CN110836725B - Double-probe heat flow meter in high heat flow coupling environment and method for measuring heat flow density thereof - Google Patents
Double-probe heat flow meter in high heat flow coupling environment and method for measuring heat flow density thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110836725B CN110836725B CN201810935689.5A CN201810935689A CN110836725B CN 110836725 B CN110836725 B CN 110836725B CN 201810935689 A CN201810935689 A CN 201810935689A CN 110836725 B CN110836725 B CN 110836725B
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
A double-probe heat flow meter under a high heat flow coupling environment and a method for measuring heat flow density thereof relate to the technical field of heat flow measurement. The invention solves the problem that the existing heat flow meters can not measure the convection heat, the pure radiation heat flow and the total heat flow value simultaneously. The device comprises two probes adjacently arranged in a combustion chamber, wherein each probe comprises a first cold sleeve assembly, a second cold sleeve assembly, a red copper core body and two thermocouples, the first cold sleeve assembly comprises a shell, an inner sleeve, a first water inlet pipe, a first water outlet pipe, a partition plate and a plurality of baffle plates, the shell is of a barrel-shaped structure, a through hole is formed in the barrel bottom of the shell, the inner sleeve comprises first to fourth cylindrical sections which are sequentially coaxially and fixedly connected into a whole from top to bottom and distributed in a step shape, the inner sleeve is provided with a step through hole along the central axial position of the inner sleeve, the shell is buckled above the fourth cylindrical section, the first cylindrical section is arranged in the through hole in a penetrating mode, and the top surface of the first cylindrical section and the barrel bottom surface of the shell are located on the same horizontal plane.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment and a method for measuring heat flow density thereof, and relates to the technical field of heat flow measurement.
Background
With the push ratio of the aero-engine and the aerodynamic heat of the aircraft being higher and higher, the temperature of the aero-engine and the aerodynamic heat of the aircraft can reach 1400-1600 ℃, the local maximum can reach 3000 ℃, and the surface heat flux density can reach 6MW/m2The highest local heat flow density can be predicted to be 8MW/m2And the measuring environment is severe.
The full space of radiation heat flow in the combustion chambers of the gas turbine and the internal combustion engine can reflect thermal environment parameters such as a fuel combustion heat release process, fuel combustion characteristics, wall heat flow distribution and wall temperature distribution of the combustion chambers and the like. In the field of thermal protection, a protective material is subjected to the test of radiation heat flow and the scouring under strong convection, so that the measurement of pure radiation and pure convection heat flow provides reference for selecting a proper material and designing a reliable thermal protection system. Therefore, the pure convection heat flow, the pure radiation heat flow and the total heat flow value in the high-temperature coupling environment are very important for controlling the heating process, evaluating the performance of equipment materials at high temperature and optimizing the performance and the thermal protection of a combustor in a power system.
In the prior art, for example, the invention patent with the application number of 201410234217.9 discloses a multi-measuring-head transient radiation heat flow meter and a method for measuring thermal radiation heat flow density, which are used for directly measuring the temperature change of two constantan sheets with different surface emissivities after receiving heat flow. The heat flow meter is used for measuring the radiant heat flow density, the theoretical model is a lumped heat capacity method, only the temperature change of a measuring point along with time is considered, and the radial heat conduction is neglected to cause inaccurate measurement. Because the measuring head is a constantan sheet, the measuring head can only be suitable for transient measurement of low heat flux density and cannot work for a long time under high heat flux density.
The utility model discloses an application number 201320225593.2's utility model discloses a dicyclo thermal protection transient state bolometer, it is 100K according to the hot background temperature of aerospace, and the radiant heat is 10W/m2-1400W/m2Is designed as a transient measurement heat flow meter. The heat flow meter is also only suitable for transient measurement of low heat flow density and cannot work for a long time under high heat flow density.
The invention patent with application number 200910085715.0 discloses a high-temperature high-pressure radiation heat flow meter, wherein a sapphire glass window is added on the top surface of a measuring head, so that (1) full wavelength cannot be covered; (2) the whole hemisphere space cannot be covered; (3) only radiant heat flow is given, not both convection and total heat flow. In addition, the adoption of the 2000K high-temperature resistant alloy material can lead to the great increase of the manufacturing cost of the heat flow meter.
