CN101602059B - 处理苛化泥的方法 - Google Patents

处理苛化泥的方法 Download PDF

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CN101602059B
CN101602059B CN200910159524.4A CN200910159524A CN101602059B CN 101602059 B CN101602059 B CN 101602059B CN 200910159524 A CN200910159524 A CN 200910159524A CN 101602059 B CN101602059 B CN 101602059B
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J·伊萨克森
K·库卡南
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Weimeide Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/04—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters of alkali lye
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
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    • C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • C04B2/106—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling in fluidised bed furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water

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Abstract

处理苛化泥的方法，在此方法中苛化泥被传输至石灰窑(1)，其中燃料气体作为燃料使用，此燃料气体通过循环流化床气化器(2)形成。钙化合物在气化器(2)中作为床料被使用。另外，本发明涉及在苛化泥处理装置中钙化合物的使用，以及苛化泥处理装置。

Description

处理苛化泥的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及处理苛化泥(lime mud)的方法。另外，本发明涉及使用钙化合物作为苛化泥处理装置的循环流化床气化器(a circulating fluidized bed gasifier)的床料(bed material)，以及苛化泥处理装置。
背景技术
苛化泥是固体形式的碳酸钙(CaCO3)。苛化泥是在制造白液时在浆体制造过程中形成的，且它通过过滤从白液中分离出来。石灰窑进而是烘炉，其中苛化泥被烧成钙氧化物，也即，成为烧成钙(burnt calcium)(CaO)和二氧化碳(CO2)，其后钙能被重新用于苛化作用。
典型地，石灰窑是稍微倾斜的、水平旋转的烘炉。窑在内部用砖做衬里。衬里的目的是减少窑的热损失，以及保护窑不受腐蚀性化合物损害。所使用的窑长为53至122m且直径为2至4m。相应地，产量每天在45t至400t CaO之间。
传统的石灰窑可被分成四个不同的区域：苛化泥进料端包括干燥区域，其中苛化泥中含有的水被蒸发。接下来是加热区域，其中加热苛化泥至反应温度。在那之后是反应区域，其中碳酸钙分解成氧化钙和二氧化碳。最后是冷却区域，其中钙在被从窑中移出前被冷却。
窑包括燃烧炉，其火焰的温度和尺寸可以影响尤其是窑的生产能力和钙的质量。油或气通常被用作燃烧炉中的燃料。在某些方案中，循环流化床气化器，即CFB气化器被用于气化树皮或其他生物质。在这之中形成的产物气体取代了在石灰窑中用作燃料的天然气或油。
在已知的方案中，白云石或砂在气化器中被用作床料(bed material)。床料是磨细的且部分始终飞向石灰窑，因此，由于其这一部分，导致苛化泥和/或最终产物的污染。类似地，燃料的部分灰烬存在在石灰窑中。
因为产物气体的热值小，所以需要大量的气体用于提供需要的能量。
发明内容
现在，已经发明了方案，利用该方案，当由生物质或其它燃料气化得到的产物气体被用作燃料时，能够提高石灰窑的最终产物，即烧成钙(burnt calcium)的纯度。
为了实现此目标，根据本发明的方法主要特征在于在独立权利要求1中所展示的。接下来，根据本发明钙化合物的用途的主要特征在于在独立权利要求6中所展示的。接下来根据本发明苛化泥处理装置(lime mud treatment plant)的主要特征在于在独立权利要求8中所展示的。其它从属权利要求将展示一些本发明的优选实施方案。
本发明的基本想法是使用钙化合物，例如碳酸钙(CaCO3)，氧化钙(CaO)，氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)和/或苛化泥作为循环流化床气化器的床料。苛化泥得自在苛化作用之后石灰窑之前的浆体磨的化学循环过程中。由床料磨成的材料是氧化钙，即它相应于烧成钙(CaO)，在这种情况下传输至石灰窑的床料不会引起最终产物的污染，从而如果必要可以增加石灰窑的产量。
在有利的实施方案中，苛化泥被运输至石灰窑，其中燃料气体被用作燃料。燃料气体是通过循环流化床气化器形成的，其中钙化合物用作床料。
在实施方案中，燃料气体由生物基的或其它的材料在气化器中形成。生物基的燃料包括，例如树皮，木屑，锯屑，稻草，不同的伐木废物和其他有机废物，等等。其他适于气化的燃料包括，例如泥炭和废纸。
在实施方案中，至少部分的苛化泥被送至气化器。这样，苛化泥被部分或全部煅烧且和产物气体一起被传送至石灰窑。这样，烧成钙(CaO)的污染减小且通过煅烧已经存在于气化器中的部分苛化泥能够增加石灰窑的产量。
本发明不同的实施方案可以不同的配置在不同的环境中使用。
附图说明
接下来，将根据所附的原理图对本发明进行更细致的说明，其中
图1展示了根据本发明的苛化泥处理装置。
图2展示了苛化泥处理装置的另一种实施方案。
为了清楚起见，附图仅展示了为了理解本发明的必要的细节。对于理解本发明不必要而对于任何本领域技术人员显而易见的结构和细节在图中被省略以强调本发明的特征。
具体实施方式
图1仅展示了描述本发明所必须的石灰窑处理装置的那些部分。这些部分包括石灰窑1和气化器单元2。气化器单元2是循环流化床气化器，即CFB气化器。气化器2包括过程室3，在过程室3中空气、将被气化的燃料和床料通过合适的送料结构被传输。在过程室3中，燃料被气化成产物气体。气化器单元2另外包括分离单元4，例如旋风分离器，在分离单元4目的是从产物气体中分离床料和灰。分离的床料在该实施例中被循环返回到过程室3。接下来，灰从气化器的较低部分被移除。产物气体被从气化器2传输至石灰窑1。实际上，床料和燃烧残余也和产物气体一起被传输至石灰窑1。
气化过程特别适合于固体的生物基燃料，例如树皮，木片，锯屑，稻草，不同的伐木废物和其他生物基废物，等等。其他燃料，例如泥炭和废纸，也可被用于气化。
钙化合物用作床料。被送至气化器单元2的床料是细粒状且在气化器中至少它的一部分是被磨至更细。细床料可与正形成的燃料气体一起进一步被传输到石灰窑1。
石灰窑1的传统结构在上面已被描绘了。石灰窑1包括燃烧炉，产物气体从气化器被传输至此。燃烧炉的火焰的温度和尺寸可以影响，尤其是窑的生产能力和钙的质量。另外，空气和苛化泥被传输至石灰窑1。钙和烟道气接下来排出石灰窑1。典型地，烟道气被导向清洁单元(未显示)，例如，烟道气清洁器。
通过使用钙化合物作为在气化器2中的床料，积聚在石灰窑1中的不期望的材料的量可被减少。烧成钙是在石灰窑中生产的材料，并且在气化器中被磨细并经由石灰窑1传输的床料可因此在最终产物中被利用。
在图2的应用中，至少一部分的苛化泥被送至气化器2。被送至气化器2的苛化泥有利地用作床料。在一种实施方案中，全部床料由苛化泥形成。在另一种应用中，只有一部分床料由苛化泥形成且床料的其余部分由一些其它合适的材料，例如碳酸钙、氧化钙和/或氢氧化钙形成。在气化器2的过程室3中，苛化泥被部分或全部煅烧。煅烧的苛化泥和产物气体一起被输送至石灰窑1。用此方法可以增加苛化泥处理装置的产量。
另外，苛化泥处理装置有利地包括用于燃料的干燥单元5和燃料中间储存室6，以及燃烧气体预热室7。
通过以各种方式组合联系上述本发明不同实施方案公开的模式和结构，依照到本发明的精神，可以产生本发明的各种实施方案。因此，上述实施例绝不应被理解为对本发明的限制，而且本发明的实施方案在由下文的权利要求所展示的发明特征范围内可以自由地变化。

