CN101589284A - 多流体二维换热器 - Google Patents

多流体二维换热器 Download PDF

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CN101589284A
CN101589284A CNA2007800481264A CN200780048126A CN101589284A CN 101589284 A CN101589284 A CN 101589284A CN A2007800481264 A CNA2007800481264 A CN A2007800481264A CN 200780048126 A CN200780048126 A CN 200780048126A CN 101589284 A CN101589284 A CN 101589284A
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heat exchanger
manifold
pipe
outlet
pair
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CN101589284B (zh
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A·K·索
M·S·科兹德拉斯
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Dana Canada Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0461Combination of different types of heat exchanger, e.g. radiator combined with tube-and-shell heat exchanger; Arrangement of conduits for heat exchange between at least two media and for heat exchange between at least one medium and the large body of fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0325Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D1/0333Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0089Oil coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0091Radiators
    • F28D2021/0094Radiators for recooling the engine coolant

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种换热器,其具有至少三个间隔设置以用于空气在之间或周围流动的管状管道。该管道与进口和出口歧管连通,以用于第一液体流过该管道。中间管道位于至少两个但不是所有的间隔的管状管道之间,并且该中间管道具有进口孔和出口孔,以用于第二液体流过该中间管道。

Description

多流体二维换热器
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及换热器,尤其涉及用于在多于两种的流体之间传递热能的换热器。
背景技术
[0002]在一些应用中,例如在汽车制造中,一般具有多个换热器,用于冷却或加热在该应用中用到的各种不同的流体。例如,就汽车来说,一般具有用于冷却发动机冷却液的散热器,以及一个或多个用于冷却诸如发动机油、传动油或流体、动力转向流体、燃料等流体的其它换热器。通常,空气用于冷却发动机冷却液,发动机冷却液自身经常用于冷却其它流体,例如发动机油、传动油或动力转向流体。可以意识到,这通常涉及许多管件,并且在汽车应用中,非常不希望有太多需要组装在汽车中的零件,因为这会增加组装成本、产生更多可能损坏的零件以及占用一直都不够的有用空间。
[0003]在减小所需管件量和节省空间的尝试中,已经提出将两个换热器的功能或换热器组件组合成组合式换热器,其中流体中的一种,例如发动机冷却液,在两个子组件换热器之间共用。授予Beldam的美国专利No.4,327,802中示出了这样的一个例子,其中用在散热器中的同一发动机冷却液也用在与散热器一体成形的油冷却器子组件中。在该Beldam换热器中,空气用于冷却发动机冷却液,发动机冷却液又用于冷却油。
