英寸至大约24英寸)，或者，在另一实施例中，传感器138和CID 136可以与插头134一体形成并且被插头134包封。
该预定阈值温度可取决于很多因素，包括用于构成插头134的聚合材料的物理性质。因此，阈值温度可通常设定为低于所使用的最小热稳定材料的热形变温度(或热挠曲温度)以防止由于过度软化产生的变形。此外，希望的是将插头表面维持在使用者感到舒适的温度。因此，插头134的设计特征将影响可容许阈值温度，所述设计特征包括但不限于：形状、尺寸、所用材料以及从表面到内部发热部件(电线和叉头)的距离。在一个示例性实施例中，插头134是一种适合于用于制造电插头的注射成型工艺类型的热塑性材料。在另一实施例中，插头134由
Figure G2009101475488D00041
(聚苯硫醚(Poly(p-phenylene sulphide)))构成，
Figure G2009101475488D00042
是一种热稳定、耐溶剂、且高度耐火的热塑性材料。在又一实施例中，插头134的内部的最大预定阈值温度大约在80℃至150℃的范围内，优选约为100℃。
图4图示出根据示例性实施例的适合用作传感器138的电路。传感器138包括运算放大器160，运算放大器160具有耦合到恒压源VR的第一输入端、耦合以用于接收电压VT的第二输入端、以及提供信号iS的输出端。热敏电阻器RT如前所述嵌在插头134(图3)中并且随其温度的变化而改变电阻。来自源iA的恒定电流根据热敏电阻器RT的电阻来提供输出电压VT。当RT达到指示在插头134中感测到的预定阈值温度的阈值电阻时，电压VT变得足以使运算放大器160产生输出信号iS。在一个示例性实施例中，输出信号iS被引导至螺线管156，该螺线管156配置成在插头134的温度达到预定温度时断开，从而中断在电缆102中流动的电流。
传感器138可采用其它构造，例如图5中示意性示出的惠斯通电桥电路。该电路包括如图所示一起耦合到电压源VS的电阻R1、R2，R3和RT。输出信号iS根据这四个电阻器的值以公知方式变化。R1、R2和R3的电阻大小设置成不随温度变化，而嵌在插头134中的RT设置成具有以已知方式随温度变化的电阻。因此，输出信号iS表示插头134的温度，并且可以用于在插头134的温度达到预定温度时以前文所述的方式断开螺线管156(图4)。
虽然在前文的详细描述中已介绍了至少一个示例性实施例，但是应当了解，存在大量的变型。还应当了解，示例性实施例仅仅是示例，并且决不打算限制本发明的范围、应用性或构造。相反，前文的详细描述将为本领域技术人员提供实施所述示例性实施例的便利指导。应当理解，在不偏离所附权利要求书及其法律等价物所记载的本发明的范围的情况下，可以对元件的功能和布置进行各种改变。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于中断具有端部插头的电缆中的电流的系统，所述系统包括：
传感器，其耦合到该插头并且具有指示该插头的温度的输出；以及
电流中断装置，其耦合到该传感器，用于在该温度达到预定温度时中断所述电缆中的电流，其中所述预定温度在80℃至150℃的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中传感器与插头一体形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中电流中断装置与插头一体形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中电流中断装置和插头构造成相隔2英寸至24英寸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中传感器包括热电偶。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中传感器包括惠斯通电桥电路。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中传感器包括热阻器或电阻式温度检测器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中插头包含热塑性聚合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其中热塑性聚合物包括
Figure FSB00000779912200011
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中电流中断装置包括螺线管。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中电流中断装置还包括耦合到螺线管的接地故障断路器。
12.一种用于中断具有插头的车辆再充电电缆中的电流的系统，所述系统包括：
温度敏感装置，其包封在该插头中并且具有指示该插头的温度的输出；以及
电流中断装置，其耦合到该温度敏感装置，用于接收所述输出并且在该温度达到预定温度时中断该车辆再充电电缆中的电流，其中所述预定温度在80℃至150℃的范围内。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中电流中断装置集成到插头中。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中电流中断装置包括螺线管。
15.根据权利要求12所述的系统，其中电流中断装置还包括耦合到螺线管的接地故障断路器。
16.一种用于在再充电循环期间防止附接到电缆的车辆再充电电缆插头过热的方法，包括以下步骤：
在该插头中产生指示插头温度的温度相关信号；
将该信号引导至耦合到该再充电电缆的电流中断装置；以及
在该信号超过预定温度时中断在该电缆中流动的电流，其中所述预定温度在80℃至150℃的范围内。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中中断步骤还包括在插头温度达到预定温度时中断电流，所述预定温度小于插头的热形变温度。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中中断步骤还包括在插头温度达到预定温度时中断电流，所述预定温度为100℃。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括将温度传感器和电流中断装置包封到插头中。
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