CN103983365A - Multi-measuring-head transient radiation heat flow meter and measuring method for thermal radiation heat flow density - Google Patents

Multi-measuring-head transient radiation heat flow meter and measuring method for thermal radiation heat flow density Download PDF

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CN103983365A
CN103983365A CN201410234217.9A CN201410234217A CN103983365A CN 103983365 A CN103983365 A CN 103983365A CN 201410234217 A CN201410234217 A CN 201410234217A CN 103983365 A CN103983365 A CN 103983365A
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thermo
gauge head
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heat
responsive gauge
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CN103983365B (en
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黄勇
施国栋
朱克勇
王浚
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a quick-response heat flow meter for non-contact measurement of heat flow density. The heat flow meter comprises multi-sensitive-surface measuring heads, a heat sink body, a heat sink body temperature thermocouple, a data acquisition device and a data processing and displaying device. As the temperatures of two identical materials with different absorption rates are different under the action of radiation heat flows with the same intensity, the temperature difference relations between radiation heat flow density and two sensitive surfaces are established. Meanwhile, system errors are further avoided. Accordingly, the developed high-accuracy transient radiation heat flow meter has the advantages that the heat flow meter can meet space technology requirements and be used in a vacuum environment and can also be used in a ground convection environment; the heat flow meter is simpler in structure; the heat flow meter can work continuously and can be connected in series to form a thermopile so that temperature difference thermoelectric force can be increased, and errors in the measuring process are reduced.