[0004]美国专利No.5,884,696(Loup)公开了另一个组合式换热器,其中交错的流体流道用于平行放置两个换热器以及减小总体尺寸,否则该总体尺寸是两个独立的换热器的总体尺寸。在该装置中,用于例如发动机冷却液和制冷剂的两种换热流体的相邻流道被空气通道分隔开,从而在两种换热流体和空气之间进行传热。
[0005]在美国专利No.5,462,113中公开了组合式换热器的另一个例子,其中热能在公共流体和两种其它流体之间传递。在该装置中,设置有具有交替间隔流道的两个制冷剂回路,诸如水的第三换热流体围绕所有制冷剂回路的流道,从而使水最大程度地暴露于制冷剂。
[0006]尽管所有上述现有技术的装置都达到了紧凑设计和简化管件的预期效果,但它们主要关注于一种公共流体和两种其它流体之间的传热。它们没有十分有效地在两种其它流体自身之间传递热能。
发明内容
[0007]在本发明中,设置有三个或更多的流体通道或管道,在不同的操作条件下热能可以从一个流体通道或管道传至其它流体通道或管道。
[0008]根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种换热器,其包括多个间隔的长形双管管道。每个管道都包括一对具有内部流道的管。所述管之一具有凸起的周边边缘部分,该周边边缘部分与另一个管连接以在两管之间限定中间流道。双管管道具有相对的端部部分。第一对歧管包括分别位于所述相对的端部部分处且与内部流道连通的第一进口歧管和第一出口歧管。同样,第二对歧管与中间流道连通。第二对歧管包括第二进口歧管和第二出口歧管。第一进口歧管套在第二进口和出口歧管中的一个的旁边,同时第一出口歧管套在第二进口和出口歧管中的另一个的旁边。
[0009]根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种流体与空气的换热器,该换热器包括至少三个管状管道,在所述管状管道中限定了用于第一液体流过换热器的内部流道。该管状管道具有相对的端部部分,并且间隔设置以用于空气在管道之间和管道周围流动。第一对歧管包括分别位于所述相对的端部部分处且与内部流道连通的进口歧管和出口歧管。中间管道位于至少两个但不是所有的间隔的管状管道之间。同样,中间管道包括进口孔和出口孔,以用于第二流体流过中间管道,从而在第一和第二流体之间进行传热。
附图说明
[0010]现在将参考附图通过举例的方式描述本发明的优选实施例,其中:
[0011]图1是根据本发明的换热器的优选实施例的右侧或右端透视图,左侧或左端是右侧的镜像;
[0012]图2是与图1相似的透视图,但是一部分被去掉以示出管状管道的内部;
[0013]图3是图2中所示的双管管道中的一个及其相关冷却翅片的透视图;
[0014]图4是图3中所示部件的分解透视图;
[0015]图5是沿图1中的线5-5的竖向剖视图;以及
[0016]图6是根据本发明的换热器的另一个优选实施例的示意性正视图。
具体实施方式
[0017]首先参考图1至5,根据本发明的换热器的优选实施例通常用附图标记10表示。换热器10包括多个长形的、管状的双管管道12,该双管管道12间隔设置以使得空气在管道之间和管道周围流动。每个双管管道都包括一对具有内部流道16的管道或管14。如图4和5中最佳显示的,管14具有凸起的周边边缘部分18,周边边缘部分18连接在一起以在每个双管管道12的两个管14之间限定中间管道或流道20。但是,仅仅管14中的一个需要具有凸起的周边边缘部分18,该周边边缘部分18与另一个管14连接以在两管之间限定中间流道20。中间管道或流道20位于至少两个但不是所有的间隔的管14之间。
[0018]双管管道12具有相对的端部部分22(图中只示出了一个端部部分)。相对的端部部分22包括第一歧管24和第二歧管26。第一歧管24与内部流道16连通,第二歧管26与中间流道20连通。位于双管管道12的相对的端部部分22处的第一歧管24形成包括第一进口歧管和第一出口歧管的第一对歧管,流体流过内部流道16的流动方向取决于第一进口歧管和第一出口歧管的方向。位于双管管道12的相对的端部部分22处的第二歧管26形成包括第二进口歧管和第二出口歧管的第二对歧管,流体流过中间流道20的流动方向又取决于第二进口歧管和第二出口歧管的方向。通常,第一进口歧管24邻近第二出口歧管26定位或套在第二出口歧管26旁边,使换热器10成为逆流式换热器。但是,换热器10也可以是顺流式换热器,在这种情况下第一进口歧管24邻近第二进口歧管26定位或套在第二进口歧管26的旁边。换句话说,根据流体流过管14的期望方向,第一进口歧管24可以套在第二进口或第二出口歧管26的旁边,以及第一出口歧管24可以套在第二进口或第二出口歧管26的旁边。
[0019]位于双管管道12的相对的端部部分22处的第一进口和出口歧管24形成第一对歧管,并且这些歧管由每个管14中的向外设置的凸台28(参见图4)形成。凸台28限定贯通的对齐的横向流动孔30,周边边缘部分32围绕流动孔30。相邻的管14中的周边边缘部分32连接在一起,形成第一歧管24。
