CN101598581A - Flow velocity measuring system and method thereof based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology - Google Patents
Flow velocity measuring system and method thereof based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN101598581A CN101598581A CNA2009100631671A CN200910063167A CN101598581A CN 101598581 A CN101598581 A CN 101598581A CN A2009100631671 A CNA2009100631671 A CN A2009100631671A CN 200910063167 A CN200910063167 A CN 200910063167A CN 101598581 A CN101598581 A CN 101598581A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of flow velocity measuring system and method thereof, relate to a kind of fluid-velocity survey technology based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology.The structure of this device is: sensor fibre (20) places fluid (00), is connected successively before and after heating arrangement (30), sensor fibre (20), distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10) and the flow velocity calculation element (40); By heating arrangement (30) and sensor fibre (20) test flow velocity, by distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10) flow velocity is converted to temperature value, by flow velocity calculation element (40) temperature value is converted into flow velocity.The present invention can measure the flow rate of fluid field effectively fast; The flow velocity of energy convection cell is monitored in real time; Monitor easyly, can satisfy various measurement requirement; Be applicable to the measurement of various rate of flow of fluids, be particularly useful for the measurement of large volume fluid diverse location flow velocity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluid-velocity survey technology, particularly a kind of flow velocity measuring system and method thereof based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology.
Background technology
Fluid-velocity survey is vital test event in the practice of hydraulic test Research And Engineering.Use the more 5 kinds of methods that have at present: Pitot tube fluid-velocity survey method, miniature oar fluid-velocity survey method, hot line fluid-velocity survey method, laser optical method and the particle image velocimetry method of revolving.
1, Pitot tube fluid-velocity survey method
Use classic Pitot tube fluid-velocity survey instrument, measuring method is simpler, measure or flow measurement but can only be used for average velocity, and measuring accuracy is not high.
2, the miniature oar fluid-velocity survey method of revolving
Miniature propeller current meter belongs to the direct-reading current meter, and it is convenient to measure, but can't measure the spillway channel bottom velocity, and the oar that revolves of measurement high-velocity flow damages easily.
3, hot line fluid-velocity survey method
Hot-wire anemometer stream field singularity requires few, and measuring process is simple relatively, is still the important tool of turbulent flow research so far.But the heated filament slenderness ratio needs to demarcate, and is again the contact metering system, tested flow field is produced disturb.
4, laser optical method
The laser current meter is a non-cpntact measurement, have and do not destroy the medium fluidised form, do not influence the velocity flow profile in the velocity field, the measuring accuracy height, noninertia almost, dynamic response is fast, and the scope that tests the speed is big, and measuring point is little, the spatial resolution height, do not need calibration, can be used for many outstanding advantages such as mordant fluid media (medium), so its research and application are developed rapidly.It is more convenient that the laser current meter is used to measure the velocity ratio of point of fixity, but when being used to measure the flow velocity of the different water-carrying section of sluicing groove, owing to need to focus on time-consuming more to putting, thereby the T.T. of measuring is long, influences measuring speed, and too expensive.
5, particle image velocimetry method
Do not destroy the flow field during particle image velocimetry systematic survey, can measure the large tracts of land flow rate and direction at short notice, have higher precision, thereby obtained in recent years using widely; Shortcoming is that the flow field of this systematic survey in large-scale physical experiments is a surface flow field, mesophotic variation of measuring process and particle also can influence measurement effect with water-based etc.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome the shortcoming and defect that prior art exists, and a kind of flow velocity measuring system and method thereof based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology is provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The distributing optical fiber sensing technology is the effective monitoring means of a kind of advanced person, have anti-flaming, explosion-proof, anticorrosive, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), anti-thunderbolt, high pressure resistant, high precision, exquisite soft and do not influence the measured object rerum natura, can realize long distance advantage such as distributed measurement and location real-time, all be subjected to the great attention of researcher in many monitorings field, obtained deep research, and applied rapidly.
The distributing optical fiber sensing technology mainly changes the variation that reflects the monitoring target physical index by the fiber optic temperature that measures, and the motion of fluid can be taken away the heat in the optical fiber, and because the small and exquisite softness of optical fiber, can be made into Any shape, therefore, adopt optical fiber that flow velocity is measured, not only can obtain certain any flow velocity, can also obtain the flow velocity of any one section of needs measurement, therefore, the introduction of optical fiber sensing technology provides a kind of method effectively and easily fast for the monitoring of flow velocity.