Description

The assay method of many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter and heat radiation heat flow density
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for measuring many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter of the various heat radiation heat flow densities such as steam boiler, soaking pit, heat supply pipeline, space heat radiation and utilizing this heat flow meter to carry out the assay method of heat radiation heat flow density.
Background technology
Radiation heatflowmeter has important application in a lot of fields such as sun power, space technology, meteorology, industry, metallurgy, the energy, power, air-conditioning, and hot-fluid etection theory and technology are more and more subject to people's attention.The total radiation heat flow meter using is at present divided into heat-conduction-type steady state thermal flowmeter and lump heat capacity type heat flow meter, all designs according to heat balance principle.In order to improve the testing precision to variation radiant flux, need the research of high precision transient radiation heatflowmeter.
Main several frequently seen Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter is to be all made up of single sensitive area.The first; by setting up sensitive area temperature variation and radiant heat flux magnitude relation is tried to achieve radiant heat flux; but the variation of sensitive area temperature is not directly to be measured by sensitive area itself; or to utilize other thermopair to carry out; between thermopair and copper sheet, exist like this process of a heat conduction; in order to compensate the temperature and the dynamic error of copper sheet true temperature because of time delay generation that thermopair records in radiant heat flux sudden change; data processing also will compensate conventionally, can affect error and the response time of measurement.The second, circle paper tinsel formula thermal transient flowmeter, contacts transferring heat by single constantan sensitive area with the heat sink body of copper, set up hot-fluid and sensitive area temperature gradient relation, but contact area is larger, the temperature rise meeting of heat sink body has influence on measurement result, is unfavorable for working long hours.The third, heat insulation-type thermal transient flowmeter, design the structure of following the tracks of sensitive area temperature variation, make sensitive area and tracing surface keep uniform temp, set up radiant heat flux and follow the tracks of the relation that adds heat, this method is beneficial to long-time measurement, but structure is comparatively complicated, and the factor that is disturbed impact is also more.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention designs according to heat balance principle, in conjunction with circle paper tinsel formula heat flow meter and heat insulation-type thermal transient flowmeter all advantages, ingehious design the model of Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter, directly measure temperature by double testing head differential thermocouple, set up the relation of temperature difference between radiant heat flux density and two sensitive areas, also avoided systematic error simultaneously, exploitation one can be used under meeting spatial technology vacuum environment, the high precision transient radiation heatflowmeter that also can use in the convection environment of ground.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A radiation heatflowmeter for many sensitive areas gauge head, comprises first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head, heat sink body, heat sink body temperature thermocouple, data collecting instrument, control system, with data processing and display device part,
After first thermo-responsive described gauge head, be provided with the first thermal insulation material, after second thermo-responsive described gauge head, be provided with the second thermal insulation material, the thermal absorptivity of first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head is different, mutually adiabatic between first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head, close from the received radiant heat flux of thermal source is each other identical under the same conditions.
Described heat sink body is connected with heat sink body temperature thermocouple, described first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head is connected with heat sink body respectively, first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head, heat sink body heat galvanic couple is connected with data collecting instrument respectively, and by first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head, the thermal signal that heat sink body heat galvanic couple receives is sent in data collecting instrument, the simulating signal that data collecting instrument produces is through amplifying, A/D conversion process converts digital signal to and sends into control system, by control system control data collecting instrument, import temperature signal into data processing and display device part.
Preferably, first thermo-responsive gauge head is the thin constantan sheet that two chip size materials rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT consistent, that also process is different and colouring are processed with second thermo-responsive gauge head.
Preferably, the thin constantan sheet that different rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT and colouring are processed, one of them is to be coated with dark paint roughened surface treatment through surface, another sheet is to be coated with the processing of light color paint smooth finish surface through surface.
Preferably, described control system is the computing machine with control program,
Preferably, thermo-responsive gauge head of described radiation heatflowmeter do not add quartz glass cover outward,
Preferably, described heat sink body is connected by copper conductor with thermo-responsive gauge head.
The present invention's useful technique effect obtained with respect to prior art is:
1, many gauge heads of the present invention Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter, two thermo-responsive forms many group copper-constantan thermocouples with heat sink body, can record temperature between each sensitive area moment, obtains radiant heat flux density;
2, eliminated the fractional error of system, measurement result more approaches actual value;
3, many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter of the present invention, both can measure in a vacuum, also can be in atmosphere or complex condition measure; And traditional single gauge head model for reducing advection heat fluctuation, need to, at the additional quartz glass cover of responsive gauge head, because cloche can absorb partial radiation energy, so just increase the error of experiment under atmospheric environment.Double testing head design, because environmental facies are same, can, by subtracting each other cancellation environment convection heat transfer to the impact of measuring, therefore can not add quartz glass cover in the time calculating under atmospheric environment, eliminates like this quartz glass itself to the thermal-radiating absorption of certain wave band.
4, many gauge heads of the present invention Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter, heavy body is connected by copper conductor with thermo-responsive gauge head, makes heat sink body and sensitive area distant, and temperature is difficult for fast rise, steady operation that can be long-term.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the sensing device structural drawing of many gauge heads of the present invention Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter;