The utility model discloses a utility model patent application number 200920200707.1 discloses a novel two wing heat flow meter and the novel heat flow meter of an outer cold type that discloses of utility model patent application number 200920200708.6, adopt the inboard part heat absorption of water-cooling wall, form temperature gradient at the heat-conducting part in the water-cooling wall outside, and then deduce and calculate the heat current value, but this kind of method value can only measure total heat current.
None of these heat flow meters can measure pure convective heat flow, pure radiant heat flow, and total heat flow values simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the conventional heat flow meter cannot simultaneously measure convection heat, pure radiation heat flow and total heat flow, and further provides a double-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment and a method for measuring heat flow density of the double-probe heat flow meter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a double-probe heat flow meter under high heat flow coupling environment comprises two probes adjacently arranged in a combustion chamber, each probe comprises a first cold sleeve component, a second cold sleeve component, a red copper core body and two thermocouples,
the first cold sleeve component comprises an outer shell, an inner sleeve, a first water inlet pipe, a first water outlet pipe, a partition plate and a plurality of baffle plates, wherein the outer shell is of a barrel-shaped structure, a through hole is formed in the barrel bottom of the outer shell, the inner sleeve comprises first to fourth cylindrical sections which are sequentially and coaxially fixedly connected into a whole from top to bottom and distributed in a step shape, a step through hole is formed in the inner sleeve along the central axial position of the inner sleeve, the outer shell is buckled above the fourth cylindrical section, the outer shell is in threaded connection with the third cylindrical section, the first cylindrical section is arranged in the through hole in a penetrating mode, the top surface of the first cylindrical section and the barrel bottom surface of the outer shell are located on the same horizontal plane, the partition plate and the baffle plates are vertically welded on the outer wall of the second cylindrical section and are in gapless contact with the inner wall of the outer shell, gaps exist between the adjacent partition plate and the baffle plates and between the adjacent, the bottom end of the partition plate is in gapless contact with the top end of the third cylindrical section, a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in a staggered way, a first water inlet pipe and a first water outlet pipe are respectively vertically penetrated and welded on the inner sleeves at the two sides of the partition plate,
the second cold sleeve component comprises a cold sleeve, an end cover, a second water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe, the upper part of the cold sleeve is positioned in the inner sleeve and is in threaded connection with the inner sleeve, the end cover is in threaded connection with the lower part of the cold sleeve, the second water inlet pipe and the second water outlet pipe are respectively vertically penetrated and welded on the end cover, the top end of the second water inlet pipe is arranged close to the red copper core body, the top end of the second water outlet pipe and the top surface of the end cover are positioned on the same horizontal plane,
the red copper core body is arranged in the inner sleeve in a penetrating way, the top surface of the red copper core body and the bottom surface of the outer shell are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the lower part of the red copper core body is arranged at the upper part of the cold sleeve in a penetrating way and is connected with the cold sleeve through threads,
two blind holes are formed in the side wall of the middle of the red copper core body from top to bottom, the two thermocouples are arranged on the end cover in a penetrating mode, the measuring ends of the two thermocouples are correspondingly inserted into the two blind holes, and a heat absorbing layer is sprayed on the top face of the red copper core body in one probe.
A method for measuring the heat flow density of a double-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment comprises the steps of pre-calibrating the surface emissivity of a red copper core body by using a black body furnace, and then calibrating two probes to obtain a calibration curve between temperature difference and radiation heat flow. When measuring aiming at a certain environment, the circulating cooler is firstly opened to ensure that the initial temperatures of the top surfaces of the two red copper core bodies are consistent, after receiving heat flow, the top surface of the induction section of the red copper core body can absorb heat, and the measurement section is simplified into axial one-dimensional heat conduction because the periphery of the measurement section is insulated, so that the axial one-dimensional heat conduction is used for measuring the axial temperature difference delta T of the red copper core bodies in the two probes1And Δ T2The probe number with red copper core top surface spraying heat-sink shell is 1, and red copper core wherein is defined as No. 1 red copper core, and red copper core top surface uncoated probe number is 2, and red copper core wherein is defined as No. 2 red copper core, derives through the fourier law:
wherein:
λ1-thermal conductivity of red copper core No. 1; lambda [ alpha ]2-thermal conductivity of red copper core No. 2;
a' — area of top surface of red copper core induction section; a' -the cross-sectional area of the red copper core measuring section;
ΔT1-axial temperature difference of red copper core No. 1; delta T2-axial temperature difference of red copper core No. 2;
delta x is the axial distance between two temperature measuring points on each red copper core body;
q″total1-total heat flow obtained from the top surface of the induction section of the red copper core No. 1; q ″)total2-total heat flux density obtained on top of induction section of red copper core No. 2.