Claims (5)

1.处理苛化泥的方法，在此方法中苛化泥被传输至石灰窑，在其中燃料气体用作燃料，该燃料气体通过循环流化床气化器形成，其特征在于部分的苛化泥进料到气化器中，用作所述气化器的床料，其中所述苛化泥得自在苛化作用之后石灰窑之前的浆体磨的化学循环过程中。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于全部床料由苛化泥形成。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于一部分床料由苛化泥形成且床料的其余部分由碳酸钙、氧化钙和/或氢氧化钙形成。
4.根据任一前述权利要求的方法，其特征在于燃料气体在所述气化器中由生物基材料形成。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项的方法，其特征在于燃料气体在所述气化器中由下列燃料中至少一种形成：树皮、木片、锯屑、稻草、伐木废物、泥炭、废纸。
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AT15446U1 (de) * 2016-03-30 2017-09-15 Mondi Ag Verfahren zum Optimieren der Verfahrensführung eines Kalkofenprozesses in einem Alkalikreislauf eines Zellstoffaufschlussverfahrens
CN109574523B (zh) * 2018-12-25 2024-04-16 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 一种气化炉高温煤气热送直接燃烧的石灰窑
CN110373230A (zh) * 2019-07-29 2019-10-25 安徽工业大学 一种流化床气化飞灰返炉气化的方法

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ES2606529T3 (es) 2017-03-24
FI20085583A (fi) 2009-12-14
PL2133402T3 (pl) 2017-04-28
CN101602059A (zh) 2009-12-16
EP2133402A2 (en) 2009-12-16
EP2133402A3 (en) 2011-05-18
BRPI0902045B1 (pt) 2018-07-10
US20090311644A1 (en) 2009-12-17
PT2133402T (pt) 2017-01-09
FI20085583A0 (fi) 2008-06-13
FI126542B (fi) 2017-02-15
EP2133402B1 (en) 2016-10-05
CA2668802A1 (en) 2009-12-13

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