CN101595161B - 聚合物和由其形成的纤维 - Google Patents

聚合物和由其形成的纤维 Download PDF

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CN101595161B
CN101595161B CN2007800372182A CN200780037218A CN101595161B CN 101595161 B CN101595161 B CN 101595161B CN 2007800372182 A CN2007800372182 A CN 2007800372182A CN 200780037218 A CN200780037218 A CN 200780037218A CN 101595161 B CN101595161 B CN 101595161B
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K·-S·李
J·D·哈茨勒
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Abstract

含有选自式Ib、Ic、Id或Ia的基团的磺化聚噁二唑聚合物。

Description

聚合物和由其形成的纤维
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及磺化聚噁二唑聚合物的制备和诸如呈纤维形式的所得制品。
相关技术描述
Imai,Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol.14,pp 225-239(1970)公开了通过使用发烟硫酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和硫酸肼的无规共聚噁二唑的制备。
对于制备可染色聚噁二唑共聚物的替代方法和由其得到的制品存在需要。
发明概述
本发明涉及式Ia、Ib、Ic或Id的磺化聚噁二唑聚合物,包括共聚物,由其得到的制品,包括纤维。
Figure G2007800372182D00011
(式Ia)
Figure G2007800372182D00012
(式Ib)
Figure G2007800372182D00021
(式Ic)
Figure G2007800372182D00022
(式Id)
其中M是一价阳离子。
发明详述
如本发明概述中所述,本发明包括式Ia、Ib、Ic和Id的磺化聚噁二唑聚合物。
一价阳离子M的实例包括Li、Na、K和NH4
作为制造制品存在的聚合物优选作为纤维存在。为了本文中之目的,术语“纤维”可与“长丝”互换使用的,并且表示长度与跨越其垂直于其长度的横截面的宽度之比高的、相对柔韧的、宏观上均匀的物体。纤维横截面可以是任何形状的,但往往是近似圆形的。纺到包装筒子上的纤维称为连续纤维。纤维可以切成称为短纤维的短长度。纤维可以切成称为絮凝物的甚至更小长度。复丝纱可以组合而形成索。纱可以捻合和/或加捻。
由于共聚物在本发明的范围内,因而该聚合物链中可以包括其它部分。代表性实例包括:
Figure G2007800372182D00023
Figure G2007800372182D00031
本发明的优选共聚物是
Figure G2007800372182D00032
其中:0.5<p<40,5<m<95,5<n<80
其中p、m和n是整数。
聚噁二唑聚合物的生产方法是本领域众所周知的。聚噁二唑(POD)聚合物的生产方法实例可以参见Journal of Polymer Science:Part A,3,45-54(1965),Journal of Polymer Science:Part A-1,6,3357-3370,(1968),Advanced Materials,9(8),601-613,(1997)和美国专利申请11/415026。优选的是具有高比浓对数粘度的聚噁二唑聚合物,例如用美国专利申请11/415026中公开的方法生产的那些。美国专利申请11/415026的内容列为本文参考文献。
因此,以下描述是从这项专利申请提出的。
在最初第一步中,基于聚噁二唑共聚物形成中硫酸肼、对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的剩余组分计算,发烟硫酸即三氧化硫(SO3)在反应混合物中的存在量不足。在第一反应步聚中,来自发烟硫酸的三氧化硫(SO3)的存在量,以肼的摩尔数为基准,不大于3摩尔当量。一般地,以肼的摩尔数为基准,三氧化硫(SO3)的存在量在2摩尔当量~3摩尔当量范围内。相比之下,以肼的摩尔数为基准,完成该反应的三氧化硫数量一般在5~6摩尔当量三氧化硫(SO3)范围内。
使硫酸肼、对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的剩余组分混合形成反应溶液的温度可以变化,这反过来将决定最终共聚物的无规性程度。
典型地,相比于对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的总摩尔数,表示为肼的硫酸肼的存在量为95~100mol%。由于环境原因,且由于肼的反应性和环境毒性,过量肼是所不希望的。其它研究者已经使用过量肼来达到高比浓对数粘度,实例是Acta Polymer,43,343-347(1992)图1。
典型地,对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的存在量,以这两种酸的总摩尔数为基准,分别是65~90mol%和35~10mol%。
硫酸肼、对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸这三种组分典型地以固体形式组合,充分混合,然后第一次添加发烟硫酸,其添加量以肼的摩尔数为基准不大于3mol当量三氧化硫(SO3)。
优选的是控制发烟硫酸的温度,直至所有试剂都溶解。温度优选应当保持不大于50℃、更优选不大于35℃。添加和溶解的实例是在约25℃用约10~20min时间。据信,通过保持这个温度,在最终聚合物链中达到更无规的重复单元分布,从而得到改善的性能。这种更无规分布是与高温下各试剂的添加比较而言的。对苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的相对溶解速率差异允许间苯二甲酸迅速地溶解并与二胺反应,然后对苯二甲酸才溶解和变得能以显著数量进入反应。这种高温添加的结果是形成嵌段共聚物而不是无规无聚物。
在这四种组分溶解之后,溶液典型地在100~150℃范围内加热。优选,溶液在110~130℃范围内加热。溶液惯常地进行搅拌,直至该溶液的粘度达到平台。典型地,粘度最大值出现在加热约30~75min之后。向此溶液中添加含有以肼的摩尔数为基准约2当量SO3的额外发烟硫酸。需要使3当量SO3反应以完成该反应。由于反应物上方SO3的蒸气相平衡,典型地使用约5当量。典型地,溶液在100~150℃范围内,优选在110~140℃范围内搅拌和加热,直至达到第二个粘度平台。典型地,第二个粘度最大值在加热约80~150min后出现。然后,使该溶液冷却到室温,并例如通过添加过量水使聚合物沉淀。收集该共聚物并干燥。
尽管以上方法是分两步描述的,但应理解的是,采用一个或多个另外的步骤是在本发明范围内的。示例性地,与其一次添加发烟硫酸以在第二步中完成共聚物形成,不如采用发烟硫酸的若干次添加来完成共聚物形成。
本发明的纤维可以用如下方法纺丝:使聚噁二唑的聚合物溶液通过至少一台静态混合器以形成纺丝原液;并且使该纺丝原液经由喷丝板挤出而形成纤维。此外,本方法还可以进一步包括:使纤维通过一个气隙;使纺液纤维与骤冷溶液接触以形成凝固纤维;使该凝固纤维与洗涤溶液接触;使该洗涤的纤维与中和溶液接触以形成中和与洗涤的纤维;使该中和与洗涤的纤维干燥;和将干燥的纤维卷绕起来。该干燥的纤维可以卷绕到卷绕装置上的绕丝筒上。美国专利No.4,340,559、No.4,298,565和No.4,965,033中公开了适用于制造本发明范围内的纤维的挤出方法。
磺化聚噁二唑纤维显示出比非磺化聚噁二唑聚合物纤维改善的染色性。该纤维可以使用碱性染料或酸性染料进行溶液染色。使用碱性染料(或阳离子型染料)来检查该纤维的染色性。阳离子型染料例如贝西克尔红GL(按染料索引为碱性红29)由于其所产生的颜色的深度而往往用于这一目的。染料通常可溶于大多数有机溶剂和水性介质中,但染色性是用水性介质测试的。微酸性(pH 4~6)是用碱性染料达到匀染所需要的。染着度可以用比色计测量样品的反射度来测定。染色性的量度是从Kubelka-Munk方程得到的K/S值:
K/S=(1-R)2/2R
这里所采用的K表示吸收,S表示散射且R表示反射度。K/S的值越大,颜色吸收(即染色深度)就越大。理想的是得到至少6的K/S值,更优选至少10的值,最优选至少12的值。为了本发明之目的,可染色纤维是K/S值为至少6的纤维。
试验方法
染着度:
将染色的样品置于白纸上,使用比色计例如Macbeth Color-EyeModel M-2020PLTM在染色样品显示出最小光吸收的波长测定该染色样品的光反射R。
根据Kubelka-Munk方程从反射度R计算染色样品的K/S值:
K/S=(1-R)2/2R
K/S值越大,染色样品的色深度(暗度)就越高。
实施例
实施例1
向反应釜中加入442份30%(w/w)发烟硫酸、45.861份硫酸肼、46.585份对苯二甲酸、8.734份间苯二甲酸和4.909份5-磺基间苯二甲酸一锂盐。将反应釜置于硅油浴中并在室温下搅拌,直至所有固体试剂完全溶解。
将反应混合物徐徐加热到120℃并在此温度保持2小时,以提高分子量。将该反应混合物冷却到50℃,添加浓硫酸(93~97%),直至所有过量三氧化硫都转化成硫酸。
将一份所得到的溶液沉淀在冰水中,作为固体微粒分离出来,并在真空烘箱中于120℃干燥过夜。将聚合物样品添加到pH 4~5的贝西克尔红GL沸腾水溶液中进行染色性试验。该聚合物微粒被染成K/S值超过12的暗红色。
比较例
如实施例1制备聚噁二唑聚合物,所不同的是不添加4.909份5-磺基间苯二甲酸一锂盐,但用2.911份间苯二甲酸代替。所得到的聚合物使用相同染色程序根本不着色。