The energy balance equation of the red copper core top surface is obtained:
wherein:
α1the emissivity of the top surface of the induction section of the No. 1 red copper core body; alpha is alpha2The emissivity of the top surface of the induction section of the No. 2 red copper core body;
q″rad-pure radiant heat flux density;
q″conv-pure convection heat flux density;
therefore, the difference between the formula (3) and the formula (4) can be obtained to obtain the pure radiation heat flow density q ″)rad
The pure convection heat flow density q ″' can be obtained by substituting the formula (5) into the formula (3)conv
Pure radiation heat flow density q ″)radAnd convective heat flux density q ″)convThe sum isTotal heat flux density q ″)total
q″total＝q″rad+q″convFormula (7)
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
the induction section of the red copper core serves as a probe for receiving the radiant heat flow. Two probes are arranged adjacently in this application, think that the convection current heat flow that two gauge heads received is the same promptly, and red copper core body top surface spraying in a probe has the heat-sink shell for the radiation that two gauge heads absorbed is different, and the emissivity on surface is different, produces different temperature gradients. And (4) calibrating the emissivity of the top surface of the red copper core body by using a high-temperature black body furnace. Therefore, the pure convection heat flow, the pure radiation heat flow and the total heat flow value can be measured simultaneously under the high heat flow coupling environment.
The probe in this application can work for a long time steadily under the high heat flow condition, and its measuring error is little, and economic nature is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a probe;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic main sectional view of a red copper core;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a partition plate and a plurality of baffles.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: with reference to fig. 1 to 5, a dual-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment according to the present embodiment is characterized in that: it comprises two probes adjacently arranged in a combustion chamber, each probe comprises a first cold sleeve component 1-1, a second cold sleeve component 1-2, a red copper core body 1-3 and two thermocouples 1-4,
the first cold sleeve component 1-1 comprises an outer shell 1-11, an inner sleeve 1-12, a first water inlet pipe 1-13, a first water outlet pipe 1-14, partition plates 1-15 and a plurality of baffle plates 1-16, wherein the outer shell 1-11 is of a barrel-shaped structure, the barrel bottom of the outer shell 1-11 is provided with a through hole 1-111, the inner sleeve 1-12 comprises first to fourth cylindrical sections which are sequentially and coaxially fixedly connected into a whole from top to bottom and are distributed in a step shape, the inner sleeve 1-12 is provided with a step through hole 1-125 along the central axial position thereof, the outer shell 1-11 is buckled above the fourth cylindrical section 1-124, the outer shell 1-11 is in threaded connection with the third cylindrical section 1-123, the first cylindrical section 1-121 is arranged in the through hole 1-111 in a penetrating manner, the top surface of the first cylindrical section 1-121 and the barrel bottom surface of the outer shell 1-11 are positioned at the same level, the partition plates 1-15 and the plurality of baffle plates 1-16 are vertically welded on the outer walls of the second cylindrical sections 1-122 and are in gapless contact with the inner walls of the outer shells 1-11, gaps are arranged between the adjacent partition plates 1-15 and the baffle plates 1-16 and between the adjacent two baffle plates 1-16, the top ends of the partition plates 1-15 are in gapless contact with the bottom parts of the outer shells 1-11, the bottom ends of the partition plates 1-15 are in gapless contact with the top ends of the third cylindrical sections 1-123, the plurality of baffle plates 1-16 are arranged in a staggered way, the first water inlet pipes 1-13 and the first water outlet pipes 1-14 are respectively vertically penetrated and welded on the inner sleeves 1-12 at the two sides of the partition plates 1-15,