One, based on the flow velocity measuring system (abbreviation system) of distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology
Native system comprises measurand---fluid is provided with distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument, sensor fibre, heating arrangement and flow velocity calculation element;
Sensor fibre places fluid, is connected successively before and after heating arrangement, sensor fibre, distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument and the flow velocity calculation element;
The distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument is a kind of device that light signal is converted to the temperature amount;
Sensor fibre is a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor;
Heating arrangement is a kind of device that thermal source is provided to sensor fibre;
The flow velocity calculation element is a kind of device that temperature conversion is become flow velocity.
Its principle of work is:
At first be that the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument is launched laser pulse to sensor fibre, in the process that laser pulse is propagated in sensor fibre with the optical fiber interaction of molecules, the scattering of various ways takes place, Raman scattering is wherein a kind of, the Raman scattering light intensity is relevant with temperature, these light signals return to the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument by optical fiber again, and the distribution type fiber-optic measuring instrument just obtains along the initial temperature value of journey optical fiber according to the light signal that returns; Afterwards, heating arrangement applies the electric current of certain power to sensor fibre, and sensor fibre is heated, the sensor fibre temperature rises, heat transmission takes place in sensor fibre and surrounding fluid, and the water of different in flow rate makes sensor fibre heat transfer capacity difference, and promptly sensor fibre temperature rising value is different; After the sensor fibre temperature stabilization, the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument to sensor fibre emission laser pulse, records sensor fibre temperature this moment once more; At last temperature value is imported the flow velocity calculation element, the flow velocity calculation element converts temperature value to flow velocity.
In sum, native system is by heating arrangement and sensor fibre test flow velocity, by the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument flow velocity is converted to temperature value, by the flow velocity calculation element temperature value is converted into flow velocity.
Two, based on the flow-speed measurement method (abbreviation method) of distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology
This method is a kind of direct measuring method, adopt direct current to being positioned over the sensor fibre heating in the fluid, measure the temperature of sensor fibre in the fluid by the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument, utilize ultimate principles such as hydraulics, thermal conduction study to set up relation between the temperature difference and flow velocity, heating power, water body coefficient of heat conductivity etc., and exploitation corresponding calculated program, finally obtain the flow velocity size.
The measurement basic step is:
1. according to the fluid-velocity survey requirement, sensor fibre is made into the shape that needs puts into fluid;
2. sensor fibre two and distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument are connected, heating arrangement is connected two of sensor fibre;
3. adopt the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument to measure the temperature of sensor fibre in the fluid, obtain the initial temperature value of sensor fibre along Cheng Liuti;
4. start heating arrangement,, adopt (general several watts/,, measure the temperature of sensor fibre at this moment of suitable firm powers when the sensor fibre temperature reaches when stablize m) to the sensor fibre heating according to actual conditions;
5. the sensor fibre temperature value that measures is imported the flow velocity calculation element, programming by computer software obtains the fluid velocity of different sensor fibre location points.
The principle of work of this method is:
At first be that the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument is launched laser pulse to sensor fibre, in the process that laser pulse is propagated in sensor fibre with the optical fiber interaction of molecules, the scattering of various ways takes place, Raman scattering is wherein a kind of, the Raman scattering light intensity is relevant with temperature, these light signals return to the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument by sensor fibre again, and the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument just obtains along the initial temperature value of journey sensor fibre according to the light signal that returns; Afterwards, heating arrangement applies the electric current of certain power to sensor fibre, and sensor fibre is heated, the sensor fibre temperature rises, heat transmission takes place in sensor fibre and surrounding fluid, and the flowing water of different flow velocitys is different with the sensor fibre heat transfer capacity, and promptly sensor fibre temperature rising value is different; The distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument records the temperature of sensor fibre this moment once more to sensor fibre emission laser pulse; At last temperature value is imported the flow velocity calculation element, the flow velocity calculation element is converted into flow velocity with temperature value.
