CN103983365B - Multi-measuring-head transient radiation heat flow meter and measuring method for thermal radiation heat flow density - Google Patents
Multi-measuring-head transient radiation heat flow meter and measuring method for thermal radiation heat flow density Download PDFInfo
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- CN103983365B CN103983365B CN201410234217.9A CN201410234217A CN103983365B CN 103983365 B CN103983365 B CN 103983365B CN 201410234217 A CN201410234217 A CN 201410234217A CN 103983365 B CN103983365 B CN 103983365B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick-response heat flow meter for non-contact measurement of heat flow density. The heat flow meter comprises multi-sensitive-surface measuring heads, a heat sink body, a heat sink body temperature thermocouple, a data acquisition device and a data processing and displaying device. As the temperatures of two identical materials with different absorption rates are different under the action of radiation heat flows with the same intensity, the temperature difference relations between radiation heat flow density and two sensitive surfaces are established. Meanwhile, system errors are further avoided. Accordingly, the developed high-accuracy transient radiation heat flow meter has the advantages that the heat flow meter can meet space technology requirements and be used in a vacuum environment and can also be used in a ground convection environment; the heat flow meter is simpler in structure; the heat flow meter can work continuously and can be connected in series to form a thermopile so that temperature difference thermoelectric force can be increased, and errors in the measuring process are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind is used for measuring the various heat radiations such as steam boiler, soaking pit, heat supply pipeline, space heat radiation
Many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter of heat flow density and the assay method carrying out heat radiation heat flow density using this heat-flow meter.
Background technology
Radiation heatflowmeter is in a lot of field such as solar energy, space technology, meteorology, industry, metallurgy, the energy, power, air-conditioning
There is important application, hot-fluid etection theory and technology are increasingly subject to people's attention.The total radiation heat-flow meter using at present
It is divided into heat-conduction-type stable state heat-flow meter and lump heat capacity type heat-flow meter, be in accordance with heat balance principle design.Right in order to improve
Change the testing precision of radiant flux, need the research of high precision transient radiation heatflowmeter.
Mainly several frequently seen Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter is all to be made up of single sensitive area.The first, by setting up sensitivity
Face temperature change to try to achieve radiant heat flux with radiant heat flux magnitude relation, but the change of sensitive area temperature is not by sensitive area originally
Body direct measurement obtains, and is also intended to carry out using other thermocouples, there is a heat conduction between such thermocouple and copper sheet
Process, produce because of time delay to compensate the temperature that thermocouple records when radiant heat flux is mutated and copper sheet true temperature
Dynamic error, data processing has generally been also performed to compensate, and can affect error and the response time measuring.Second, circle foil
Thermal transient flowmeter, contacts transmission heat by single constantan sensitive area body heat sink with copper, sets up hot-fluid and sensitive area thermograde
Relation, but contact area is larger, and the temperature rising of heat sink body influences whether measurement result, is unfavorable for working long hours.3rd
Kind, heat insulation-type thermal transient flowmeter, devise the structure following the tracks of sensitive area temperature change, make sensitive area keep phase equality of temperature with tracing surface
Degree, sets up radiant heat flux and the relation following the tracks of heating amount, and this method is beneficial to measure for a long time, but structure is complex,
The factor being disturbed impact is also more.
Content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention designs according to heat balance principle, in conjunction with circle foil heat-flow meter and heat insulation-type thermal transient
Flowmeter all advantages, the ingehious design model of Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter, by double testing head differential thermocouple direct measurement to temperature
Degree it is established that between radiant heat flux density and two sensitive areas temperature difference relation, also avoid systematic error simultaneously, develop one
Kind can meet under space technology vacuum environment using it is also possible to high precision transient radiant heat flux used in the convection environment of ground
Meter.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head, including the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, warm
Heavy body, heat sink body temperature thermocouple, data collecting instrument, control system, and data processing and display device part,
It is provided with the first adiabator after the first described thermo-responsive face gauge head, be provided with after the second described thermo-responsive face gauge head
Second adiabator, the thermal absorptivity of the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head is different, and the first thermo-responsive face is surveyed
Mutually adiabatic between head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, the radiant heat flux received by each other from thermal source is close to be under the same conditions
Identical.
Described heat sink body is connected with heat sink body temperature thermocouple, described first thermo-responsive face gauge head, second thermo-responsive
Face gauge head is connected with heat sink body respectively, the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, heat sink body thermocouple respectively with number
Connect according to Acquisition Instrument, and by the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, the thermal signal that heat sink body thermocouple receives
It is sent in data collecting instrument, the analogue signal that data collecting instrument produces is amplified, A/D conversion process is converted into digital signal and send
Enter control system, by control system control data Acquisition Instrument, temperature signal incoming data is processed and display device part.