the second cold sleeve component 1-2 comprises a cold sleeve 1-21, an end cover 1-22, a second water inlet pipe 1-23 and a second water outlet pipe 1-24, the upper part of the cold sleeve 1-21 is positioned inside the inner sleeve 1-12 and is in threaded connection with the inner sleeve 1-12, the end cover 1-22 is in threaded connection with the lower part of the cold sleeve 1-21, the second water inlet pipe 1-23 and the second water outlet pipe 1-24 are respectively vertically penetrated and welded on the end cover 1-22, the top end of the second water inlet pipe 1-23 is arranged close to the red copper core body 1-3, the top end of the second water outlet pipe 1-24 and the top surface of the end cover 1-22 are positioned on the same horizontal plane,
the red copper core body 1-3 is arranged in the inner sleeve 1-12 in a penetrating way, the top surface of the red copper core body 1-3 and the barrel bottom surface of the outer shell 1-11 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the lower part of the red copper core body 1-3 is arranged at the upper part of the cold sleeve 1-21 in a penetrating way and is connected with the cold sleeve 1-21 in a threaded way,
two blind holes 1-31 are arranged on the side wall of the middle part of the red copper core body 1-3 from top to bottom, two thermocouples 1-4 are arranged on the end covers 1-22 in a penetrating way, the measuring ends of the two thermocouples 1-4 are correspondingly inserted into the two blind holes 1-31, and the top surface of the red copper core body 1-3 in one probe is sprayed with a heat absorbing layer.
The induction section 1-32 of the red copper core 1-3 serves as a probe for receiving the radiant heat flow. Two probes are arranged adjacently, namely the convection heat flows received by the two measuring heads are considered to be the same, the top surfaces of the red copper core bodies 1-3 in one probe are coated with heat absorbing layers, the heat absorbing layers are black coatings, and the top surfaces of the red copper core bodies 1-3 in the other probe are polished, so that the radiation absorbed by the two measuring heads is different, the emissivity of the surfaces is different, and different temperature gradients are generated. And calibrating the emissivity of the top surface of the red copper core body 1-3 by using a high-temperature black body furnace. The double-probe heat flow meter is a steady-state heat conduction type heat flow meter and can measure pure radiant heat flow, pure convection heat flow and total heat flow values simultaneously under the full-spectrum section and full-hemisphere space high heat flow coupling environment.
The bottom ends of the partition boards 1-15 and the top ends of the third cylindrical sections 1-123 are welded into a whole.
Spot welding is carried out between the baffle plates 1-16 and the inner sleeves 1-12, between the partition plates 1-15 and the inner sleeves 1-12, between the first water inlet pipes 1-13 and the inner sleeves 1-12 and between the first water outlet pipes 1-14 and the inner sleeves 1-12.
The structure of the first cold sleeve component 1-1 is derived from a baffle plate 1-16 structure of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the baffle plates 1-16 are arranged at intervals up and down, the flowing direction of cooling water can be changed, the turbulence of water is increased, the heat transfer efficiency is improved, the effects of cooling the shell 1-11 and the inner sleeve 1-12 are achieved, and the heat exchanger is suitable for the environment of radiation and convection coupling of high heat flow density.
The shell-side baffle plate 1-16 structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is introduced through elaborate water cooling design, and is applied to the design of the application, the partition plates 1-15 separate the inlet and the outlet of cooling water, so that the cooling water can only flow to the pipe orifices of the first water outlet pipes 1-14 from the pipe orifices of the first water inlet pipes 1-13, and the baffle plates 1-16 are used for changing the flow direction of the water, enhancing the heat exchange between the water and the shell 1-11 and the inner sleeve 1-12, and enabling the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to work in a high-temperature coupling environment.
The inner diameter of the upper part of the cold sleeve 1-21 is smaller than that of the lower part, so that a storage space is provided for cooling water which cannot be discharged through the second water outlet pipe 1-24 in time.
The distance between the second water inlet pipe 1-23 and the bottom end face of the red copper core body 1-3 is 5 mm.
The first water inlet pipes 1-13, the first water outlet pipes 1-14, the second water inlet pipes 1-23 and the second water outlet pipes 1-24 are respectively connected with a circulating cooler, so that constant-temperature cooling water can be supplied to rapidly cool the lower end surfaces of the red copper core bodies 1-3 and the inner sleeves 1-12, and the temperature is kept stable.