The present invention has following advantage and good effect:
1, can measure the flow rate of fluid field effectively fast;
2, the flow velocity of energy convection cell is monitored in real time;
3, monitoring is easy, can satisfy various measurement requirement;
4, be applicable to the measurement of various rate of flow of fluids, be particularly useful for the measurement of large volume fluid diverse location flow velocity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of native system;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of heating arrangement;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of flow velocity calculation element;
Fig. 5 is the workflow diagram that the computer software of flow velocity calculation element programs.
Wherein:
The 00-fluid;
10-distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument,
The 11-laser module, 12-optical fiber and optical fiber winding temperature sensor;
13-photoelectricity is accepted amplifier module, the 14-optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer,
The 15-signal processing system;
The 20-sensor fibre;
The 30-heating arrangement,
The 31-AC power, the 32-pressure regulator, the 33-voltage stabilizer,
The 34-rectifier, 35-heats electric wire;
40-flow velocity calculation element,
The 41-data input module, 42-data processing module, 43-data outputting module.
Embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
One, system
1, overall
As Fig. 1, native system comprises measurand---fluid 00 is provided with distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument 10, sensor fibre 20, heating arrangement 30 and flow velocity calculation element 40;
Distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument 10 is a kind of devices that light signal converted to the temperature amount;
Flow velocity calculation element 40 is a kind of devices that temperature conversion become flow velocity.
2, functional block
(1) the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument 10
As Fig. 2, distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument 10 has off-the-shelf, and laser module 11, optical fiber and the optical fiber winding temperature sensor 12, the photoelectricity that connect successively before and after comprising are accepted amplifier module 13, optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 14 and signal processing system 15.
Its principle of work is:
1. laser module 11
2. optical fiber and optical fiber winding temperature sensor 12
Optical fiber and optical fiber winding temperature sensor 12 are meant the optical fiber and the optical fiber winding temperature sensor of linear distribution.
3. photoelectricity is accepted amplifier module 13
Photoelectricity accept amplifier module 13 by magnetic tape trailer fibre, band before light avalanche diode (APD) and high-gain, broadband, the low noise main amplifier put form.
4. optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 12
Optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 12 is made up of 1 * 3 bidirectional optical fiber coupling mechanism (BDC) and wavelength division multiplexer system (multiple-beam interference type high-isolation optical filter).
5. signal processing system 14
(2) sensor fibre 20
(3) heating arrangement 30
The AC power 31 that connects successively before and after heating arrangement 30 comprises, pressure regulator 32, voltage stabilizer 33, rectifier 34 and heating electric wire 35;
Its principle of work is:
AC power 31 is imported pressure regulator 32 with alternating current, and pressure regulator 32 utilizes voltage stabilizer 33 to stablize this voltage alternating current furnishing required voltage, converts the voltage stabilizing alternating current to direct current by rectifier 34, resupplies 35 heating of heating electric wire.
1. pressure regulator 32
Pressure regulator 32 is a kind of equipment that supply voltage is adjusted to required voltage; Its function is according to fiber lengths, resistive fiber rate size and institute's velocity measurement size, selects correspondent voltage.
2. voltage stabilizer 33
Voltage stabilizer 33 is a kind of equipment of stable input voltage; Its function is the voltage constant that assurance applies.
3. rectifier 34
Rectifier 34 is a kind ofly to convert alternating current to galvanic equipment; Its function is that AC rectification is become direct current, relies on direct current that sensor fibre 20 is heated.
(4) the flow velocity calculation element 40
The data input module 41, data processing module 42 and the data outputting module 43 that connect successively before and after flow velocity calculation element 40 comprises.
Its principle of work is: data input module 41 is imported data processing module 42 with temperature data, and data processing module 42 becomes flow velocity with temperature transition, afterwards by data outputting module 43 by visual screen output.
The effect of flow velocity calculation element 40 is exactly to adopt computer software to program, and with the automatic loading routine of distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument 10 measured temperatures, the data system according to demarcating converts temperature variation to the flow velocity index.
As Fig. 6, the workflow that computer software programs comprises the following steps:
1. data input module 41: data acquisition is provided with 411 and gather temperature required data;
2. data processing module 42: temperature calculates 422 in flow velocity relational expression 421 and diverse location flow velocity;
3. data outputting module 43: the visual image of storage flow speed data 431 and flow velocity and position.
