CN101583868A - 检测器设备和预浓缩器 - Google Patents

检测器设备和预浓缩器 Download PDF

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CN101583868A
CN101583868A CNA2007800466461A CN200780046646A CN101583868A CN 101583868 A CN101583868 A CN 101583868A CN A2007800466461 A CNA2007800466461 A CN A2007800466461A CN 200780046646 A CN200780046646 A CN 200780046646A CN 101583868 A CN101583868 A CN 101583868A
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pin hole
capillary channel
detector device
preconcentrator
sorbing material
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S·J·泰勒
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Smiths Detection Watford Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/64—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
    • Y10T436/25375—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]
    • Y10T436/255—Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.] including use of a solid sorbent, semipermeable membrane, or liquid extraction

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Abstract

IMS检测器具有带有涂层(42，242)的针孔或毛细进口(4，104，204)，所述涂层(42，242)由诸如聚二甲基硅氧烷的材料制成，其中所述材料对感兴趣的分析材料具有吸附性。分析物被吸附到材料(42，242)中，直到加热器(43)被施加电压，由此加热所述材料并释放所吸附的分析物质以进行检测。

Description

检测器设备和预浓缩器
技术领域
本发明涉及具有为针孔或毛细通道形式的进口的检测器设备，分析物质被允许通过所述针孔或毛细通道进入到所述检测器的内部以及被提供到预浓缩器。
背景技术
离子迁移率谱仪或IMS(离子迁移率谱)设备经常被用于检测诸如炸药、毒品、糜烂性和神经性药剂等物质。IMS设备一般包括检测器单元，包含可疑物质或分析物的空气样本被以气体或蒸汽的形式连续地提供到所述检测器单元。所述单元在大气压或接近大气压的条件下运行并且包含电极，对电极加上电压可以沿所述单元产生电压梯度。空气样本中的分子都已被电离(例如通过放射源、UV源或电晕放电等方式来实现)，并由在一端的静电式门(gate)将其提供到所述单元中的漂移区域。电离的分子以和离子的迁移率相关的速度漂移到所述单元的另一端。通过对沿所述单元的飞行时间进行测量，能够对所述离子进行鉴别。当样本分析物在样本气体中只具有很小的浓度时，会存在相对较低的信噪比，这使得可靠地检测很难得以实现。在已知的技术中，可以在进口处使用预浓缩器，以得到一团(a bolus of)具有更高浓度的分析物的样本。所述预浓缩器包含吸附材料，其中被提供到预浓缩器的气体中的分析物质在吸附阶段被束缚到所述吸附材料。所述预浓缩器随后被加热，以将所吸附的分析物质释放，形成一团具有更高浓度的分析物质的气体。其它形式的检测器也使用预浓缩器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供可选择的检测器设备和预浓缩器。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种上述类型的检测器设备，其特征在于，针孔或毛细通道的表面的至少一部分是由吸附材料制成的，其中所述分析物质通过所述针孔或毛细通道流动，并且所述检测器被配置成使所述吸附材料根据需要对所吸附的物质进行释放。
所述吸附材料可以是所述针孔或毛细通道的表面上的涂层。所述吸附材料可以包括聚二甲基硅氧烷。所述设备优选地包括加热器，通过该加热器可以使所述吸附材料释放所吸附的物质。所述设备可以是IMS设备，所述针孔或毛细通道通往被配置成对被允许进入的分析物分子进行电离的反应区域，并且所述反应区域被配置成将被电离的分子提供到漂移区域以进行检测。所述设备可以包括多个进口，其中每一个进口都具有针孔或毛细通道，所述针孔或毛细通道的表面至少有一部分是由吸附材料制成的。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于检测器设备的预浓缩器，所述预浓缩器被配置成吸附分析物质并根据需要释放所吸附的物质，其特征在于，所述预浓缩器具有提供针孔或毛细通道的吸附表面，并且所述预浓缩器被配置成提供到所述检测器设备的进口。
所述吸附表面优选地由聚二甲基硅氧烷制成。
附图说明
下面将以示例的方式结合附图对包括预浓缩器进口的IMS检测器设备进行描述，其中：
图1示出了示意性的IMS设备；以及
图2示出了对图1的IMS设备的修改。
具体实施方式
首先参见图1，所述设备采用具有一般管状外壳1的离子迁移率谱仪(IMS)的形式，所述管状外壳1带有在其右手端的漂移或分析区域2以及在其相对的左手端的反应或电离区域3。
所述外壳1的左手端的进口4与反应区域3的内部连通，由此感兴趣的分子能够从外部进入到反应区域中。随后将对进口4进行详细的描述。
所述反应区域3包含若干用于对分析物质的分子进行电离的装置，诸如高电势的电晕放电点10。反应区域3和漂移区域2都处于大气压或只是稍低于大气压。反应区域3和漂移区域2通过可选的常规静电闸板(shutter)(例如B·尼尔森门11)而彼此分离，其中所述门11对流入漂移区域的离子流进行控制。漂移区域2具有一系列的电极对12，所述电极对12分布在相对的两侧，并沿所述区域的长度方向彼此分离。电压源13对每个电极对12施加电压，所施加的电压沿漂移区域2的长度方向向右侧逐渐增加，由此经过门11的离子将经历电压梯度，该电压梯度使这些离子沿漂移区域的长度方向移动。集电极(collector)平板14安装在所述漂移区域2的远端(右手端)，负责对通过所述漂移区域的离子进行收集。当离子与集电极平板14发生碰撞时，每个离子所产生的电荷都会向处理器单元15产生电信号。所述处理器单元15对所述信号进行分析，以得到所检测到的不同离子的迁移率的谱表示，并将这些结果提供给显示器或其它应用装置16。
气流系统20沿外壳1的内部产生与离子流方向相反的清洁干燥空气流。所述气流系统20包括在其进口和出口处分别具有分子筛过滤器22和23的泵21。进口过滤器22连接到进口管24，进口管24与外壳1在反应区域3的左手端(进口端)连通。出口过滤器23连接到出口管25，出口管25与外壳1在漂移区域2的右手端(下游端)连通。泵21运行，以从反应区域3中抽取气体，由此使气体在从漂移区域2的右手端流回到外壳1中之前流经第一过滤器22、泵21和第二过滤器23。与扩音器相类似的压强脉冲器8可以US 6073498中所描述的方式连接到外壳1的内部，以便将分析物质经由进口4抽取到外壳中。到目前为止所描述的设备是常规的。
进口4与常规进口的区别在于，进口4由带有轴向孔或通道41的毛细管40提供，所述轴向孔或通道41具有由将吸附感兴趣的分析物质的材料制成的涂层42。一般地，所述孔41的直径约为0.5毫米(未示出数值)，并且所述涂层42的材料可以是聚二甲基硅氧烷。因此，吸附材料42形成了所有样本进口气体流入反应区域3中所面对的表面。然而，所述吸附表面由涂层来提供是非本质的，这是因为其也可以是进口内的管或筒。可替换地，进口可以完全地由所述吸附材料制成。进口4还包括连接到处理器单元15的加热器43，可通过所述加热器43而将吸附材料42的温度按需要任意地升高。
实际操作中，检测器设备起初进入吸附阶段，在吸附阶段中不对进口4进行加热，因此大多数感兴趣的分析物质被所述材料42吸附。在一定时间之后，所述设备开始释放阶段，在该释放阶段期间处理器单元15对所述加热器43施加电压，以增加所述吸附材料42的温度并使得所吸附的分析物质以一团或集中进发(concentrated burst)的形式被带入到反应区域3中。分析物质的该瞬时高浓度状态产生了大量的分析物离子并以增加的信噪比来得到谱。
将预浓缩器材料置于进口本身中，使得进口气体能够与所述吸附材料充分地接触。这将带来高效的吸附。它还使得吸附物质块最小化，以实现快速的热循环和更少的能量消耗，这对使用电池的装置来讲是非常重要的。
如果单个进口不能使足够的分析物质流入到检测器中，还可按图2中所示的方式使用多于一个进口。在这种配置中，两个进口104和204被并排地安装，以形成到所述反应区域的并联进入路径。图2中示出的设备的其它方面与图1中所示的相同。
本发明特别地在IMS设备中使用，但同样可应用于其它形式的检测器。