The materials of the first cold sleeve assembly 1-1 and the second cold sleeve assembly 1-2 are cheap stainless steel 304 which is easy to process and economical, and the surfaces of the first cold sleeve assembly and the second cold sleeve assembly are polished to reduce emissivity and further reduce radiation heat transfer to the red copper core body 1-3. The shells 1-11 are rounded to reduce stress concentration at the edges and to make them stressed uniformly.
The combustion chamber is a high-temperature high-pressure combustion chamber.
The partition plates 1-15 and the baffle plates 1-16 are uniformly distributed.
The measuring end of each thermocouple 1-4 is inserted on the red copper core body 1-3 to form a temperature measuring point.
The heat insulating material is filled between the red copper core body 1-3 and the inner sleeve 1-12. So that a heat-insulating environment is created around the red copper core 1-3. The top of the red copper core body 1-3 is not contacted with the inner sleeve 1-12, so as to avoid the influence of the heat conduction of the inner sleeve 1-12 and the red copper core body 1-3 on the measurement. The thermal insulation material adopts nano aerogel particles and a nano aerogel thermal insulation felt, and the mode is that a layer of nano aerogel thermal insulation felt is filled in the inner wall of the inner sleeve 1-12 in advance, and then the aerogel particles are put in. The nanometer aerogel heat-insulating felt can be filled into the gaps between the red copper core body 1-3 and the inner wall of the inner sleeve 1-12 in the process of connecting the cold sleeve 1-21 and the inner sleeve 1-12 through the threads, so that the aim of sealing aerogel particles can be fulfilled.
The red copper core body 1-3 is a three-section variable-section coaxial cylinder and comprises an induction section 1-32, a measurement section 1-33 and a cooling section 1-34 which are coaxially and fixedly connected from top to bottom, the red copper core body 1-3 is arranged in an inner sleeve 1-12 in a penetrating mode, the top end face of the induction section 1-32 and the bottom face of a shell 1-11 are located on the same horizontal plane, the lower portion of the cooling section 1-34 is arranged on the upper portion of a cold sleeve 1-21 in a penetrating mode and in threaded connection with the cold sleeve 1-21, two thermocouples 1-4 are arranged on an end cover 1-22 and the cooling section 1-34 in a penetrating mode from bottom to top in sequence, and the measurement ends of the two thermocouples 1-4 are inserted into the measurement section 1-33. The cooling section 1-34 of the red copper core body 1-3 is a heat sink structure, which is used for increasing the contact area with cooling water, so that the red copper core body 1-3 can be rapidly cooled, and can adapt to higher environmental temperature. Meanwhile, the cooling sections 1 to 34 have larger volume and large thermal inertia, so that thermal shock to the measuring sections 1 to 33 can be reduced.
The diameter phi 'of the measuring section 1-33 of the red copper core body 1-3 is smaller than the diameter phi' of the induction section 1-32. The diameter of the induction section 1-32 is larger than that of the measuring section 1-33, the diameter of the induction section 1-32 is preferably equal to 8mm, the diameter of the measuring section 1-33 is preferably equal to 5mm, the diameter of the induction section 1-32 is larger than that of the measuring section 1-33, and the range of the heat flow meter can be changed along with the change of the ratio phi'/phi ". The larger the ratio, the more heat will be received and the range of the heat flow meter will be larger. But cannot be increased infinitely due to the miniaturized design of the heat flow meter. And selecting an optimal value of phi '/phi' through numerical simulation, wherein the ratio and the response time are minimum, and the optimal value is used for receiving more heat, so that the temperature measuring range of the heat flow meter is wider.
The distance between the two blind holes 1-31 in the measuring sections 1-33 is 6 mm.
The measuring ends of the thermocouples 1 to 4 are fixed in the blind holes 1 to 31 through repair glue, and waterproof resin glue is filled between the thermocouples 1 to 4 and the cooling sections 1 to 34 and between the thermocouples 1 to 4 and the end covers 1 to 22. The repair adhesive is a high-temperature repair adhesive and mainly plays a role in fixing, and the waterproof resin adhesive is a high-temperature waterproof resin adhesive and mainly plays a role in sealing.