In figure: 1 is dark coarse thin constantan sheet gauge head; 2 is bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 gauge heads of light color; 3 is the heat sink body of copper; A, b, c are connection copper conductor.
Many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter of the present invention, comprises that two chip size materials are consistent, quality is m, and area is the thin constantan sheet of A, and dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 surface is coated with dark paint roughened surface treatment, and temperature is T 1, the bright and clean thin constantan sheet of light color 2 surfaces are coated with the processing of light color paint smooth finish surface, and temperature is T 2, two thin constantan sheets are respectively as thermo-responsive gauge head of heat flow meter, and thin constantan sheet is provided with thermal insulation material behind, between two thin constantan sheets, there is no heat interchange.Radiant heat flux that they receive from thermal source place is each other close is identical under the same conditions.With a 1and a 2represent respectively the absorptivity of dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color.
As shown in Figure 1, dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1, the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color and the heat sink body 3 of copper form 3 thermopairs, and copper is heat sink, and temperature is T 0, recorded the temperature T of dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 by the thermopair of imbedding heat sink body 1obtained the temperature T of the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color by ab two point voltages 2obtained the temperature difference T between dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color by bc two point voltages 1-T 2obtained by ac two point voltages, when the hot-fluid that thermo-responsive like this face is subject to changes, by the temperature variation that directly measures two thermo-responsive.
Sensitive area is idealized as to grey body, and spectral absorption is with to drop into radiation irrelevant, and thermo-responsive face is subject to after heat radiation that the radiant heat flux density of self-heat power is q, and the energy-balance equation of two thin constantan sheet gauge heads is respectively:
a 1 qA = mc d T 1 dt + q L 1 - - - ( 1 )
a 2 qA = mc d T 2 dt + q L 2 - - - ( 2 )
In above formula, a 1for the absorptivity of the coarse thin constantan sheet 1 of dark color, a 2for the absorptivity of the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color, q is radiant heat flux density, and A is thin constantan sheet area, and m is thin constantan tablet quality, and c is thin constantan sheet specific heat capacity, q l1for the heat exchange loss of the coarse thin constantan sheet 1 of dark color, q l2for the heat exchange loss of the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color.
Q l1and q l2comprise the heat exchange loss of three parts.Be respectively thermo-responsive gauge head and send radiation loss, thin constantan sheet and environment temperature are T cross-ventilation heat exchange loss, thin constantan sheet and temperature are T bthe conduction heat exchange loss of thermofin bottom surface, the back side, the thermal loss computing method of this three part are as follows:
1), in the very low situation of radiation background temperature, dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color send radiation loss q l11and q l12be respectively:
q L11=ε 1σAT 1 4
q L11 =ε 2σAT 2 4
In formula, σ is Si Difen--Boltzmann constant, σ=5.670 × 10 -8w/ (m 2k 4), ε 1, ε 2be respectively dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 and bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 emissivity of light color.It is two processes of opposite direction with outside radiations heat energy emitting electromagnetic wave that object absorbs energy, it is the radiation energy dropping on object that object absorbs heat, affect and changed exciting of electronics, making a part of radiation energy change heat energy into and be absorbed by object.Object emitting heat quantity is emitting electromagnetic wave radiant type due to the exciting of electronics, and makes heat energy change radiation energy into and launches.In the time that object is regarded as grey body, according to Kirchhoff's law, object radiation ability and receptivity can obtain from the research of the radiation heat transfer between two surfaces:
ϵ = E E 0 = a
Be that any emissivity that can be seen as grey body object numerically equates with absorptivity, this has illustrated that its receptivity of any object is stronger, and its radianting capacity is also stronger, is good at absorber and must be good at radiation.Also there is above-mentioned relation for the blackness under certain wavelength and absorptivity.
2) dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color are T with environment temperature the convection heat transfer q of air l21and q l22be respectively:
q L21=hA(T 1-T )
q L22=hA(T 2-T )
In above formula, h is convection transfer rate, demarcates in advance, and two probe location are more approaching, and top air is communicated with, and thinks T here consistent.
The roughly magnitude of convection transfer rate h is:
Natural convection air 5~25;
Gas forced convertion 20~100;
The natural convection 200~1000 of water;
The forced convertion 1000~15000 of water;
The forced convertion 50~1500 of oils;
The condensation 5000~15000 of water vapor;
The condensation 500~2000 of organic steam;
The boiling 2500~25000 of water.
3) dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color are T by back side thermofin to temperature bthe conduction heat exchange q of bottom surface l31and q l32be respectively:
q L31=λA(T 1-T b)
q L32=λA(T 2-T b)
In above formula, λ is thermofin coefficient of heat conductivity, and because back material character condition is identical, obviously Tb is consistent here.Therefore the total thermal loss that obtains dark and light constantan sheet is:
q L1=ε 1σAT 1 4+hA(T 1-T )+λA(T 1-T b) (3)
q L2=ε 2σAT 2 4+hA(T 2-T )+λA(T 2-T b) (4)
(3), (4) formula are subtracted each other to the transient radiation heat flow density measurement formula obtaining in atmosphere and are in substitution (1), (2) respectively:
( a 1 - a 2 ) q = mc A d ( T 1 - T 2 ) dt + σ ( a 1 T 1 4 - a 2 T 2 4 ) + h ( T 1 - T 2 ) + λ ( T 1 - T 2 ) - - - ( 5 )
If there is no convection heat transfer loss in vacuum condition, λ is that thermofin coefficient of heat conductivity is less, and when two sensitive area temperature difference are not large especially situations, back material heat transfer causes that the temperature difference is very little, and the transient radiation heat flow density formula in space can further be reduced to:
( a 1 - a 2 ) q = mc A d ( T 1 - T 2 ) dt + σ ( ϵ 1 T 1 4 - ϵ 2 T 2 4 ) - - - ( 6 )
The thermal signal that the dark coarse thin constantan sheet 1 of double testing head and the bright and clean thin constantan sheet 2 of light color receive passes in data collecting instrument, simulating signal is through amplifying, the processing such as A/D conversion convert digital signal to and send into computing machine, by computer software programming control data collecting instrument, temperature signal is imported into and carry out corresponding data processing and display device part.