Claims (8)

1.一种具有为针孔或毛细通道(41，241)形式的进口(4，104，204)的检测器设备，分析物质被允许通过所述针孔或毛细通道(41，241)进入到所述检测器(1)的内部，其特征在于，所述针孔或毛细通道(41，241)的表面的至少一部分是由吸附材料(42，242)制成的，其中所述分析物质通过所述针孔或毛细通道流动，并且所述检测器被配置成使所述吸附材料(42，242)根据需要对所吸附的物质进行释放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测器设备，其特征在于，所述吸附材料是所述针孔或毛细通道(41，241)的表面上的涂层(42，242)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的检测器设备，其特征在于，所述吸附材料(42，242)包括聚二甲基硅氧烷。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的检测器设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括加热器(43)，通过该加热器(43)使所述吸附材料(42，242)释放所吸附的物质。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的检测器设备，其特征在于，所述设备是IMS设备，所述针孔或毛细通道(41，241)通往被配置成对被允许进入的分析物分子进行电离的反应区域(3)，并且所述反应区域(3)被配置成将被电离的分子提供到漂移区域(2)以进行检测。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的检测器设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括多个进口(104和204)，并且每一个进口都具有针孔或毛细通道(41，241)，所述针孔或毛细通道(41，241)的表面的至少一部分是由吸附材料(42，242)制成的。
7.一种用于检测器设备的预浓缩器，所述预浓缩器被配置成吸附分析物质并根据需要释放所吸附的物质，其特征在于，所述预浓缩器具有提供针孔或毛细通道(41，241)的吸附表面(42，242)，并且所述预浓缩器被配置成为所述检测器设备(1)提供进口(4，104，204)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的预浓缩器，其特征在于，所述吸附表面(42，242)由聚二甲基硅氧烷制成。
CNA2007800466461A 2006-12-20 2007-12-10 检测器设备和预浓缩器 Pending CN101583868A (zh)

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CN106662509A (zh) * 2014-12-22 2017-05-10 松下知识产权经营株式会社 化学物质浓缩器以及化学物质检测装置
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CA2672249A1 (en) 2008-06-26
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EP2102644A1 (en) 2009-09-23
US20100012833A1 (en) 2010-01-21
JP2010513899A (ja) 2010-04-30
US8158933B2 (en) 2012-04-17
GB0625481D0 (en) 2007-01-31
RU2009122439A (ru) 2011-01-27

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