The plurality of baffle plates 1-16 comprise a plurality of upper baffle plates 1-161 and a plurality of lower baffle plates 1-162 which are arranged in a staggered manner, wherein the top ends of the upper baffle plates 1-161 are in gapless contact with the bottom of the barrel of the shell 1-11, a gap is formed between the bottom ends of the upper baffle plates 1-161 and the top ends of the third cylindrical sections 1-123, a gap is formed between the top ends of the lower baffle plates 1-162 and the bottom of the barrel of the shell 1-11, and the bottom ends of the lower baffle plates 1-162 are in gapless contact with the top ends of the third cylindrical sections 1-123.
The lower parts of the outer shells 1-11 and the inner sleeves 1-12 and the lower parts of the cold sleeves 1-21 and the end covers 1-22 are sealed by waterproof resin glue. The waterproof resin adhesive is a high-temperature-resistant waterproof resin adhesive and plays a role in further sealing.
The utility model provides a two probe heat flow meters is when measuring, utilizes the circulative cooling machine to make the initial temperature of red copper core top surface reach unanimously.
A method for measuring the heat flow density of a double-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment comprises the steps of pre-calibrating the surface emissivity of a red copper core body 1-3 by using a black body furnace, and then calibrating two probes to obtain a calibration curve between temperature difference and radiation heat flow. When measuring aiming at a certain environment, firstly, the circulating cooler is opened to ensure that the initial temperatures of the two measuring heads, namely the top surfaces of the red copper core bodies 1-3 are consistent, after receiving heat flow, the top surfaces of the induction sections 1-32 of the red copper core bodies 1-3 can absorb heat, and the measurement sections 1-33 are simplified into axial one-dimensional heat conduction due to the heat insulation around the measurement sections, and are used for measuring the axial temperature difference delta T of the red copper core bodies 1-3 in the two probes1And Δ T2The probe number of spraying the heat absorbing layer on the top surface of the red copper core body 1-3 is 1, wherein the red copper core body 1-3 is defined as the red copper core body No. 1, the probe number of the uncoated top surface of the red copper core body 1-3 is 2, wherein the red copper core body 1-3 is defined as the red copper core body No. 2, and the Fourier law is used for obtaining:
wherein:
λ1the thermal conductivity of the red copper core No. 1-3 (the thermal conductivity of pure copper searched by an AP1700 physical property website (the website is http:// www.ap1700.com /) at different temperatures is fitted to obtain a relation lambda (T) ═ 0.08741T +398.5), wherein T denotes temperature, and lambda (T) is simplified to lambda for simplifying the formula; lambda [ alpha ]2-thermal conductivity of red copper core No. 2 1-3;
a' — the area of the top surface of the red copper core induction section 1-32; a' -the cross-sectional area of the red copper core measuring section is 1-33;
ΔT1-axial temperature difference of red copper core No. 1; delta T2-axial temperature difference of red copper core No. 2;
delta x is the axial distance between two temperature measuring points on each red copper core body;
q″total1-total heat flow obtained from the top surface of the induction section of the red copper core No. 1; q ″)total2Total heat flux density from the top surface of induction section of No. 2 red copper core
The energy balance equation of the top surface of the red copper core 1-3 is obtained:
wherein:
α1the emissivity of the top surface of the induction section of the No. 1 red copper core body; alpha is alpha2The emissivity of the top surface of the induction section of the No. 2 red copper core body;
q″rad-pure radiant heat flux density;
q″conv-pure convection heat flux density;
therefore, the difference between equation 3 and equation 4 can be used to obtain the pure radiation heat flow density q ″)rad
Substituting the formula 5 into the formula 3 can obtain the pure convection heat flow density q ″)conv
Pure radiation heat flow density q ″)radAnd convective heat flux density q ″)convThe sum is the total heat flux density q ″)total
q″total＝q″rad+q″conv(formula 7)
The energy balance equation is the energy of absorbed radiation plus the energy of convective heat transfer, which is the heat conduction energy inside the red copper core.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring the heat flux density of a double-probe heat flux meter based on a high heat flux coupling environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the double-probe heat flow meter under the high heat flow coupling environment comprises two probes which are adjacently arranged in a combustion chamber, each probe comprises a first cold sleeve component (1-1), a second cold sleeve component (1-2), a red copper core body (1-3) and two thermocouples (1-4),
