CN1015808B - 钻井方法 - Google Patents

钻井方法

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CN1015808B
CN1015808B CN89100302A CN89100302A CN1015808B CN 1015808 B CN1015808 B CN 1015808B CN 89100302 A CN89100302 A CN 89100302A CN 89100302 A CN89100302 A CN 89100302A CN 1015808 B CN1015808 B CN 1015808B
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diameter
shape tube
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complex area
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CN1034973A (zh
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嘎布德拉欣特·苏·阿布德拉哈麦诺夫
阿尔伯特·加比多洛维奇·柴诺林
菲力浦·葛里高耶维奇·阿扎迈斯柴夫
拉欣特·埃哈米多洛维奇·尤泰辛夫
鲁斯塔姆·哈米多维奇·依巴托林
伊菲尔·加里姆茨安诺维奇·尤索波夫
阿纳多列·瓦西里耶维奇·皮洛夫
米德哈特·拉荷马托洛维奇·麦夫尔尤托夫
拉欣特·哈依布洛维奇·塞尼科夫
维尔·法依达洛维奇·加利阿克巴洛夫
伊利安斯·埃怪索维奇·尤拉菲吉尔丁
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TATARSKY GOSUDARSTVENNY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY I PROEKTNY INSTITUT NEFTYANOI PROMYSHLENNOSTI
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TATARSKY GOSUDARSTVENNY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY I PROEKTNY INSTITUT NEFTYANOI PROMYSHLENNOSTI
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Publication of CN1034973A publication Critical patent/CN1034973A/zh
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/10Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
    • E21B43/103Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/10Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种钻井方法,包括对岩层钻孔和用导向套管(1)、钻孔导向管(2)和出油管(6)支护,以及用在安装过程中可扩展的异型管(4)隔离复杂区(3),这些异型管(4)用其内部建立的压力差扩展和随后进行扩径。在用导向套管(1)和钻孔导向管(2)支护钻井后,钻进即可用同一直径的钻头进行,这时复杂区(3)的直径扩钻到与已扩展的导型管(4)的外径相同,这些异型管(4)随着钻开的进展。逐步安装到全部复杂区(3)。