Claims (14)

1.含有包括以下各式的重复单元的磺化聚
Figure FSB00000631653500011
二唑聚合物:
Figure FSB00000631653500012
其中M是选自锂、钠、铵或钾的一价阳离子。
2.权利要求1的聚合物,该聚合物还含有下列的重复单元:
Figure FSB00000631653500013
Figure FSB00000631653500021
3.权利要求2的聚合物,该聚合物含有至少2个下列的重复单元:
Figure FSB00000631653500031
4.权利要求3的聚合物,该聚合物含有:
Figure FSB00000631653500041
其中:
0.5<p<40,5<m<95,5<n<80。
5.权利要求1的聚合物,其中:
阳离子是锂或钠。
6.权利要求5的聚合物,其中:
阳离子是锂。
7.权利要求1的聚合物,其中:
磺化聚二唑聚合物是共聚物。
8.权利要求7的聚合物,其中:
Figure FSB00000631653500043
二唑共聚物包含至少2个选自下列的芳环体系:
Figure FSB00000631653500044
9.由权利要求1的聚合物形成的纤维。
10.由权利要求1的聚合物形成的纤维,其中:
该纤维是可染色的。
11.权利要求10的纤维,其中:
K/S值是至少6。
12.权利要求10的纤维,其中:
K/S值是至少10。
13.权利要求11的纤维,其中:
K/S值是至少12。
14.由权利要求1的聚合物形成的纤维,其中:
该纤维是染色的。
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KR20090060456A (ko) 2009-06-12
US20080085992A1 (en) 2008-04-10
BRPI0715300A2 (pt) 2013-06-11
CA2662239C (en) 2014-12-30
KR101386825B1 (ko) 2014-04-17
EP2094763A1 (en) 2009-09-02
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US7528217B2 (en) 2009-05-05

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