the first cold sleeve component (1-1) comprises a shell (1-11), an inner sleeve (1-12), a first water inlet pipe (1-13), a first water outlet pipe (1-14), partition plates (1-15) and a plurality of baffle plates (1-16), wherein the shell (1-11) is of a barrel-shaped structure, a through hole (1-111) is formed in the barrel bottom of the shell (1-11), the inner sleeve (1-12) comprises first to fourth cylindrical sections which are sequentially and coaxially fixedly connected into a whole from top to bottom and distributed in a step shape, a step through hole (1-125) is formed in the inner sleeve (1-12) along the central axial position of the inner sleeve, the shell (1-11) is buckled above the fourth cylindrical section (1-124), and the shell (1-11) is in threaded connection with the third cylindrical section (1-123), the first cylindrical section (1-121) is arranged in the through hole (1-111) in a penetrating way, the top surface of the first cylindrical section (1-121) and the barrel bottom surface of the shell (1-11) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the partition plates (1-15) and the baffle plates (1-16) are vertically welded on the outer walls of the second cylindrical section (1-122) and are in gapless contact with the inner wall of the shell (1-11), gaps are reserved between the adjacent partition plates (1-15) and the baffle plates (1-16) and between the adjacent two baffle plates (1-16), the top ends of the partition plates (1-15) are in gapless contact with the barrel bottom of the shell (1-11), the bottom ends of the partition plates (1-15) are in gapless contact with the top ends of the third cylindrical section (1-123), and the baffle plates (1-16) are arranged in a staggered way, the first water inlet pipes (1-13) and the first water outlet pipes (1-14) are respectively vertically penetrated and welded on the inner sleeves (1-12) at the two sides of the partition boards (1-15),
the second cold sleeve component (1-2) comprises cold sleeves (1-21), end covers (1-22), second water inlet pipes (1-23) and second water outlet pipes (1-24), the upper parts of the cold sleeves (1-21) are positioned inside the inner sleeves (1-12) and are in threaded connection with the inner sleeves (1-12), the end covers (1-22) are in threaded connection with the lower parts of the cold sleeves (1-21), the second water inlet pipes (1-23) and the second water outlet pipes (1-24) are vertically penetrated and welded on the end covers (1-22), the top ends of the second water inlet pipes (1-23) are arranged close to the red copper core bodies (1-3), the top ends of the second water outlet pipes (1-24) and the top surfaces of the end covers (1-22) are positioned on the same horizontal plane,
the red copper core body (1-3) is arranged in the inner sleeve (1-12) in a penetrating way, the top surface of the red copper core body (1-3) and the barrel bottom surface of the outer shell (1-11) are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the lower part of the red copper core body (1-3) is arranged at the upper part of the cold sleeve (1-21) in a penetrating way and is connected with the cold sleeve (1-21) in a threaded way,
the side wall of the middle part of the red copper core body (1-3) is provided with two blind holes (1-31) from top to bottom, two thermocouples (1-4) are all arranged on the end covers (1-22) in a penetrating way, the measuring ends of the two thermocouples (1-4) are correspondingly inserted into the two blind holes (1-31), and the top surface of the red copper core body (1-3) in one probe is sprayed with a heat absorbing layer, so that the radiation absorbed by the two measuring heads is different, the emissivity of the surface is different, and different temperature gradients are generated;
the method comprises the steps of pre-calibrating the surface emissivity of a red copper core body (1-3) by using a black body furnace, calibrating two probes to obtain a calibration curve between temperature difference and radiation heat flow, starting a circulating cooler to enable the initial temperatures of the two probes to be consistent when measuring the red copper core body in a certain environment, enabling the two probes to be top surfaces of the red copper core body (1-3), absorbing heat on the top surfaces of induction sections (1-32) of the red copper core body after receiving the heat flow, simplifying the measurement sections (1-33) into axial one-dimensional heat conduction due to the fact that the peripheries of the measurement sections are insulated, and measuring the axial temperature difference delta T of the red copper core body (1-3) in the two probes1And Δ T2The probe for spraying the heat absorbing layer on the top surface of the red copper core body (1-3) is numbered as 1, wherein the red copper core body (1-3) is defined as a No. 1 red copper core body, the probe for spraying the heat absorbing layer on the top surface of the red copper core body (1-3) is numbered as 2, the red copper core body (1-3) is defined as a No. 2 red copper core body, and the following results are obtained through the Fourier law:
wherein:
λ1-thermal conductivity of red copper core No. 1 (1-3); lambda [ alpha ]2-thermal conductivity of red copper core No. 2 (1-3);