[0020]类似的,第二对歧管26由每个管14中的向内设置的凸台34(参见图4)形成。凸台34限定贯通的对齐的横向流动孔36。周边边缘部分38围绕流动孔36,相邻的管中的周边边缘部分38连接在一起,形成第二歧管26。应当注意,凸台34位于凸起的周边边缘部分38的内侧。
[0021]如图4中最佳显示的,拉制金属网湍流增强器40位于内部流道16中。管14具有间隔的平行平面壁42、44,平面壁42、44与湍流增强器40接触并限定内部流道16的一部分。限定中间流道20的一部分的壁44具有配对的凹座46,凹座46伸入中间流道20以帮助在中间流道20内产生扰动或可能的湍流。冷却翅片48附接在每个双管管道12的管14之一上。翅片48在凸台28之间延伸并具有两倍于凸台28的高度,使得翅片48与管14的平面壁42接触。翅片48根据需要可以是任何传统的类型,平面的或百叶式的。
[0022]如图4和5中最佳显示的,管14由配对的板50、52形成,板50、52具有连接在一起的凸起的周边凸缘54。形成第一和第二歧管24、26的凸台28和34位于周边凸缘54的内侧。
[0023]应当注意,换热器10由两种板50、52形成。这些板通常由钎焊镀层铝合金制成。翅片48和湍流增强器40通常由普通铝合金制成。较厚的底部安装板56通常用于支撑或安装换热器。换热器的制造通常通过将所有预期类型和数量的板、湍流增强器和翅片装配在一起并在钎焊炉中将这些部件钎焊在一起来完成。
[0024]换热器10的优选应用是作为油与空气的换热器,其中油穿过管道或管14,空气在双管管道12之间和双管管道12周围横向穿过翅片48。例如发动机冷却液的另一种液体穿过中间管道或流道20。这样,在冷启动条件下,由于发动机冷却液升温比油快,所以油被中间管道20中的冷却液加热,从而比其它方式更早开始油的流动。同样,在正常操作条件下,由于该额外的传热,穿过中间管道20的冷却液增加或增大了换热器10中从油向冷却液的传热。
[0025]接下来参见图6,示出了根据本发明的换热器60的另一个优选实施例。换热器60由至少三个管状管道62形成,在管状管道62中限定了用于诸如液体的第一流体流经换热器60的内部流道64。管状管道62具有相对的端部部分66,并且所述管道62或至少内部流道64间隔设置,以允许诸如空气的第二流体在管道62之间和管道62周围流动。
[0026]第一对歧管68、70中的一个是进口歧管,另一个是出口歧管,所述第一对歧管68、70位于相对的端部部分66处并且与内部流道64连通。歧管68、70由位于管状管道62的相对的端部处的扩大的凸台72形成。在凸台72中具有用于流体沿歧管68、70的长度流动的横向孔(未示出)。
[0027]翅片74位于管状管道62之间,并且如果需要,可以在内部流道64中设置拉制金属网湍流增强器(未示出)。
[0028]中间管道76位于至少两个但不是所有的间隔的管状管道62之间。中间管道76优选包括一对与限定内部流道64的管道62的一部分连接的平行的平管78,管道62的所述部分也是平面管状部分80以在管78和管状部分80之间提供良好的面与面的接触。进口和出口配件82、84限定了进口孔和出口孔86、88,用于诸如另一种液体的第二流体流过中间管道76,从而在第一和第二流体之间进行传热。如果需要,可以在中间管道76的平管78之间设置另一个冷却翅片90。
[0029]换热器60的优选应用是作为油与空气的换热器,其中油穿过管道62,空气在管道62之间和管道62周围横向穿过翅片74。通常,有多于三个的管状管道62,但优选的是,只有一个中间管道76。诸如发动机冷却液的另一种液体通过中间管道76。这样,在冷启动条件下,由于发动机冷却液升温比油快,油被中间管道76中的冷却液加热,从而比其它方式更早开始油的流动。同样,在正常操作条件下,由于该额外的传热,穿过中间管道76的冷却液增大或增加了换热器60中从油向冷却液的传热。
[0030]已经描述了本发明的优选实施例,应当了解,可以对上述这些结构进行各种修改。例如,在图1至5所示的换热器中,可以省去湍流增强器40和凹座46,或者可以在中间流道20中使用湍流增强器以及在内部流道16中使用配对的凹座。
[0031]第一歧管24显示为沿着换热器10的纵轴线套在第二歧管26的内侧或内部,但是根据需要,第一和第二歧管24、26也可以横向偏置或互换它们的位置。取代使用成对的板50、52来形成管14,实际的管可以采用适当的变型来形成或连接歧管24、26。
[0032]如果需要,也可以采用其它结构来形成第一和第二歧管24、26。
[0033]在图6所示的实施例中,取代使用两个间隔的平管78来形成中间管道76,可以使用单管来形成中间管道76。换热器60中可以采用多于一个的中间管道76,但是优选不在每对管状管道62之间都采用中间管道76。其它结构也可以用于形成歧管68、70。管状管道62可以由对板或管制成,中间管道76同样可以这样制成。
[0034]根据前面所述,显然对本领域技术人员来说本发明的范围仅由所附的有目的地构建的权利要求限定。