Two, method
The idiographic flow of this method is:
At first be that DTS (distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument) is to the abcde place of sensor fibre emission laser signal, produce Raman scattering in the sensor fibre, afterwards, according to the residing environment temperature difference of sensor fibre, sensor fibre reflects different Raman scattering information to DTS, DTS adopts after some software and hardwares processing according to these information, and last directly output is along the temperature and the temperature pattern of journey sensor fibre.According to different needs, the spacing distance of output temperature point can be inequality, such as can also exporting a temperature value by every 0.5m by temperature value of spacing distance output of every 0.2m.DTS just can be by certain time interval (8 seconds, 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute and 15 seconds ...) temperature variation of the whole sensor fibre of continuous coverage.DTS also can carry out single-ended measurement, but in order to reach the precision same with double-end measurement, needs to increase the response time of measuring.
The measuring principle of the direct method of measurement:
During not to sensor fibre 20 heating, promptly in time τ=0 o'clock, the temperature T of sensor fibre 20 equals the initial temperature T of surrounding fluid 00
0, i.e. T
1=T
0Be located at heating Δ τ after the time, sensor fibre 20 is in steady state (SS) with the heat transfer of fluid 00, and at this moment, the temperature of sensor fibre 20 remains unchanged, and establishing its temperature is T
2
Consider the heat transfer steady state (SS), after sensor fibre 20 and fluid 00 heat transfer were stable, the heat that heating arrangement 30 is produced in sensor fibre 20 equaled conduction heat and the advection heat sum that sensor fibre 20 transmits to fluid 00, promptly
P＝Q
λ+Q
v (1)
P is the power that extraneous heating arrangement 30 puts on sensor fibre 20 in the formula;
Q
λBe the conduction heat between fluid 00 and the fluid 00;
Q
vBe the advection heat between fluid 00 and the fluid 00.
Have according to the heat conduction formula,
Wherein A is the heat-conducting area between sensor fibre 20 and the fluid 00, λ
wCoefficient of heat conductivity for fluid 00.Because the thermograde between supposition sensor fibre 20 and the surrounding medium is a linear relationship, above equation can be write as the form of difference:
Δ x is the sensor fibre 20 heating scopes of influence afterwards in the formula;
Δ T is at a distance of for 2 the temperature difference of Δ x, at this, and Δ T=T
2-T
0(temperature difference between sensor fibre 20 and the flowing water 00).
Cool off formula and aforementioned known conditions according to newton, the advection heat between sensor fibre 20 and the fluid 00 is:
Q
v＝Ah(T
2-T
0)
The computing formula of h is in the formula: h=Du
n, wherein D is and the relevant constants such as coefficient of heat conductivity, specific heat capacity, density, kinematic coefficient of viscosity and fibre diameter of angle of shock correction factor, fluid 00, u is fluid 00 speed; N is fluid 00 an outer constant of plunderring single tube.
With Q
λAnd Q
vSubstitution formula (1) has
(3)
Introduce too temperature θ=T
2-T
0, obtain
Then
With h=Du
n, P value, A value substitution formula (4), be transformed into the function of flow velocity u
U is the voltage of heating arrangement 30 in the formula;
I is the electric current of heating arrangement 30;
R is the radius of sensor fibre 20;
L is the length of sensor fibre 20.
So the relational expression of thermal parameter, sensor fibre 20 diameters and the length etc. of electric current that the water velocity of obtaining and sensor fibre 20 excess enthalpy temperature, the external world apply and voltage, fluid 00, this formula is the theoretical equation of the direct method of measurement.Reserve the thermal parameter of sensor fibre 20 when rate, record and extraneously add power, too after the value of parameter amount such as temperature, just can calculate the size of flow velocity.
List of references:
[1] Li Changhua, Jin Dechun. river model test [M]. Beijing: People's Transportation Press, 1981.12.
[2] Cai Shouyun, all beneficial people, Xie Rui, etc. river seashore model measurement technology [M]. Beijing: Maritime Press, 2004.11.
[3]Cai?Shouyun.Measurement?Technology?of?the?Sedimentation?Model?Test?in?theThree?Gorges?Project(At?Dam?Site)[C]//.In：CHES?and?IAHR?eds.Proceedings?of?theFirst?International?symposium?on?Hydraulic?Measurement，Beijing，1994.