Description

本发明涉及钻井方法,特别是在复杂的岩石钻井条件下进行钻井的方法。
本发明可最有效地用于以强烈吸收钻探泥浆或由钻开地层涌出液体或天然气为特点的、对具有反常地层压力地层的封闭,以及钻井内岩石散落或坍塌区的封闭。
已知的钻井方法,包括对岩石钻孔和同时冲洗井底以便冲掉被钻碎的岩屑。地层压力是用改变液体比重来调节冲洗液柱的压力来实现平衡。然而,各地层之间时常在层内压力方面相差十分悬殊,使得不可能用改变冲洗液比重的方法来调节这种压力平衡,在这种情况下当钻开下一地层之前,需将已钻开的地层用套管柱封闭,然后浇灌水泥,以防止已钻开的地层彼此影响,并选择适合于下一地层压力的冲洗液的比重,然后继续钻井,但所用钻头的直径已减小。钻井由井口至产油层5直径逐级减小至下限,而为了支护其井壁使用了数个同心安装的套管柱。这些套管柱根据其功能分别称为导向套管、钻孔导向管、中间管和出油管。这种钻井方法需要消耗大量时间、水泥和套管。
用增加同一直径钻头钻探深度来减少中间套管数量的企图,常常会导致情况进一步复杂化和引起岩石崩落和钻探工具卡滞这类的事故。
苏联专利(SU,A,907220)已公布了一种钻井方法,包括对岩石钻孔和用套管支护,套管由导向套管、钻孔导向管、中间管和出油管组成,这种方法末说明在制订钻井方案中钻探泥浆吸收区可用异型管封闭,异形管在安装过程中用内部建立压力差来扩展并随后扩径。以此封闭清洗液吸收区和继续钻井,以便随后安装相应的套管。
然而在此种情况下,钻井的结构仍为多管式,即没有消除钻井过程中预定封闭其余复杂区所用的中间管。自然,在这种情况下钻井仍消耗大量时间和材料,而所钻的钻井的直径仍随深度加大而逐级减小,此外,在钻这种井时常常要求按钻井直径来更换工具,这样就延长了钻井期和增加了费用,而且在工业生产中不得不生产异常多的不同型号的钻探工具和设备。
本发明的目的是缩短钻井的时间和降低材料消耗。
本发明的另一目的是简化工艺和减轻工人的劳动。
此外,本发明的目的还在于统一钻井工具和设备,当然也包括提高其制造和使用中的生产率。
本发明还有另一目的,就是提高用于封闭反常高地层压力地层所用异型管的强度性能。
本发明的基本任务是建立一种钻井方法,以保证在安装导向套管和钻孔导向管之后能用一根套管来支护钻井。
本发明的任务可用如下措施来达到,提供一种钻井方法,包括对岩层钻孔,用导向套管、钻孔导向管和出油管对钻孔部分支护,以及用异型管隔离复杂区,这些异型管可在安装过程中用内部建立压力差方法扩展和随后对其扩径。按照本发明,在用导向套管和钻孔导向管支 护钻井后,钻进是用同一直径的钻头进行,这时复杂区的钻进直径等于已扩展的异型管的外径,异型管随着复杂区的钻开逐渐安装到全部复杂区。
安装导向套管和钻孔导向管之后,用同一直径的钻头钻井,可以保持钻井的给定直径直至设计深度,从而取消了中间管,当然也降低了材料消耗和加速了钻井的速度。
此外,这样可减少事故的发生,因为随着复杂区的钻井,它们立即被封闭。
在实现本发明的最佳方案中,至少一根异型管的原始直径比钻井复杂区直径小,这时用扩径法增大管子的过程中能使其内径扩大到与其它已扩径管的内径相同。
在这种扩大直径方法中,扩径可提高异型管的强度,这是因为消除了惰圆度和改变了金属结构的缘故,当然也就提高了对来自岩石外部挤压力的抗力。这样就使得有可能利用异型管作为具有反常高地层压力地层的封闭器,从而以较经济的方法防止了异型管和出油管经受挤压力。
最好将异型管扩径至超过其原始直径3-5%,这样可以保证管子金属的硬度最大程度的提高,视金属牌号和管壁厚度的不同,硬度的增量为130-260%,继续使异型管直径扩大超过5%,其对外界挤压力的抗力提高已不显著,但却导致异型管壁出现危险的变薄。
本发明的其它目的和优点可通过以下实例的详细说明和附图来了解,其中:
图1给出了按照本方法的钻井的结构(纵剖面);
图2-已下沉异型管的钻井,异型管的中部在校直后的外径比钻井的直径小(纵剖面);
图3-在复杂区安装异型管的钻井;
图4-图2的Ⅳ-Ⅳ剖面;
图5-图2的Ⅴ-Ⅴ剖面。
钻井方法的顺序如下:
用较大直径钻头钻井和用导向套管支护。然后继续用较小直径钻头钻进和重新用称为钻孔导向管的导向套管支护。之后用同一直径钻头钻进至设计深度,而在钻开钻探复杂区之前在钻头前面安装扩孔钻,用扩孔钻将钻头形成的直径扩大至与已扩展的异型管的外径相同,然后在钻探管上向钻探复杂区下沉异型管柱,并用异型管内泵入的液体的压力使其扩展和用扩径器校正其通过的截面直径,以保证钻头能自由通过,到达以后的钻探位置。在钻井过程中以类似方法对以后全部复杂区进行钻开和支护,一直到设计深度,之后将出油管下沉到钻井内和浇灌水泥。
在钻开地层的压力超过异型管抗挤压强度的情况下,在异型管之间安装定型前外径比钻井直径小的异型管,而其长度稍大于具有反常高地层压力的复杂区的尺寸范围,并将此异型管扩径型超过定型前原始直径的3~5%。
建议的钻井方法可用下面实例来说明。
按照本发明钻井方案,在导向套管1(图1)的引导下,用直径394毫米的钻头钻进至深度6米,用外径324毫米的普通套管支护。然后用直径295毫米的钻头继续钻进至深度300米,并用密度1.1克/厘米3的钻探泥浆冲洗和用直径245毫米的钻孔导管 2支护。随后至设计深度1800米的钻进都是用直径215.9毫米的钻头进行。这时深度460~470米的出水区3用异型管4隔离,这段异型管安装在未减小直径的钻井内380~480米范围内,并用管内液体10~12兆帕的压力对异型管校直和随后用扩径法将其压至预先用扩孔钻扩钻至直径235毫米的井壁上。
深度600~640米的出油和出水区3′用同样方法隔离。异型管4′安装在534~650米范围内。
深度820~840米的出水区3″也用异型管4″隔离,安装在800~900米范围内。
随后继续用直径215.9毫米的钻头钻进,以及使用适合于钻开产油层5地质条件密度的钻探泥浆(即密度1.43克/厘米3),并安装直径146毫米的出油管6。深度380~800米段钻井的钻进使用钻探泥浆的密度为1.29克/厘米3,而800~900米为1.6克/厘米3
这样一来,随着复杂区3,3′和3″的钻开,安装了异型管4、4′和4″来实现其隔离,异型管的总长为266米。
在钻开具有反常高地层压力的地层7(图2,3)时,异型管4中部管段的两端在地层区7装有密封元件8,一个与带有端头9的异型管4下部连接,另一个与上端带有左连接螺纹的异型管4的上部连接。
异型管4组件连在钻探管柱11上下沉到具有反常高地层压力的复杂区7,以便使正对着复杂区7放置其中部增强段(图25),其外圆直径比预先扩钻区7钻井直径小3-5%,而异型管组合件4的下部和上 部直径与复杂区7钻井扩钻部分的直径相同(图24)。
异型管组合件4下沉到复杂区7后,在其腔内建立正压,方法是用钻探泵或由中心泵站注入液体,在其作用下使异型管组合件4的上部和下部得到校直和定位。这时异型管4中部被校直,扩展至距钻井已扩钻部分直径尚差3~5%。然后卸压,由异型管4上部拧出钻探管柱11并将其提升至地面。然后将扩径器12(图3)连在钻探管柱11上下沉,由上部开始对异型管4进行扩径,结果把管4的上部和下部校准,而中部管段被扩径至超过其定型前直径3~5%。
这时管4的中部管段被扩展和紧贴在钻井壁上,而密封元件8切断了钻井隔离区7与其它部分的联系(图3)。异型管4下部完成校准阶段后,除去其端头9。
在异型管4的中部管段内表面扩径时,管子发生径向变形,导致金属强化,表现在金属硬度的提高。硬度的增加取决于钢的牌号和管壁厚度,增量为130-260%。
本发明可用于具有反常地层压力地层的封闭,以及钻井内岩石散落和坍塌区的封闭。