Claims (20)

1.一种换热器,包括:
多个间隔的长形双管管道,每个所述管道都包括一对具有内部流道的管,所述管之一具有凸起的周边边缘部分,所述凸起的周边边缘部分与另一个管连接,以在所述管之间限定中间流道;
所述双管管道具有相对的端部部分;
第一对歧管,其包括分别位于所述相对的端部部分处且与所述内部流道连通的第一进口歧管和第一出口歧管;
第二对歧管,其与所述中间流道连通,所述第二对歧管包括第二进口歧管和第二出口歧管,所述第一进口歧管套在所述第二进口歧管和所述第二出口歧管中的一个的旁边,所述第一出口歧管套在所述第二进口歧管和所述第二出口歧管中的另一个的旁边。
2.如权利要求1所述的换热器,其中所述第一对歧管由各个管中的向外设置的凸台形成,所述凸台限定了贯通的对齐的横向流动孔以及围绕所述流动孔的周边边缘部分,相邻的管中的所述周边边缘部分连接在一起以形成所述第一歧管。
3.如权利要求1所述的换热器,其中所述第二对歧管由各个管中的向内设置的凸台形成,所述向内设置的凸台位于所述凸起的周边边缘部分内,所述凸台限定了贯通的对齐的横向流动孔以及围绕所述流动孔的周边边缘部分,相邻的管中的所述周边边缘部分连接在一起形成所述第二歧管。
4.如权利要求2所述的换热器,其中所述第一进口歧管和所述第一出口歧管位于所述第二进口歧管和所述第二出口歧管的内侧。
5.如权利要求3所述的换热器,其中所述第一进口歧管和所述第一出口歧管位于所述第二进口歧管和所述第二出口歧管的内侧。
6.如权利要求1所述的换热器,其中所述管由配对的板对形成,所述板对具有连接在一起的凸起的周边凸缘。
7.如权利要求2所述的换热器,其中所述管由配对的板对形成,所述板对具有连接在一起的凸起的周边凸缘,所述凸台位于所述周边凸缘的内侧。
8.如权利要求3所述的换热器,其中所述管由配对的板对形成,所述板对具有连接在一起的凸起的周边凸缘,所述凸台位于所述周边凸缘的内侧。
9.如权利要求1所述的换热器,其中两个所述管都具有凸起的周边边缘部分,所述凸起的周边边缘部分连接在一起以限定所述中间流道。
10.如权利要求2所述的换热器,其中所述双管管道具有附接在所述管之一上的冷却翅片,所述冷却翅片在所述凸台之间延伸,所述冷却翅片的高度是所述凸台的高度的两倍。
11.如权利要求1所述的换热器,其中所述管具有限定所述中间流道的平行的平面壁,所述平面壁具有伸入所述中间流道的配对的凹座。
12.如权利要求1所述的换热器,其中每个管都具有间隔的平行平面壁,所述平面壁限定了所述内部流道的一部分,并且所述换热器进一步包括位于各个所述管的内部流道内且与所述平面壁接触的湍流增强器。
13.一种液体与空气的换热器,包括:
至少三个管状管道,在所述管状管道中限定了用于第一液体流过所述换热器的内部流道;
所述管状管道具有相对的端部部分,并且所述管状管道间隔设置以用于空气在所述管道之间和所述管道周围流动;
第一对歧管,其包括分别位于所述相对的端部部分处且与所述内部流道连通的进口歧管和出口歧管;
中间管道,其位于至少两个但不是所有的间隔的所述管状管道之间;以及
所述中间管道包括进口孔和出口孔,用于第二液体流过所述中间管道,以在所述第一流体和所述第二流体之间进行换热。
14.如权利要求13所述的换热器,其中所述中间管道是具有相对的平行平面壁的管状元件,所述管状管道是叠置在所述平面壁上且附接至所述平面壁的平管。
15.如权利要求14所述的换热器,其中所述中间管道包括一对平行管,所述平行管的任一侧附接至相应的所述管状管道,并且所述换热器进一步包括限定用于所述第二液体流过所述中间管道的所述进口孔和所述出口孔的进口配件和出口配件。
16.如权利要求15所述的换热器,其中所述中间管道的平行管间隔设置以用于空气流过。
17.如权利要求16所述的换热器,进一步包括位于所述平行管之间且在所述进口配件和所述出口配件之间延伸的冷却翅片。
18.如权利要求13所述的换热器,其中所述管状管道多于三个,并且只有一个中间管道位于预选的一对所述管状管道之间。
19.如权利要求18所述的换热器,其中所述中间管道包括一对平行管,所述平行管的任一侧附接至相应的所述管状管道,并且所述换热器进一步包括限定用于所述第二液体流过所述中间管道的所述进口孔和所述出口孔的进口配件和出口配件。
20.如权利要求19所述的换热器,其中所述中间管道的平行管间隔设置以用于空气流过,并且所述换热器进一步包括位于所述平行管之间且在所述进口配件和所述出口配件之间延伸的冷却翅片。
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