[4] Zhao Youhao, Cai Hui, Ma Hongjiao etc. large-scale river model intelligent data acquisition and control system. Hohai University's journal, 1998,26 (7): 14 ~ 19.
[5] the Luo Tian peak .U shape channel flow velocity regularity of distribution and current measured technology research .[master thesis D], Ling Yang: Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology, 2006.
[6] Wu Jia. the latest developments of flow-speed measurement method summary and instrument. instrumentation technology, 2005,25 (6): 1 ~ 4.
[7] Cai Shouyun, Yang Daming, Zhu Qijun. the analysis and research of model test fluid-velocity survey instrument. water resource and water conservancy project journey journal, 2007,18 (3): 36 ~ 38.
[8] Zhang Shenyang, ZhangBing Wei. the application of Doppler profile flow rate and direction instrument in river mouth, Qiantang River fluid-velocity survey. Zhejiang water conservancy science and technology, 2008,157 (3): 31 ~ 32
Claims (7)
1, a kind of flow velocity measuring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology comprises measurand---fluid (00) is characterized in that:
Be provided with distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10), sensor fibre (20), heating arrangement (30) and flow velocity calculation element (40);
Sensor fibre (20) places fluid (00), is connected successively before and after heating arrangement (30), sensor fibre (20), distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10) and the flow velocity calculation element (40);
Distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10) is a kind of device that light signal is converted to the temperature amount;
Sensor fibre (20) is a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor;
Heating arrangement (30) is a kind of device of thermal source being provided for sensor fibre (20);
Flow velocity calculation element (40) is a kind of device that temperature conversion is become flow velocity;
By heating arrangement (30) and sensor fibre (20) test flow velocity, by distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10) flow velocity is converted to temperature value, by flow velocity calculation element (40) temperature value is converted into flow velocity.
2, by the described flow velocity measuring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Laser module (11), optical fiber and the optical fiber winding temperature sensor (12), the photoelectricity that connect successively before and after distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (10) comprises are accepted amplifier module (13), optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer (14) and signal processing system (15).
3, by the described flow velocity measuring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Sensor fibre (20) is a kind of linear distribution fibre optic temperature sensor.
4, by the described flow velocity measuring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The AC power (31) that connects successively before and after heating arrangement (30) comprises, pressure regulator (32), voltage stabilizer (33), rectifier (34) and heating electric wire (35).
5, by the described flow velocity measuring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The data input module (41), data processing module (42) and the data outputting module (43) that connect successively before and after flow velocity calculation element (40) comprises.
6, press the flow-speed measurement method of the described flow velocity measuring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that this method is a kind of direct measuring method, adopt direct current to being positioned over the sensor fibre heating in the fluid, measure the temperature of sensor fibre in the fluid by the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument, utilize the ultimate principle of hydraulics, thermal conduction study to set up relation between the temperature difference and flow velocity, heating power, the water body coefficient of heat conductivity, and exploitation corresponding calculated program, finally obtain the flow velocity size;
It measures basic step:
1. according to the fluid-velocity survey requirement, sensor fibre is made into the shape that needs puts into fluid;
2. sensor fibre two and distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument are connected, heating arrangement is connected two of sensor fibre;
3. adopt the distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument to measure the temperature of sensor fibre in the fluid, obtain the initial temperature value of sensor fibre along Cheng Liuti;
4. start heating arrangement,, adopt suitable firm power that sensor fibre is heated,, measure the temperature of sensor fibre this moment when the sensor fibre temperature reaches when stablizing according to actual conditions;
5. the sensor fibre temperature value that measures is imported the flow velocity calculation element, programming by computer software obtains the fluid velocity of different sensor fibre location points.
7, by the described flow-speed measurement method of claim 6, it is characterized in that the workflow that computer software programs comprises the following steps:
1. data inputs (41): data acquisition setting (411) and collection temperature required data (412);
2. data processing (42): temperature and flow velocity relational expression (421) and diverse location flow velocity calculate (422);
3. data outputs (43): the visual image (432) of storage flow speed data (431) and flow velocity and position.
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