Preferably, the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head are two panels size material unanimously and through not
Same rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT and the thin constantan piece of colouring process.
Preferably, different rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT and the thin constantan piece of colouring process, one of them is through surface
Apply dark paint roughened surface treatment, another is to apply light color paint smooth finish surface through surface to process.
Preferably, described control system is the computer with control program,
Preferably, it is not added with quartz glass cover outside the thermo-responsive face gauge head of described radiation heatflowmeter,
Preferably, described heat sink body is connected by copper conductor with thermo-responsive face gauge head.
The present invention with respect to the Advantageous Effects acquired by prior art is：
1st, the present invention many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter, two thermo-responsive faces constitute multigroup copper constantan thermoelectricity with heat sink body
Even, temperature between each sensitive area can be recorded moment, obtain radiant heat flux density；
2nd, eliminate the fractional error of system, measurement result is closer to actual value；
3rd, many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter of the present invention, both can measure it is also possible in an atmosphere or multiple in a vacuum
Measure under the conditions of miscellaneous；And tradition list gauge head model is to reduce convection current heat fluctuation under atmospheric environment, needs outside sensitive gauge head
Plus quartz glass cover, because bell glass can absorb to partial radiation energy, which increases the error of experiment.Double testing head
Design is identical due to environment, can be by subtracting each other the impact eliminating environmental convection heat exchange to measurement, therefore in air when calculating
Quartz glass cover can be not added with environment, so eliminate quartz glass thermal-radiating absorption to certain wave band itself.
4th, the present invention many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter, heavy body be connected by copper conductor with thermo-responsive face gauge head so that heat
Heavy body is distant with sensitive area, and temperature is difficult rapid increase, the long-term steady operation of energy.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the sensing device structure chart of the present invention many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter；
In figure：1 is dark coarse thin constantan piece gauge head；2 is bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 gauge head of light color；3 is the heat sink body of copper；a、
B, c are connection copper conductor.
Many gauge heads Research On The Transient Radiant Heat Flow Meter of the present invention, including two panels size material is consistent, quality is m, area is A
Thin constantan piece, dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 surface applies dark paint roughened surface treatment, and temperature is T1, the bright and clean thin health of light color
Copper sheet 2 surface applies light color paint smooth finish surface and processes, and temperature is T2, two panels thin constantan piece is respectively as the thermo-responsive face of heat-flow meter
Gauge head, thin constantan piece behind is provided with adiabator, does not have heat exchange between two thin constantan pieces.They are connect each other at thermal source
The radiant heat flux receiving is close to be identical under the same conditions.With a1And a2Represent dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 and light light respectively
The absorbance of clean thin constantan piece 2.
As shown in figure 1, dark coarse thin constantan piece 1, the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color and the heat sink body of copper 3 form 3 thermoelectricity
Even, copper is heat sink, and temperature is T0, recorded by the thermocouple imbedding heat sink body, temperature T of dark coarse thin constantan piece 11By 2 points of ab
Voltage obtains, temperature T of the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color2Obtained by bc two point voltage, dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 and light light
Temperature difference T between clean thin constantan piece 21-T2Obtained by ac two point voltage, when the hot-fluid that so thermo-responsive face is subject to changes,
Temperature change by direct measurement to two thermo-responsive faces.
Sensitive area is idealized as grey body, spectral absorption is unrelated with putting into radiation, and thermo-responsive face is subject to self-heat power
After radiant heat flux density is the heat radiation of q, the energy-balance equation of two thin constantan piece gauge heads is respectively：
In above formula, a1For the absorbance of the coarse thin constantan piece 1 of dark color, a2For the absorbance of the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color, q is
Radiant heat flux density, A is thin constantan piece area, and m is thin constantan tablet quality, and c is thin constantan piece specific heat capacity, qL1Coarse thin for dark color
The heat exchange loss of constantan piece 1, qL2Heat exchange loss for the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color.