Claims (3)

1、一种钻井方法,包括对岩石钻孔和用导向套管(1)、钻孔导向管(2)和出油管(6)支护,以及用异型管(4)隔离钻探复杂区(3),这些异型管(4)可在安装过程中用建立的内部压力差扩展和随后进行扩径,其特征在于用导向套管(1)和钻孔导向管(2)支护后,钻进即可采用同一直径的钻头进行,这时复杂区(3)的直径扩钻至与已扩展的异型管(4)的外径相同,这些异型管随着钻开的进展逐步安装到全部复杂区(3)。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征还在于具有至少一根异型管(4),其外径在定型前小于钻井在复杂区(3)的直径,而在此管的扩径过程中,能使其内径扩大至与其它已扩径异型管(4)的内径相同。
3、根据权利要求2的方法,其特征还在于异型管(4)的扩径可超过定型前直径3~5%。
CN89100302A 1988-01-21 1989-01-20 钻井方法 Expired CN1015808B (zh)

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SU4366623 1988-01-21
SU884366623A SU1679030A1 (ru) 1988-01-21 1988-01-21 Способ изол ции зон осложнений в скважине профильными перекрывател ми

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AU (1) AU606777B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA1301635C (zh)
DE (1) DE3855787D1 (zh)
HU (1) HUT57371A (zh)
IN (1) IN170723B (zh)
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EP0353309A4 (en) 1991-05-08
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US4976322A (en) 1990-12-11
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NO300986B1 (no) 1997-08-25
DE3855787D1 (de) 1997-03-20
SU1679030A1 (ru) 1991-09-23
IN170723B (zh) 1992-05-09
CN1034973A (zh) 1989-08-23
WO1989006739A1 (en) 1989-07-27
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HUT57371A (en) 1991-11-28
JP2530737B2 (ja) 1996-09-04

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