Claims (7)

1. a radiation heatflowmeter for the gauge head of sensitive area more than, is characterized in that, comprises first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head, heat sink body, heat sink body temperature thermocouple, data collecting instrument, control system, with data processing and display device part;
After first thermo-responsive described gauge head, be provided with the first thermal insulation material, after second thermo-responsive described gauge head, be provided with the second thermal insulation material, the thermal absorptivity of first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head is different, mutually adiabatic between first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head, close from the received radiant heat flux of thermal source is identical under the same conditions;
Described heat sink body is connected with heat sink body temperature thermocouple, described first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head is connected with heat sink body respectively, first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head, heat sink body heat galvanic couple is connected with data collecting instrument respectively, and by first thermo-responsive gauge head, second thermo-responsive gauge head, the thermal signal that heat sink body heat galvanic couple receives is sent in data collecting instrument, the simulating signal that data collecting instrument produces is through amplifying, A/D conversion process converts digital signal to and sends into control system, by control system control data collecting instrument, import temperature signal into data processing and display device part.
2. the radiation heatflowmeter of a kind of many sensitive areas gauge head as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, first thermo-responsive gauge head is the thin constantan sheet that two chip size materials rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT consistent, that also process is different and colouring are processed with second thermo-responsive gauge head.
3. the radiation heatflowmeter of a kind of many sensitive areas gauge head as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the thin constantan sheet that the rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT that described process is different and colouring are processed, one of them is to be coated with dark paint roughened surface treatment through surface, and another sheet is to be coated with the processing of light color paint smooth finish surface through surface.
4. the radiation heatflowmeter of a kind of many sensitive areas gauge head as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described control system is the computing machine with control program.
5. the radiation heatflowmeter of a kind of many sensitive areas gauge head as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, thermo-responsive gauge head of described radiation heatflowmeter do not add quartz glass cover outward.
6. the radiation heatflowmeter of a kind of many sensitive areas gauge head as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described heat sink body is connected by copper conductor with thermo-responsive gauge head.
7. utilize the radiation heatflowmeter of the many sensitive areas gauge head described in claim 1-6 any one to carry out an assay method for heat radiation heat flow density, it is characterized in that, obtain respectively the temperature T of first thermo-responsive gauge head 1, the temperature T of second thermo-responsive gauge head 2, the temperature T of heat sink body 0, the temperature difference T between first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head 1-T 2, when the hot-fluid that thermo-responsive face is subject to changes, by the temperature variation that directly measures two thermo-responsive;
Sensitive area is idealized as to grey body, and thermo-responsive face is subject to after heat radiation that the radiant heat flux density of self-heat power is q, and the energy-balance equation of two thermo-responsive gauge heads is respectively:
a 1 qA = mc d T 1 dt + q L 1 - - - ( 1 )
a 2 qA = mc d T 2 dt + q L 2 - - - ( 2 )
In above formula, a 1be the absorptivity of first thermo-responsive gauge head, a 2be the absorptivity of second thermo-responsive gauge head, q is radiant heat flux density, and A is thermo-responsive gauge head area, and m is thermo-responsive gauge head quality, and c is thermo-responsive gauge head specific heat capacity, q l1be the heat exchange loss of first thermo-responsive gauge head, q l2it is the heat exchange loss of second thermo-responsive gauge head;
Q l1and q l2comprise the heat exchange loss of three parts; Be respectively thermo-responsive gauge head and send radiation loss, thermo-responsive and gauge head and environment temperature are T cross-ventilation heat exchange loss, thermo-responsive gauge head and temperature are T bthe conduction heat exchange loss of thermofin bottom surface, the back side, the thermal loss computing method of this three part are as follows:
1), in the very low situation of radiation background temperature, first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head send radiation loss q l11and q l11be respectively:
q L11=ε 1σAT 1 4
q L12=ε 2σAT 2 4
2) in formula, σ is Si Difen mono-Boltzmann constant, σ=5.670 × 10 -8w/ (m 2k 4), object is considered as grey body, ε 1, ε 2be respectively first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head emissivity; First thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head and environment temperature are T the convection heat transfer q of air l21and q l22be respectively:
q L21=hA(T 1-T )
q L22=hA(T 2-L )
In above formula, h is convection transfer rate, demarcates in advance, and two probe location are more approaching, and top air is communicated with, T consistent;
3) first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head are T by back side thermofin to temperature bthe conduction heat exchange q of bottom surface l31and q l32be respectively:
q L31=λA(T 1-T b)
q L32=λA(T 2-T b)
In above formula, λ is thermofin coefficient of heat conductivity, and because back material character condition is identical, Tb is consistent;
The total thermal loss that obtains first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head is respectively:
q L1=ε 1σAT 1 4+hA(T 1-T )+λA(T 1-T b) (3)
q L2=ε 2σAT 2 4+hA(T 2-T )+λA(T 2-T b) (4)
By (3), (4) formula, substitution (1), (2) are subtracted each other to such an extent that realize cancellation T respectively and T bthe transient radiation heat flow density measurement formula obtaining in atmosphere is:
( a 1 - a 2 ) q = mc A d ( T 1 - T 2 ) dt + σ ( a 1 T 1 4 - a 2 T 2 4 ) + h ( T 1 - T 2 ) + λ ( T 1 - T 2 ) - - - ( 5 )
In the time of vacuum condition, there is no convection heat transfer loss, λ is that thermofin coefficient of heat conductivity is less, and when two sensitivities and the temperature difference is not large especially situation, back material heat transfer causes that the temperature difference is very little, and the transient radiation heat flow density formula in space can further be reduced to:
( a 1 - a 2 ) q = mc A d ( T 1 - T 2 ) dt + σ ( ϵ 1 T 1 4 - ϵ 2 T 2 4 ) - - - ( 6 )
The thermal signal of first thermo-responsive gauge head and second thermo-responsive gauge head reception passes in data collecting instrument, simulating signal is through amplifying, A/D converts digital signal to and sends into computing machine, by computer software programming control data collecting instrument, temperature signal is imported into and carry out corresponding data processing and display device part.
CN201410234217.9A 2014-05-29 2014-05-29 Multi-measuring-head transient radiation heat flow meter and measuring method for thermal radiation heat flow density Expired - Fee Related CN103983365B (en)

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