qL1And qL2Heat exchange loss including three parts.Be respectively thermo-responsive face gauge head send radiation loss, thin constantan piece with
Environment temperature is T∞Cross-ventilation heat exchange loss, thin constantan piece and temperature are TbBack side thermal insulation layer bottom surface conduction heat exchange damage
Lose, the heat loss computational methods of this three part are as follows：
1) in the case of radiation background temperature is very low, dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color send spoke
Penetrate loss qL11And qL12It is respectively：
qL11=ε1σAT1 4
q L11 =ε2σAT2 4
In formula, σ is Stefan -- Boltzmann constant, σ=5.670 × 10-8W/(m2·K4), ε1、ε2It is respectively dark thick
Rough thin constantan piece 1 and bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 emissivity of light color.Object energy absorption launches electromagnetic wave with outside radiations heat energy
It is in opposite direction two process, it is the radiation energy falling on object that object absorbs heat, affects and change exciting of electronics,
So that the radiation energy of a part is changed into heat energy and is absorbed by object.Object emission heat be transmitting electromagenetic wave radiation formula due to
Exciting of electronics, makes thermal energy be that radiation energy is launched.When object is regarded as grey body, according to Kirchhoff's law,
Object radiation ability and absorbability can obtain in the research of radiation heat transfer between two surfaces：
I.e. any emissivity that can be seen as grey body object is numerically equal with absorbance, and this illustrates any thing
Its absorbability of body is stronger, and its radianting capacity is also stronger, that is, be good at absorber and must be good at radiating.For the blackness under certain wavelength
There is also above-mentioned relation with absorbance.
2) dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color are T with environment temperature∞Air heat convection
qL21And qL22It is respectively：
qL21=hA (T1-T∞)
qL22=hA (T2-T∞)
In above formula, h is convection transfer rate, is demarcated in advance, and relatively, upper air is even to two probe location
Logical, here it is considered that T∞It is consistent.
The substantially magnitude of convection transfer rate h is：
Natural convection air 5～25；
Gas forced convection 20～100；
The free convection 200～1000 of water；
The forced convertion 1000～15000 of water；
The forced convertion 50～1500 of oils；
The condensation 5000～15000 of vapor；
The condensation 500～2000 of organic steam；
The boiling 2500～25000 of water.
3) dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 and the bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 of light color are T by back side thermal insulation layer to temperaturebBottom surface
Conduction heat exchange qL31And qL32It is respectively：
qL31=λ A (T1-Tb)
qL32=λ A (T2-Tb)
In above formula, λ is thermal insulation layer heat conductivity, and because backing material property condition is identical, obviously Tb is consistent here.Cause
This obtains dark and light color constantan piece Total heat loss：
qL1=ε1σAT1 4+hA(T1-T∞)+λA(T1-Tb) (3)
qL2=ε2σAT2 4+hA(T2-T∞)+λA(T2-Tb) (4)
By (3), (4) formula substitutes into (1) respectively, (2) are subtracted each other the transient radiation Heat flux calculation formula obtaining in an atmosphere and are：
If not having heat convection to lose in vacuum condition, λ is that thermal insulation layer heat conductivity is less, when two sensitive area temperature
Difference is not especially big situation, and backing material heat transfer causes temperature difference very little, and the transient radiation heat flow density formula in space can letter further
Turn to：
The thermal signal of the dark coarse thin constantan piece 1 of double testing head and bright and clean thin constantan piece 2 reception of light color passes to data collecting instrument
In, analogue signal is amplified, and A/D conversion etc. processes and is converted into digital signal feeding computer, by computer software programming control
Data collecting instrument processed, will be incoming for temperature signal and carry out corresponding data processing and display device part.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head is it is characterised in that include the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, second thermo-responsive
Face gauge head, heat sink body, heat sink body temperature thermocouple, data collecting instrument, control system, with data processing and display device part；
It is provided with the first adiabator after the first described thermo-responsive face gauge head, after the second described thermo-responsive face gauge head, be provided with second
Adiabator, the thermal absorptivity of the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head is different, the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and
Mutually adiabatic between second thermo-responsive face gauge head, the radiant heat flux density received by from thermal source is identical under the same conditions
's；
Described heat sink body is connected with heat sink body temperature thermocouple, and described first thermo-responsive face gauge head, the second thermo-responsive face are surveyed
Head be connected with heat sink body respectively, the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, heat sink body temperature thermocouple respectively with number
Connect according to Acquisition Instrument, and by the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, the heat that heat sink body temperature thermocouple receives
Signal is sent in data collecting instrument, and the signal that data collecting instrument produces is amplified, A/D conversion process is converted into digital signal and send
Enter control system, by control system control data Acquisition Instrument, temperature signal incoming data is processed and display device part.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head it is characterised in that the first thermo-responsive face is surveyed
Head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head be two panels size material consistent and through different rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT and colouring process
Thin constantan piece.
3. as claimed in claim 2 a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head it is characterised in that described through different
Rough surface PROCESS FOR TREATMENT and the thin constantan piece that processes of colouring, one of them is to apply at dark paint rough surface through surface
Reason, another is to apply light color paint smooth finish surface through surface to process.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head it is characterised in that described control system
It is the computer with control program.
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head it is characterised in that described radiant heat flux
It is not added with quartz glass cover outside the thermo-responsive face gauge head of meter.