a' — the area of the top surface of the red copper core induction section (1-32); a' -the cross-sectional area of the red copper core measuring section (1-33);
ΔT1-axial temperature difference of red copper core No. 1; delta T2-axial temperature difference of red copper core No. 2;
delta x is the axial distance between two temperature measuring points on each red copper core body;
q″total1-total heat flow obtained from the top surface of the induction section of the red copper core No. 1; q ″)total2Total heat flux density from the top surface of induction section of No. 2 red copper core
The energy balance equation of the top surface of the red copper core body (1-3) is obtained:
wherein:
α1the emissivity of the top surface of the induction section of the No. 1 red copper core body; alpha is alpha2The emissivity of the top surface of the induction section of the No. 2 red copper core body;
q″rad-pure radiant heat flux density;
q″conv-pure convection heat flux density;
therefore, the difference between the formula (3) and the formula (4) is obtained to obtain the pure radiation heat flow density q ″)rad
Substituting the formula (5) into the formula (3) to obtain the pure convection heat flow density q ″)conv
Pure radiation heat flow density q ″)radAnd convective heat flux density q ″)convThe sum is the total heat flux density q ″)total
q″total＝q″rad+q″convEquation (7).
2. The method for measuring the heat flow density of the double-probe heat flow meter in the high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and heat insulation materials are filled between the red copper core body (1-3) and the inner sleeve (1-12).
3. The method for determining the heat flow density of the dual-probe heat flow meter in the high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the red copper core body (1-3) is a three-section variable cross-section coaxial cylinder and comprises an induction section (1-32), a measurement section (1-33) and a cooling section (1-34) which are coaxially and fixedly connected from top to bottom, the red copper core body (1-3) is arranged inside the inner sleeve (1-12) in a penetrating way, the top end surfaces of the induction sections (1-32) and the bottom surfaces of the shells (1-11) are located on the same horizontal plane, the lower parts of the cooling sections (1-34) are arranged on the upper parts of the cooling sleeves (1-21) in a penetrating mode and are in threaded connection with the cooling sleeves (1-21), the two thermocouples (1-4) are sequentially arranged on the end covers (1-22) and the cooling sections (1-34) in a penetrating mode from bottom to top, and the measuring ends of the two thermocouples (1-4) are inserted into the measuring sections (1-33).
4. The method for determining the heat flow density of the dual-probe heat flow meter in the high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter phi 'of the measuring section (1-33) of the red copper core body (1-3) is smaller than the diameter phi' of the induction section (1-32).
5. The method for determining the heat flow density of the dual-probe heat flow meter in the high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between the two blind holes (1-31) on the measuring section (1-33) is 6 mm.
6. The method for determining the heat flow density of the dual-probe heat flow meter in the high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the measuring ends of the thermocouples (1-4) are fixed in the blind holes (1-31) through repair glue, and waterproof resin glue is filled between the thermocouples (1-4) and the cooling sections (1-34) and between the thermocouples (1-4) and the end covers (1-22).
7. The method for determining the heat flow density of a dual-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the plurality of baffle plates (1-16) comprise a plurality of upper baffle plates (1-161) and a plurality of lower baffle plates (1-162) which are arranged in a staggered manner, wherein the top ends of the upper baffle plates (1-161) are in gapless contact with the bottom of the shell (1-11), a gap is formed between the bottom ends of the upper baffle plates (1-161) and the top ends of the third cylindrical sections (1-123), a gap is formed between the top ends of the lower baffle plates (1-162) and the bottom of the shell (1-11), and the bottom ends of the lower baffle plates (1-162) are in gapless contact with the top ends of the third cylindrical sections (1-123).
8. The method for determining the heat flow density of a dual-probe heat flow meter in a high heat flow coupling environment according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lower parts of the outer shells (1-11) and the inner sleeves (1-12) and the lower parts of the cold sleeves (1-21) and the end covers (1-22) are sealed by waterproof resin adhesives.
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| CN101571429B (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2011-12-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | High temperature-pressure radiation heat flow meter |
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