6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of many sensitive areas gauge head it is characterised in that described heat sink body with
Thermo-responsive face gauge head is connected by copper conductor.
7. to carry out heat radiation hot-fluid close for a kind of radiation heatflowmeter of the many sensitive areas gauge head described in any one using claim 1-6
The assay method of degree is it is characterised in that respectively obtain temperature T of the first thermo-responsive face gauge head1, the temperature of the second thermo-responsive face gauge head
Degree T2, temperature T of heat sink body0, temperature difference T between the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head1-T2, thermo-responsive
When the hot-fluid that face is subject to changes, by the temperature change of direct measurement to two thermo-responsive faces；
Sensitive area is idealized as grey body, after thermo-responsive face is subject to the radiant heat flux density of self-heat power to be the heat radiation of q, two
The energy-balance equation of thermo-responsive face gauge head is respectively：
In above formula, a1For the absorbance of the first thermo-responsive face gauge head, a2For the absorbance of the second thermo-responsive face gauge head, q is radiant heat
Current density, A is thermo-responsive face gauge head area, and m is thermo-responsive face gauge head quality, and c is thermo-responsive face gauge head specific heat capacity,
qL1And qL2Heat exchange loss including three parts；Be respectively thermo-responsive face gauge head send radiation loss, thermo-responsive face gauge head with
Environment temperature is T∞Cross-ventilation heat exchange loss, thermo-responsive face gauge head and temperature are TbThe conduction of back side thermal insulation layer bottom surface change
Heat loss, the heat loss computational methods of this three part are as follows：
1) in the case of radiation background temperature is very low, the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head send radiation loss
qL11And qL12It is respectively：
qL11=ε1σAT1 4
qL12=ε2σAT2 4
In formula, σ is Stefan Boltzmann constant, σ=5.670 × 10-8W/(m2·K4), object is considered as grey body, ε1、ε2Respectively
For the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head emissivity；
2) the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head are T with environment temperature∞Air heat convection qL21With
qL22It is respectively：
qL21=hA (T1-T∞)
qL22=hA (T2-T∞)
In above formula, h is convection transfer rate, is demarcated in advance, and relatively, upper air is connection to two probe location
, T∞It is consistent；
3) the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head are T by back side thermal insulation layer to temperaturebThe conduction of bottom surface change
Hot qL31And qL32It is respectively：
qL31=λ A (T1-Tb)
qL32=λ A (T2-Tb)
In above formula, λ is thermal insulation layer heat conductivity, because backing material property condition is identical, TbIt is consistent；
Obtain the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the Total heat loss of the second thermo-responsive face gauge head is respectively：
qL1=ε1σAT1 4+hA(T1-T∞)+λA(T1-Tb) (3)
qL2=ε2σAT2 4+hA(T2-T∞)+λA(T2-Tb) (4)
By (3), (4) formula substitutes into (1) respectively, (2) subtract each other cancellation T∞And TbObtain transient radiation Heat flux calculation in an atmosphere
Formula is：
In vacuum condition, heat convection is not had to lose, λ is that thermal insulation layer heat conductivity is less, when two sensitive area temperature difference are not
Especially big situation, backing material heat transfer causes temperature difference very little, and the transient radiation heat flow density formula in space can be further simplified as：
The thermal signal of the first thermo-responsive face gauge head and the second thermo-responsive face gauge head reception passes in data collecting instrument, analogue signal warp
Amplify, A/D is converted into digital signal and sends into computer, by computer software programming control data Acquisition Instrument, by temperature signal
Incoming and carry out corresponding data processing and display device part.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB2541933B (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2017-11-22 | Ceres Ip Co Ltd | Temperature measuring method |
| JP6500841B2 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-04-17 | 株式会社デンソー | Heat flow measuring device |
| CN106525288B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-10-09 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | A kind of pure radiant heat flux sensor |
| CN110836725B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-02-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-probe heat flow meter in high heat flow coupling environment and method for measuring heat flow density thereof |
| CN110807280B (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2023-05-30 | 复旦大学 | Heat collecting device suitable for conduction, convection and radiation simultaneously |
| CN117451217B (en) * | 2023-12-25 | 2024-03-12 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Aerospace heat flow sensor and heat flow correction method based on double temperature difference compensation |
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| CN103033291A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-10 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Circular-foil thermopile heat-flow sensor |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| CN101403638A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-04-08 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | Heat flow sensor with temperature compensation function |
| CN102175339A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-09-07 | 北京工业大学 | Internal transient film heat-flow sensor of fuel cell |
| CN202393503U (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2012-08-22 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Round foil heat flux sensor |
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